兔坐骨神经挤压伤的MRI与SEP对比研究

目的:探讨磁共振成像和体感诱发电位以及两者结合在坐骨神经急性挤压伤中的诊断价值。方法:24只兔按钳夹力的不同随机分为A、B两组,左后肢为损伤侧,右后肢为对照侧,建立坐骨神经急性挤压伤模型,于伤后1、2、4、8周行MR扫描,同时行双侧体感诱发电位检查。结果:损伤侧24条神经,有23条MR显示异常,诊断正确率95.8%,假阴性率4.17%(1/24);24条损伤侧坐骨神经,有22条SEP显示异常,诊断正确率91.6%,假阴性率8.3%(2/24)。MRI与SEP对神经损伤的正确诊断率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。MRI与SEP结合起来,24条损伤神经均显示异常,诊断正确率100%。结论:MR与SEP检查可无创、准确地判断神经损伤,两者结合可明显提高神经损伤的正确诊断率,重复性好,可作为神经损伤的较好诊断手段。     

2型糖尿病患者的智能障碍

目的：调查没有临床神经损害体征的2型糖尿病患者早期的高级神经功能改变，方法：分别对52例2型糖尿病患者和32名健康对照者进行了韦氏智力量表的相似、数字广度、数字符号、木块图等4项分测验测定，采用二合一(相似、木块图)的方法计算简式智商，同时进行事件相关电位检查，结果：糖尿病患者组的相似、木块图分测验成绩和简式智商明显较健康对照组低下，ERP检查发现病人组N2、P3潜伏期较对照组明显延长，结论：2型糖尿病可导致高级神经功能损害。并且这种损害可能要早于周围神经损害。     

Abnormal sensorimotor integration is related to disease severity in Parkinson's disease: a TMS study.

Hyperexcitability of the motor system has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluate how cutaneous afferents modulate motor excitability in PD patients and whether abnormal modulation is correlated to parkinsonian symptoms. Digital stimulation causes abnormal enhancement of motor responses in patients. This effect may be one of the features of motor hyperexcitability in PD. Cutaneomotor hyperexcitability correlates with clinical scores, suggesting that abnormal processing of cutaneous inputs might contribute to the pathogenesis of parkinsonian symptoms.     

Auditory evoked potential index: a quantitative measure of changes in auditory evoked potentials during general anaesthesia

We describe a novel index derived from the auditory evoked potential, the auditory evoked potential index, and we compare it with latencies and amplitudes related to clinical signs of consciousness and unconsciousness. Eleven patients, scheduled for total knee replacement under spinal anaesthesia, completed the study. The initial mean (SD) value of the auditory evoked potential index was 72.5 (11.2). During the first period of unconsciousness it decreased to 39.6 (6.9) and returned to 66.8 (12.5) when patients regained consciousness. Thereafter, similar values were obtained whenever patients lost and regained consciousness. Latencies and amplitudes changed in a similar fashion. From all parameters studied, Na latencies had the greatest overlap between successive awake and asleep states. The auditory evoked potential index and Nb latencies had no overlap. The consistent changes demonstrated suggest that the auditory evoked potential index could be used as a reliable indicator of potential awareness during propofol anaesthesia instead of latencies and amplitudes.     

Pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials following CO2 laser stimulation in peripheral neuropathies

Pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials (pain SEPs) following CO2 laser stimulation were examined in 30 patients with peripheral neuropathies, and the results were compared with clinical sensory findings. Pain SEP findings showed a significant correlation with the clinical impairment of pain sensation, but not with the impairment of deep sensations. In contrast, conventional electrically-stimulated SEPs (electric SEPs) showed a significant correlation with deep sensations, but not with the impairment of pain sensation. Examinations of both pain SEPs and electric SEPs, therefore, are considered to be very useful to evaluate physiological functions of sensory nerves in patients with peripheral neuropathies.     

Applied potential tomography

Applied potential tomography (APT) is a new noninvasive, nonradioactive method of measuring gastric emptying, which generates profiles of emptying of liquids that are similar to those obtained simultaneously by scintigraphy and dye dilution. This study validates the ability of APT to measure emptying of a solid beefburger test meal from the stomach by comparing the results obtained with those obtained simultaneously by scintigraphy. When acid secretion was inhibited, there was a significant correlation between the two methods for the time taken for half the meal to empty from the stomach and the amount of meal emptied at different time intervals. Furthermore, the profiles of gastric emptying obtained by APT resembled those obtained by scintigraphy in most studies. If acid secretion was not inhibited, there was no correlation between values obtained by the two methods.     

眼球破裂伤相关因素分析

目的 观察眼球破裂伤的致伤原因、常见部位、视力预后。方法 眼科住院眼球破裂伤51例的回顾性总结分析。结果 眼球破裂伤的首要致伤因素是打架斗殴(占43％)、其次工伤(占20％)、家庭休闲和旅游误伤(占17％)，交通事故(10％)，其他(10％)。眼球破裂伤的常见部位是上方角膜缘(占45％)，颞侧、鼻侧角膜缘和肌止点后巩膜(各占15％)。经过治疗，Ⅰ度破裂伤7／13获得0．02以上视力，Ⅱ度破裂伤9／20保留光感以上视力，Ⅲ度破裂伤1／18保留光感视力。结论 打架斗殴是眼球破裂伤首要致伤因素，常见伤口位置是上方角膜缘，眼球破裂伤的预后和损伤程度密切相关。