Prevalence of overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity in Bangladeshi university students: A cross-sectional study

AimA sustained economic growth in Bangladesh leading to nutrition transition with negative impact on health followed to sedentary lifestyle, and obesity. Therefore, the study objective was to examine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity among Bangladeshi university students.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study in Bangladeshi university students was conducted in December 2016 to April 2017. Randomly selected participants, aged 18–25 years were analyzed from three specific universities as per gender variation. The height and waist-circumference were measured using measuring tape and weight by personal weight scale.ResultsTotal samples 500, 64.6% (n = 323) were males, 34.5% (n = 117) were females and mean age (standard deviation) was 21.76 (1.86) years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (14.86% vs. 11.86%) were significantly 1.29-fold higher in males than females (OR: 1.29, 95%CI: 0.75–2.25, p < 0.001). Mean waist-circumference was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in males than females, but the waist-to height ratio (WHtR) was higher in females than in males (p < 0.001).ConclusionWe conclude that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is significantly higher in male students than female university students of Bangladesh because of girls were so much concerned their physical appearance and wish a slim body than boys. However, future study and public health efforts are necessary to address complications of obesity problem and to promote active lifestyles.     

Effects of malnutrition on child survival in China as estimated by PROFILES

Objective To estimate the benefits of reductions in underweight and Vitamin A deficiency for child survival in China that might be expected as a result of lowering the prevalence of these conditions. Methods Profiles, a process of nutrition policy analysis was used to quantify the functional consequences of malnutrition in terms of child survival. Results Underweight The actual reduction in underweight between 1992 and 2001 (from 15.7% to the current 10.1%) resulted in saving of 176 000 child lives. As estimated, without improvements, 612 000 children will die due to underweight between 2001 and 2010, 281 000 (46%) of them living in western provinces. Reducing underweight prevalence from 10.1% to 8% could overall save 62 000 lives. The reduction of underweight prevalence in the west alone might save 56 000 lives. Vitamin A in China as a whole,vitamin A deficiency accounts, as estimated, for 7.5% of deaths of children 6-59 months old,representing 206 000 deaths over the past ten years. Halving the prevalence over the period would save 49 000 child lives. The higher prevalence and higher mortality rates in western provinces mean that even with only 28% of the Chinese population, over half of child deaths there are related to vitamin A.     

Effect of wealth,social inequality,Mother's BMI,and education level on child malnutrition in India

Background and aimsThe differences in prevalence of malnutrition are mostly on account of social factors. However, we did not find any published study that provided an estimate of proportion of stunting and underweight among under-5 children due to household economic conditions, social inequalities, mother's BMI and education level. Hence, study has taken to study the effect of household economic status, social inequality, mother's BMI and education on stunting and underweight among children under-5 years and its determinants.MethodsThe study used Kids file of NFHS-4 (2015–16), which comprised 259,627 children aged less than five years. This data was analysed by bivariate and Forward Logistic Regression techniques using M.S. Excel and IBM SPSS-22 version.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting and underweight children was significantly higher among those born to underweight mothers, poor households, working women, and women had a home delivery. It was also high among children of 4th or higher birth order, those from scheduled castes and tribes, born to illiterate women and those residing in rural. The odds of stunting (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 2.54–2.81) and underweight (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 2.60–2.88) were more than two times higher among children living in poor households than among those from rich households. Poor households account for about 40% of stunted and underweight children. Fifteen percent of stunted children and 26.9% of underweight were born to underweight mothers. Overall, 60% of stunted and 56.6% of underweight children had illiterate mothers.Conclusionschildren of illiterate and underweight mothers, socially deprived and economically poor groups are at a higher risk of being stunted and underweight. Hence, necessary health programmes are needed for improving nutritional status by giving special attention to illiterate, underweight mothers, socially deprived and economically poor groups.     

