腺苷预处理对人未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨腺苷预处理对人未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法将42例5岁以下行室间隔缺损修补术的患儿随机分成腺苷组和对照组,每组21例。腺苷组在术前用腺苷预处理,对照组经相同路径滴入相同体积的生理盐水后开始转流。观察心肌肌钙蛋白-I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌超微结构改变,记录和计算两组自动复跳率、T波倒置发生率、室性心律失常发生率、术后平均住院日(d)。结果腺苷预处理明显减少了cTnI、CK-MB的漏出,在心肌超微结构和心电活动方面具有良好的保护作用。结论腺苷预处理对人未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

腺苷A2A受体与神经系统疾病

作为一种重要的神经递质,腺苷能通过与细胞膜上的腺苷受体（adenosine receptors,AR）结合而发挥细胞调节作用。 AR属于G蛋白偶联受体家族,哺乳动物的AR至少包含A1、A2A、A2B和A3等4个亚型,其中A2A受体与多种临床疾病的发生、发展都有着密切的关系。本文主要综述了A2A受体与多种神经精神疾病之间关系的研究进展,以期为这些疾病的防治研究提供新的线索。     

银杏叶提取物对小鼠脑缺血能量代谢的影响

通过测定断头小鼠脑中腺苷三磷酸、磷酸肌酸及乳酸含量，观察银杏叶提取物对脑缺血能量代谢的影响。结果表明，小鼠断头３０ｓ后，脑ＡＴＰ，ＰＣ含量明显下降，ＬＡ含量显著增加；口服银杏叶的取物能减轻小鼠脑缺血对ＡＴＰ、ＰＣ的减及及ＬＡ的增加。提示银杏叶提取物可减少脑缺血时脑组织耗能。     

热毒清拮抗内毒素损伤线粒体的实验研究

本实验制作内毒素所致家兔DIC模型。观察到肝细胞线粒体在超微结构和功能方面均受到明显损害。而应用热毒清注射液之模型动物肝细胞超微结构基本正常;线粒体呼吸功能、ATP酶,肝匀浆和血清过氧化脂质(LPO)接近正常,与模型组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)或<0.05)。体外实验与体内实验结果一致,从而提示热毒清有拮抗内毒素损伤线粒体的功能。     

Protective effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on acute lung injury caused by severe dichlorvos poisoning in swine

Background Organophosphate poisoning is an important health problem in developing countries which causes death mainly by inducing acute lung injury. In this study, we examined the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride （PHC）, a selective M-receptor inhibitor, on dichlorvos-induced acute lung injury in swine. Methods Twenty-two female swines were randomly divided into control （n=5）, dichlorvos （n=6）, atropine （n=6）, and PHC （n=5） groups. Hemodynamic data, extravascular lung water index （EVLWI）, and pulmonary vascular permeability index （PVPI） were monitored; blood gas analysis and acetylcholinesterase （AchE） levels were measured. PaO2/FiO2, cardiac index （CI）, and pulmonary vascular resistance indices （PVRI） were calculated. At termination of the study, pulmonary tissue was collected for ATPase activity determination and wet to dry weight ratio （W/D） testing 6 hours post-poisoning. TUNEL assay, and Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 expression were applied to pulmonary tissue, and histopathology was observed. Results After poisoning, PHC markedly decreased PVRI, increased CI more effectively than atropine. Anticholinergic treatment reduced W/D, apoptosis index （AI）, and mitigated injury to the structure of lung; however, PHC reduced AI and caspase-3 expression and improved Bcl-2/Bax more effectively than atropine. Atropine and PHC improved ATPase activities; a significant difference between groups was observed in Ca2＋-ATPase activity, but not Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity. Conclusions The PHC group showed mild impairment in pathology, less apoptotic cells, and little impact on cardiac function compared with the atropine group in dichlorvos-induced acute lung injury.     

腺苷受体及其介导的 cAMP-PKA 信号通路在对乙酰氨基酚致药物性肝损伤中的作用

目的：探讨腺苷受体及其介导的环磷酸腺苷-蛋白激酶 A (cAMP-PKA)信号通路在对乙酰氨基酚致药物性肝损伤中的作用。方法将20只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为空白对照组和模型组。模型组给予对乙酰氨基酚500 mg/ kg,空白对照组给予等量的生理盐水,两组均为单次灌胃给药。24 h 后处死小鼠,检测谷丙转氨酶( ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆汁酸(TBA),HE 染色观察肝脏病理变化;原位肝灌注法分离小鼠肝细胞;Real-Time qPCR 法、 Western blot 法分别检测肝细胞腺苷 A1受体(A1R)、A2A 受体( A2AR)、A2B 受体( A2BR)和 A3受体(A3R)水平;ELISA 法检测各组细胞 cAMP 含量;Western blot 法检测各组细胞 PKA、磷酸化-环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(p-CREB)的表达水平。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组 AST、ALT、ALP、TBA 表达明显增加(P <0．01)且肝组织损伤明显;与空白对照组比较,模型组腺苷 A1R、A2AR的表达明显升高(P <0．01),cAMP 含量、PKA、p-CREB 蛋白的表达水平也相应增加(P <0．05)。结论对乙酰氨基酚致药物性肝脏损伤可能与 cAMP-PKA 信号通路有关。     

