LTA and FAU-X Iron-Enriched Zeolites: Use for Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Medium

Hydrothermally synthesized Linde type A (LTA) and faujasite X (FAU-X) zeolites are low-cost and environmentally benign inorganic carriers for environmental applications. In this study, (oxy)hydroxides were incorporated onto LTA and FAU-X zeolites to promote the phosphate adsorption. The performance of LTA-Fe and FAU-X-Fe was evaluated through batch adsorption assays. A complete evaluation was performed to recover phosphate from synthetic wastewater. The effect of pH, concentration, equilibrium, and kinetic parameters on phosphate adsorption and its further reuse in sorption–desorption cycles were evaluated. LTA-Fe and FAU-X-Fe are effective for adsorption of phosphate at neutral (e.g., pH 7.0 ± 0.2) and in a broad range of phosphate concentrations. Higher ratios of adsorption capacities were obtained by synthetic zeolites enriched with iron in comparison to their parent forms. The phosphate adsorption occurred through hydrogen bonding and complexation reactions between protonated iron hydroxyl groups and phosphate anions. The phosphate monolayer adsorption was followed by diffusion through the internal pores and 80% of the equilibrium adsorption was reached within 50 min. The LTA-Fe and FAU-X-Fe can be used for phosphate recovery from wastewater treatment plants. The use of LTA-Fe and FAU-X-Fe in a tertiary wastewater treatment stage could allow to reduce the phosphate–phosphorous content, reaching the regulatory levels (equal 1 mg L⁻¹ total phosphorous). The phosphate adsorption using LTA-Fe and FAU-X-Fe does not require pH adjustment, and it is endothermic. The reusability of both iron zeolites is limited, and they can be finally disposed for soil amendment applications.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者上呼吸道的CT研究

目的 :探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)患者和正常人的上呼吸道CT资料的差异。方法 :对经多导睡眠监测 (PSG)确诊的OSAS患者和年龄性别相近的正常成年人各 5 3例 ,采用螺旋CT对上呼吸道进行连续扫描 ,测量并比较两组间有关数据。结果 :OSAS组软腭后区、悬雍垂区和舌后区的横截面积均明显小于对照组 ;左右径在所测量的 4个平面中均明显短于对照组 ;而前后径的比较除悬雍垂区以外 ,两组间差异均不明显 ;前后径 /左右径比值在会厌后区差异不显著 ,其余 3个区域差异明显 ;咽后壁的软组织厚度比较软腭后区和悬雍垂区差异明显 ,咽侧壁的软组织厚度比较 ,4个测量平面差异均显著 ,软腭后区咽侧脂肪面积比较差异不显著。结论 :上呼吸道的解剖性狭窄是OSAS的主要发病原因之一 ,造成上呼吸道解剖性狭窄的主要原因是咽侧壁软组织的明显增厚并导致气道左右径的缩短     

女性控尿解剖机制的多层螺旋CT研究

目的 研究女性控尿解剖机制在16层螺旋CT上的表现和价值.方法 对正常控尿的20位女性的下尿路、盆底肌肉进行16层螺旋cT的横截位连续增强扫描.在层距1mm、层厚2mm、螺距1.5、床进速度4.5mm/s的条件下,注射优维显后28s～35s进行连续扫描.结果 在增强的16层螺旋CT影像上,可以区分女性尿道与阴道等尿道周围组织;与控尿有关的盆底肌肉也能够清楚显示;CT观察证实女性尿道的肌肉是独立的,与盆底其他肌肉并不相连.结论 增强的16层螺旋CT可作为观察女性尿道的影像学方法,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

In vitro effects of active components of Polygonum Multiflorum Radix on enzymes involved in the lipid metabolism

Ethnopharmacology relevance

Raw and processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR and PMRP) are used in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia or related diseases. In our previous research, 2, 3, 5, 4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG) displayed the most important role in the total cholesterol (TC) lowering effect among all the chemical constituents of Polygonum multiflorum. Emodin and physcion displayed more favorable triglyceride (TG) reducing effects than TSG. However, there are few researches focus on the approach and mechanism of how do Polygonum multiflorum exhibit good lipid regulation activity. The targeted sites of active substances of Polygonum multiflorum are still not clearly elucidated. This research pays close attention to how major chemical components of Polygonum multiflorum affect the TC and TG contents in liver cells.

