补肾、活血类复方对老年大鼠T细胞凋亡相关基因表达调控模式的比较研究

目的：探讨两个补肾复方（右归饮和补肾益寿胶囊）及活血复方下调老年大鼠T细胞凋亡的基因调控模式。方法：用TUNEL标记的流式细胞检测和荧光实时定量RT－PCR技术，研究老年大鼠和年轻大鼠T淋巴细胞抗凋亡和促凋亡基因（Fas、FasL、Bcl-2、Bax、TNFR1、TNFR2)的表达以及凋亡级联反应中半胱氨酸蛋白酶（如Caspase8和Caspase3)活性的差异，及比较两个补肾方和活血复方对老年大鼠T细胞抗凋亡和促凋亡基因表达的调控以及对Caspase活性的影响。结果：两个补肾复方均能够有效地降低老年大鼠T细胞的过度凋亡，下调FasL及TNFR1基因的转录和Caspase8及Caspase3的活性。而活血复方对于T细胞的过度凋亡无显著作用。结论：激活诱导的T细胞过量凋亡与肾虚密切相关，两个补肾复方均可下调促凋亡基因FasL和TNFR1的转录，从而抑制老年大鼠过度的T细胞凋亡，是补肾法所特有的对老年T细胞凋亡相关基因的调控模式。     

Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in very-low-birth-weight infants: a longitudinal study

To examine osteopenia in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants we used repeated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a prospective study of lumbar spinal bone mineral density (BMD) in Japanese VLBW infants (birthweight 426–1498 g; n = 61, group 1) aged 40 weeks postconception to 3 years of age. Control subjects were Japanese infants with birthweight 1500–1999 g (group 2), 2000–2499 g (group 3), or more than 2500 g (group 4). BMD in group 1 during the early period after birth was very low, increased rapidly for 1 year, and then gradually increased until 3 years of age (r =  0.931, P < 0.0001). BMD at the age of 40 weeks postconception was 0.085 ± 0.026, 0.132 ± 0.039, 0.178 ± 0.042, and 0.196 ± 0.046 g/cm² in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P < 0.0001). However, at 1 and 2 years of age no differences were observed among the groups in BMD. Conclusion This study shows that lumbar spinal BMD in VLBW infants can normalize by the age of 2 years. Received: 12 May 1999 / Accepted: 11 October 1999     

辨证论治冠心病心绞痛100例

冠心病心绞痛是临床上常见病、多发病,近年来发病有逐渐上升的趋势,给人们的健康造成了极大危害。2000年1月~2007年9月,笔者采用中医辨证论治治疗冠心病心绞痛100例,临床效果满意,现报道如下。1临床资料100例均为门诊病人,其中男56例,女44例;年龄最小41岁,最大75岁,平均58岁;病     

激活 联想 逻辑推理 模块组合——解决歧义的认知过程

本文从认知心理学的角度对歧义的认知心理过程作尝试性分析，并认为激活，联想，逻辑推理和模块组合这四个步骤构成一个完整的，能解决歧义的认知心理模式。     

红景天苷对不同状态下小鼠能量代谢的影响

目的探讨红景天苷（SDS）对不同状态下小鼠能量代谢的影响。方法将32只小鼠随机分为对照组、SDS组、运动组及SDS＋运动组4组，其中SDS组及SDS＋运动组给予180mg,／（kg·d）SDS灌胃，对照组及运动组则给予同体积蒸馏水[20ml／（kg·d）]灌胃，连续给药15天。15天后对照组及SDS组不做任何运动，运动组及SDS＋运动组无负重游泳120分钟后处死小鼠，检测骨骼肌组织匀浆中苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）及乳酸（LD）和肝组织匀浆中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平。结果SDS＋运动组小鼠骨骼肌内MDH活性明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）；SDS组、运动组和SDS＋运动组骨骼肌内SDH活性分别较对照组升高13％（P〉0．05）、16％（P〈0．05）和27％（P〈0．01）．且SDS＋运动组骨骼肌内SDH活性也明显高于运动组（P〈0．05）；运动组和SDS＋运动组骨骼肌内PK活性较对照组分别升高14％和39％（P均〈0．05），且SDS＋运动组骨骼肌内PK活性也明显高于运动组（P〈0．05）。SDS组、运动组和SDS＋运动组小鼠肝脏LDH活性较对照组分别升高17％（P〈0．05）、16％（P〈0．05）和28％（P〈0．01），且SDS＋运动组的肝脏LDH活性也明显高于运动组（P〈0．05）；运动组骨骼肌内LD含量明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论SDS可增加运动小鼠骨骼肌及肝脏中能量代谢相关酶活性，促进有氧代谢和加速骨骼肌内LD清除可能是SDS抗运动性疲劳的机制之一。     