ATP－氯化镁对脑缺血再灌流损伤后胞浆内Na~＋，K~＋，Ca~（2＋），Mg~（2＋）及SOD的影响

采用四条血管阻断方法制成家兔急性全脑缺血再灌流模型，观察家兔脑组织胞浆内ＳＯＤ及Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋，Ｃａ（２＋），Ｍｇ（２＋）含量变化，结果发现家兔脑组织单纯缺血时ＳＯＤ活力明显下降（与正常对照组相比Ｐ＜０．０１），缺血再灌流后ＳＯＤ活力又较单纯缺血组进一步下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｎａ＋，Ｃａ（２＋）在单纯缺血时含量增高（与正常对照组相比Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ｋ＋，Ｍｇ（２＋）则减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）；缺血再灌流后Ｎａ，Ｃａ（２＋）含量较单纯缺血组进一步增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｋ＋，Ｍｇ（２＋）减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）．应用ＡＴＰ－氯化镁治疗后，上述指标与正常对照组相比无显著差异。     

腺苷钴胺对糖尿病周围神经病变患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平的影响研究

目的：探讨腺苷钴胺对2型糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）患者血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平的影响。方法：选择2014年1月～2015年3月期间我院内分泌科收治的74例糖尿病周围神经病变患者,根据随机数字表法将其随机分为两组,对照组予控制血糖等常规治疗,观察组联合应用腺苷钴胺注射液肌肉注射,治疗前后采用症状总评分法（TSS）对患者的神经症状进行评分,比较两组患者临床症状及血浆Hcy水平,并对患者的双侧胫总神经、腓总神经的运动神经传导速度（MNCV）、感觉神经传导速度（SNCV）进行测定。结果：对照组患者治疗后血浆Hcy水平、TSS评分及胫神经、腓神经MNCV、SNCV与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义;观察组患者治疗后TSS评分中疼痛、感觉异常、灼热感、麻木及总评分均较治疗前明显降低;并且观察组患者血浆Hcy水平以及胫神经、腓神经MNCV、SNCV明显增快;观察组患者治疗总有效率为86.48%,明显高于对照组的64.86%;观察组有2例患者出现胃纳减退,不良反应发生率为5.41%。结论：腺苷钴胺治疗DPN可以明显降低血浆Hcy水平,改善神经传导速度及临床症状,提高临床疗效。     

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Asiaticoside,Madecassoside and Asiatic Acid in Porcine Brain Endothelial Cell Model

Neurotherapeutic potentials of Centella asiatica and its reputation to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions are widely acknowledged. The plant's bioactive compounds, i.e. asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid were reported to have central nervous system (CNS) actions, particularly in protecting the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, it is important for these compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to be clinically effective therapeutics. This study aimed to explore the capability of asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid to cross the BBB using in vitro BBB model from primary porcine brain endothelial cells (PBECs). Our findings showed that asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid are highly BBB permeable with apparent permeability (P_app) of 70.61 ± 6.60, 53.31 ± 12.55 and 50.94 ± 10.91 × 10^?6 cm/s respectively. No evidence of cytotoxicity and tight junction disruption of the PBECs were observed in the presence of these compounds. Asiatic acid showed cytoprotective effect towards the PBECs against oxidative stress. This study reported for the first time that Centella asiatica compounds demonstrated high capability to cross the BBB, comparable to central nervous system drugs, and therefore warrant further development as therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.     

Identification of biomarkers for essential hypertension based on metabolomics

AimEssential hypertension (EH) is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of EH is unclear and early diagnostic methods are lacking. Metabolomics demonstrates great potential for biomarker discovery and the mechanistic exploration of metabolic diseases.Data synthesisThis review included human and animal metabolomics studies related to EH in the PubMed and Web of Science databases between February 1996 and May 2020. The study designs, EH standards, and reported metabolic biomarkers were systematically examined and compared. The pathway analysis was conducted through the online software MetaboAnalyst 4.0.Twenty-two human studies and fifteen animal studies were included in this systematic review. There were many frequently reported biomarkers with consistent trends (e.g., pyruvate, lactic acid, valine, and tryptophan) in human and animal studies, and thus had potential as biomarkers of EH. In addition, several shared metabolic pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis, were identified in human and animal metabolomics studies. These biomarkers and pathways, closely related to insulin resistance, the inflammatory state, and impaired nitric oxide production, were demonstrated to contribute to EH development.ConclusionsThis study summarized valuable metabolic biomarkers and pathways that could offer opportunities for the early diagnosis or prediction of EH and the discovery of the metabolic mechanisms of EH.