Materials and methods

In this research, a sensitive, accurate and rapid in vitro model, steatosis hepatic L02 cell, was used to explore target sites of active chemical substances of Polygonum multiflorum for 48 h. Steatosis hepatic L02 cell was exposed to emodin, physcion and TSG, respectively. The contents of four key enzymes in the pathway of synthesis and decomposition of TC and TG were investigated after exposure. Meanwhile, the contents of lipid transfer protein were also tested. The diacylgycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) controlled the biosynthesis of TG from free fatty acids while 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) limited the biosynthesis of TC. Hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A) played the key role in the lipolysis procedure of TG and TC.

Results

The synthesis of TC and TG in steatosis L02 cells were apparently increased in the model group compared to the control group. Intracellular contents of HMG-CoA reductase and DGAT1 increased 32.33% and 56.52%, while contents of CYP7A and HTGL decreased 21.61% and 47.37%. Emodin, physcion and TSG all showed down-regulation effects on HMG-CoA reductase, while up-regulation effects on CYP7A. The most remarkable effect on HMG-CoA reductase was found on emodin. Emodin could reduce the DGAT1 content from 438.44±4.51 pg/mL in model group to 192.55±9.85 pg/mL (100 μm). The content of HTGL in 300 μm physcion group was 3.15±0.15 U/mL, which was more significantly effective than the control, lovastatin and fenofibrate group.

Conclusions

TSG could raise the content of CYP7A and then promote the lipolysis of cholesterol. Moreover, TSG also showed the best LDL-reducing effect. Emodin could inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and DGAT1, which were key enzymes in the synthesis of TC and TG. Physcion increased the content of HTGL, and then could boost the lipolysis of triglyceride. At the same time, physcion showed the best VLDL-reducing effect. In view of the above conclusions, we contributed the lipid regulation activity to an overall synergy of TSG, emodin and physcion.     

核受体PXR在宫颈鳞癌组织及SiHa细胞中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨核受体孕烷X受体(PXR)在宫颈鳞癌组织的表达及与宫颈鳞癌发生的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学及细胞免疫化学检测核受体PXR在41例宫颈癌组织及宫颈鳞癌细胞株SiHa中的表达。结果:PXR在宫颈鳞癌细胞株SiHa中有表达;正常宫颈组织有PXR表达,41例宫颈鳞癌组织中PXR的阳性率为59.5%,且宫颈癌组织中明显低表达。结论:PXR的表达水平与宫颈癌的发生有一定的相关性,可能成为今后判断宫颈癌预后有价值的标志物。     

何首乌中THSG和蒽醌类成分对人孕烷X受体介导的CYP3A4的调控作用

该文探讨何首乌主要化学成分2,3,5,4'-四羟基芪-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-Dglucopyranoside,THSG)、蒽醌类(大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、芦荟大黄素、大黄素甲醚)对人孕烷X受体(human pregnant X receptor,PXR)介导的CYP3 A4的转录调控作用。利用前期建立的PXR介导的CYP3 A4药物诱导快速筛选技术,采用MTS细胞检测方法考察何首乌中主要化学成分对细胞活性的影响,计算IC50;利用双荧光素酶报告基因系统,将PXR表达载体和含CYP3 A4转录调控区的报告基因载体共转染Hep G2细胞,10μmol·L~(-1)利福平(RIF)为阳性对照,10μmol·L–1酮康唑(TKZ)为阴性对照,用THSG(2.5,5,10μmol·L~(-1))和蒽醌类成分(2.5,5,10μmol·L~(-1))分别处理24 h,进行双荧光素酶活性检测。结果表明,空载质粒pc DNA3.1与p GL4.17-CYP3A4共转染时,THSG、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、大黄酸、芦荟大黄素对CYP3A4的调控多为抑制效应,大黄素对CYP3A4产生诱导作用;pc DNA3.14-PXR与p GL4.17-CYP3A4共转染时,THSG、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、大黄酸、芦荟大黄素均产生诱导效应。综上,THSG和蒽醌类成分均可对CYP3A4产生抑制或激活效应,PXR参与后,上述成分对CYP3A4均产生诱导效应,提示何首乌中主要成分对CYP3A4的诱导作用是通过PXR实现的。以上结果提示在与何首乌联合用药时应注意潜在的药物相互作用,提高中药的安全性和有效性。     

