线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型的改进

目的 研究一种稳定、简便的大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型制作方法。方法 采用健康SD雄性大鼠，线栓法制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型．结扎颈总动脉（CCA）及颈外动脉（ECA），不结扎翼腭动脉，用5．0头皮针于CCA结扎的远端刺一小口插入栓塞线造成缺血，拔出线栓形成再灌注。通过神经功能缺损评分、红四氮唑（TTC）染色和病理学检查等方法评价该模型的可靠性。结果动物麻醉后一般只需15min左右即可完成手术，术后大鼠神经功能缺损明显，TTC染色示脑梗塞区苍白，病理学检查显示典型病理表现。结论该方法缺血效果明确可靠，术式简便，手术时间短，不需具备显微手术操作技巧，是一种理想的制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型的方法。     

Attempts to make models for Alzheimer''s disease

Profound reductions in cortical acetylcholine levels together with degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain have been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A similar loss of the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and impairment of learning and memory occur in animals injected with a nerve growth factor-diphtheria toxin conjugate, suggesting that this animal model is suitable to analyze cholinergic roles on learning and memory processes, and also the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, animal models constructed by electrolytic or neurotoxic lesioning of the basal magnocellular nucleus, and models made by transgenetic technology were described.     

网络模式下临床医师绩效评价指标体系研究

为了充分利用医院信息网络信息，更为全面、客观地对医生进行评价，阐述建立网络模式下临床医师绩效评价指标体系的原则、方法，并对的建立指标体系的可信度及合理性进行了分析。     

栓线法大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型的研究

采用颈部旁侧手术入路，结扎右侧颈总动脉、颈外动脉及其分支后颈内动脉栓线法制作大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞再灌流损伤模型。闭塞成功率９４．１％，动物偏瘫症状评分在缺血２ｈ再灌流３ｄ后趋于稳定，病理改变以尾壳核损害最重。再灌流７ｄ脑梗塞体积为９７．８±９．４ｍｍ３，动物死亡率５９．４％。缺血２ｈ后再灌流先出现过渡灌注，而后呈持续性低灌注。本文模型勿需开颅，缺血效果可靠，对局灶性脑缺血的研究具有实用价值。     

Channges in regional cerebral blood flow after hyperventilation in the pig with an induced focal cerebral contusion

Summary Changes in regional cerebral blood flow in anaesthetized pigs with an induced focal cerebral contusion were studied before and after two grades of hyperventilation. A reduction in arterial tension of CO₂ with 0.70mmHg and a further reduction of 0.55mmHg did not change the CO₂ reactivity. Reactivity in both injured and macroscopically normal regions was the same, revealing an average of 39.3% flow change per kPa change in CO₂ tension. Regions with low flow after the contusion had an equally big reduction apparently leading to hypoxia because global metabolic rate was unchanged.     

慢性活动性肝炎中单核性细胞超微形态研究

经电镜观察,慢活肝中主要为淋巴细胞及单核巨噬细胞浸润。淋巴细胞分3型,通过4种方式与肝细胞接触,可能代表杀伤肝细胞的动态过程。与肝细胞接触的主要为起细胞毒作用的T_8~+Ⅱ型淋巴细胞及单核巨噬细胞。多数T_4~+淋巴细胞为Ⅰ型淋巴细胞,可能为T辅助细胞。在肝细胞损伤中,淋巴细胞及单核巨噬细胞均起重要作用。     

A Novel Extravascular Input Function for the Assessment of Drug Absorption in Bioavailability Studies

Purpose. Flexible parametric models describing the input process after extravascular drug administration are needed for the assessment of absorption rate and the use of population methods in bioavailability and bioequivalence studies. Methods. The oral concentration-time curve modeled as the product of the input and disposition function in the Laplace domain was obtained by numerical inversion methods for parameter estimation. The utility of the inverse Gaussian input density was examined using bioavailability data of an extended-release dosage form. Measures of rate of absorption and the cumulative absorbed amount profile were defined in terms of the estimated model parameters. Results. Accurate estimation of absorption parameters was achieved by simultaneous fitting of the extravascular and intravascular data (describing the latter by a triexponential function). The new input function allowed a direct estimation of both extent of absorption and mean absorption time. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the inverse Gaussian density is a useful input function. Its flexibility may reduce the effect of model misspecification in parameter estimation. All parameters can be readily interpreted in terms of the absorption process.     

基于LVQ的自发脑电信号的分类研究

为了识别在不同思维状态下的自发脑电(EEG)信号，本文用6阶自回归(AR)模型表示EEG信号，用学习矢量量化(LVQ)神经网络作分类器，分别用LVQl和LVQ2．1算法对网络进行训练，并对分类结果进行测试，比较了网络选择不同参数时对分类正确率的影响。研究表明：竞争层神经元数目直接影响了正确率，当选择最佳参数值时分类正确率为62％-83％，因人而异。     

固尔苏治疗NRDS前后血管内皮分泌功能的改变

目的 :研究肺表面活性物质 (PS)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征 (NRDS)前后血管内皮分泌功能变化及可能的治疗机理。方法 :用PS制剂固尔苏治疗 18例NRDS患儿 ,于治疗前 3 0min ,治疗后 1、 6、 12、 2 4h ,用硝酸还原酶法测定NO (一氧化氮 )、放射免疫法测定ET (内皮素 )、 6 K PGF1α (6 酮前列环素 )。结果 :固尔苏治疗后患儿NO、 6 K PGF1α明显升高 ,ET明显下降 ,与治疗前比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。治疗后 1、 6、 12、 2 4hNO、6 k PGF1α、ET各组间两两比较无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :PS治疗NRDS的机理可能是通过改善血管内皮功能发挥作用 ,为用外源性NO吸入和静注前列环素辅助治疗NRDS提供可能的实验依据。     

Experimental study of the role of the local infectious focus in development ofPseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia

Department of Pathological Anatomy, Clinical-Biological Laboratory, and Laboratory of Immunology, Bacteriology, and Clinical Pharmacology, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 285–287, March, 1991.