人精子染色体离体测试系统中S9混合物的应用

在未加和加入体外代谢激活体系S9混合物2种情况下,将人精子用最终浓度分别为20、40、60μg/ml环磷酰胺处理3.5h,然后与去透明带地鼠卵进行异种体外受精,继而制备精子染色体进行核型分析。在未加S9混合物组,环磷酰胺3种剂量处理的染色体结构畸变精子率依次为10％、12％、10％;断裂均数依次为0.22、0.14、0.20;在加入S9混合物组,畸变精子率依次为18％、24％、32％;断裂均数依次为0.38、0.78、1.64.2组间畸变精子率和断裂均数差异显著(P<0.05)。加入S9混合物组,环磷酰胺3种剂量处理的畸变精子率和断裂均数都高于空白对照组(10％,0.12％),其差异具有统计学意义且畸变精子率和断裂均数随着环磷酰胺剂量增加而增高。本研究结果表明,人精子染色体离体测试系统可以用来检测原诱变剂对人精子中遗传物质的诱变效应。但原诱变剂必须经S9混合物代谢成激活型。     

补充铁对铁缺乏纺织女工生产效率的影响

采用铁剂与安慰剂组间相互对照的双盲干预试验研究方法,将80名19至44岁患有铁缺乏非妊娠期的女工随机分配于铁剂组或安慰剂组,跟踪10至12周,观察干预前后血生化指标,工作时间及业余时间总能量消耗,产量,生产效率的变化。 铁剂治疗后平均血红蛋白上升13g/L,血清铁蛋白上升20.3μg/L,红细胞游离原卟啉下降293μg/L,工作时间总能量消耗下降467kJ/d,生产效率增加0.32元/MJ。自身对照t检验及与安慰剂组比较的组间t检验均显示铁剂治疗前后以上各种变化显著。     

Cerebral energy metabolism in insulin induced hypoglycemia in newborn piglets: in vivo31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The effect of insulin induced hypoglycemia on cerebral energy metabolism was examined in four newborn piglets. Cerebral energy metabolism was assessed using in vivo ³¹P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that the normal level of phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi), an indicator of phosphorylation potential, was maintained at a blood glucose level of 40 mg/dL or above, whereas when blood glucose was reduced to less than 40 mg/dL, PCr/Pi rapidly decreased in parallel with this. Below the critical blood glucose level of 40 mg/dL, a positive correlation (y = 0.02x + 0.632; r = 0.668; P < 0.001) existed between blood glucose and PCr/Pi. In the present investigation, a reduction of blood glucose level to 20 mg/dL or lower resulted in a PCr/Pi of less than 1, indicating a state of cerebral energy failure. The intracellular pH (pHi) was 7.08 ± 0.05 at the onset and 7.15 ± 0.07 in the hypoglycemic state, indicating no significant difference between the two groups. The present study has clarified that cerebral energy failure occurs when the blood glucose level is about 20 mg/dL or lower. The critical point of blood glucose exists to maintain brain energy metabolism.     

Monitoring steatorrhoea in cystic fibrosis

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the relationship between chemical fat analysis and some more rapid tests proposed to estimate steatorrhoea. Stool collections (72 h) were obtained on 32 occasions in 22 patients with cystic fibrosis and in seven healthy children. A very close relationship was found between faecal fat, as measured by standard chemical methods, and faecal energy (r=0.95,P<0.001). We conclude that the determination of faecal energy, easier to measure than faecal fat, can provide reliable information about the extent of steatorrhoea in cystic fibrosis.     

Water, energy and early postnatal growth in preterm infants

Non-invasive methods, including stable isotope techniques, indirect calorimetry, nutritional balance and skinfold thickness, have given a new insight into early postnatal growth in neonates. Neonates and premature infants in particular, create an unusual opportunity to study the fluid and metabolic adaptation to extrauterine life because their physical environment can be controlled, fluid and energy balance can be measured and the link between metabolism and the energetics of their postnatal growth can be assessed accurately. Thus the postnatal time course of total body water, heat production, energy cost of growth and composition of weight gain have been quantified in a series of "healthy" low-birth-weight premature infants. These results show that total body water is remarkably stable between postnatal days 3-21. Energy expenditure and heat production rates increase postnatally from mean values of 40 kcal/kg/day during the first week to 60 kcal/kg/day in the third week. An apparent energy balance deficit of 180 kcal/kg can be ascribed to premature delivery. The cost of protein metabolism is the highest energy demanding process related to growth. The fact that nitrogen balance becomes positive within 72 h after birth places the newborn in a transitional situation of dissociated balance between energy and protein metabolism during early postnatal growth: skinfold thickness, dry body mass and fat decrease, while there is a gain in protein and increase in supine length. This particular situation ends during the second postnatal week and soon thereafter the rate of weight gain matches statural growth. The goals of the following review are to summarize data on total body water and energy metabolism in premature infants and to discuss how they correlate with physiological aspects of early postnatal growth