双龙煎治疗心脏X综合征患者的临床疗效观察

目的观察双龙煎治疗心脏X综合征的临床疗效及其安全性。方法 60例心脏X综合征患者随机分为双龙煎组和丹参片组。进行活动平板运动试验,观察两组临床总有效率。结果双龙煎组临床症状明显改善,每周心绞痛发作次数较治疗前及丹参片组显著减少,总有效率83.3%,优于丹参组的56.7%（P〈0.05）。而平板运动时ST段压低〉0.1mV的持续时间明显缩短,运动后ST段压低之和显著降低及运动至心绞痛出现的时间明显延长,与治疗前及丹参片组治疗后比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论双龙煎能明显缓解心脏X综合征患者心绞痛症状,提高患者运动耐量。     

真武汤对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的：研究真武汤对阿霉素诱导慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡因子的影响。方法：将24只斯泼累格·多雷(SD)大鼠分为空白组、模型组、美托洛尔组、真武汤组,每组6只。利用腹腔注射阿霉素建立慢性心力衰竭模型。给药7周后,利用彩超仪检测心功能左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS);利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测心肌组织B细胞淋巴瘤-2蛋白(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、Bcl-2的浓度改变;蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blotting)法观察心肌组织Bax、Bcl-2、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)蛋白含量。结果：与空白组比较,模型组LVEF、LVFS降低,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。与模型组比较,真武汤组LVEF、LVFS升高(均P<0.01),BAX的浓度和蛋白表达显著降低(均P<0.01),Bcl-2的浓度及蛋白表达显著上升(均P<0.01),MMP-9的蛋白表达降低(P<0.01)。结论：真武汤能有效调控大鼠心肌细胞凋亡因子,进而改善大鼠心功能。     

Solid cancer incidence among Chinese medical diagnostic x‐ray workers, 1950–1995: Estimation of radiation‐related risks

The objective of this study was to estimate solid cancer risk attributable to long‐term, fractionated occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Based on cancer incidence for the period 1950–1995 in a cohort of 27,011 Chinese medical diagnostic X‐ray workers and a comparison cohort of 25,782 Chinese physicians who did not use X‐ray equipment in their work, we used Poisson regression to fit excess relative risk (ERR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) dose–response models for incidence of all solid cancers combined. Radiation dose reconstruction was based on a previously published method that relied on simulating measurements for multiple X‐ray machines, workplaces and working conditions, information about protective measures, including use of lead aprons, and work histories. The resulting model was used to estimate calendar year‐specific badge dose calibrated as personal dose equivalent (Sv). To obtain calendar year‐specific colon doses (Gy), we applied a standard organ conversion factor. A total of 1,643 cases of solid cancer were identified in 1.45 million person‐years of follow‐up. In both ERR and EAR models, a statistically significant radiation dose–response relationship was observed for solid cancers as a group. Averaged over both sexes, and using colon dose as the dose metric, the estimated ERR/Gy was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.48, 1.45), and the EAR was 22 per 10⁴PY‐Gy (95% CI: 14, 32) at age 50. We obtained estimates of the ERR and EAR of solid cancers per unit dose that are compatible with those derived from other populations chronically exposed to low dose‐rate occupational or environmental radiation.     

肝X受体激动剂在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

肝X受体(liver X receptors, LXRs)是孤儿核受体转录因子超家族成员,当LXRs被激活后,可调节靶基因的转录表达,不但参与胆固醇、脂肪、糖的代谢以及炎症等过程,并且在许多恶性肿瘤组织中均有表达。为全面了解肝X受体激动剂在治疗癌症中的研究现状,本文将从肝X受体激动剂与胃癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、肺癌以及结直肠癌的相关性方面进行综述。