中国和国际标准用于评价中国3～6岁儿童营养状况的比较研究

目的 采用中国2005年标准、中国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)2000生长发育标准和世界卫生组织(WHO) 2006-07标准评价中国部分地区3～6岁儿童营养状况,比较中国和国际标准评估结果之异同. 方法 依据3个标准,描述河北、江苏、浙江21县(市)210 308名3～6岁儿童消瘦、生长迟缓、低体重和超重/肥胖的发生率.采用配对卡方检验,比较中国标准与WHO和CDC标准评价结果之差异;采用Kappa统计量,评价国内与国际标准评价结果的一致性. 结果 依据中国、CDC和WHO标准计算的消瘦率依次为2.1％、4.1％和1.5％,生长迟缓率为28.3％、11.5％和15.4％,低体重率为9.3％、6.9％和4.2％,超重/肥胖率为18.9％、14.3％和15.3％.依据中国标准计算的营养不良指标以及超重/肥胖的发生率均高于WHO标准;依据中国标准计算的低体重、生长迟缓以及超重/肥胖的发生率均高于CDC标准,但消瘦率低于CDC标准.中国标准与国际标准对各指标评价结果的Kappa值范围是0.5 ～0.9. 结论 中国标准计算的4项指标的发生率均高于WHO新标准;除消瘦外,其他3项指标的发生率均高于CDC标准.中国与国际标准对4项儿童营养指标评价结果的一致性强度属中等偏高.     

中国中西部农村3岁以下儿童营养状况及影响因素分析

为了解中西部农村地区儿童的营养状况,于2010年10-11月对新疆、山西、甘肃和青海4省(自治区)项目地区1241名3岁以下儿童的营养状况进行调查. 1.对象与方法:资料来源于卫生部-嘉道理慈善基金会"农村社区健康促进"项目(Ⅱ)2010年终线调查数据.采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,在4省(自治区)的16个项目县随机抽取42个项目乡镇,再采用单纯随机抽样方法从42个项目乡镇各抽取2个村,共调查84个村(新疆42个,山西18个,甘肃和青海各12个).检查各村3岁以下儿童的身高、体重、血红蛋白(Hb),不得少于15人;共调查有效样本儿童1241人.     

我国18～69岁居民体重自我评价与实测体质指数比较分析

目的了解我国18~69岁居民对自身体重的评价,并将自评体重与实测体质指数(BMI)值比较分析,探讨不同群体对自身体重的认知。方法利用2007年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测资料,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取18~69岁成年人44 521人,采用问卷调查和体格测量收集数据,比较不同群体对自身体重的认知。计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。结果样本人群自评体重偏瘦率、正常率和偏胖率分别为23.24%,52.09%和24.67%,并且存在着性别、年龄、文化程度和地区上的差异(P0.01)。居民自评体重与实测BMI值的一致率为54.40%,BMI偏低组、正常组和超重组的一致率分别为63.16%,58.69%和46.81%,3组一致率有随BMI增加而降低的趋势。其中BMI超重组一致率女性高于男性,城市高于农村,年龄越大一致率越低,文化程度越高一致率越高(P0.001)。结论不同群体对自身体重的认知存在差异,正确认识自身体重状况的健康教育及预防控制超重和肥胖的工作十分必要。     

A propensity-matched study of the association between pre-pregnancy maternal underweight and perinatal outcomes of singletons conceived through assisted reproductive technology

Research questionIs pre-pregnancy maternal underweight associated with perinatal outcomes of singletons who were conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART)?DesignA 10-year (2006–2015) Chinese sample of 6538 women and their singleton infants who were conceived through ART was used to examine the association between pre-pregnancy maternal underweight and perinatal outcomes. Propensity scores for underweight were calculated for each participant using multivariable logistic regression, which was used to match 740 (91.36% of 810) underweight women with 740 normal weight women; the effects of underweight on birth weight and gestational age were then assessed by generalized estimating equation model.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, the birth weight was lower (difference –136.83 g, 95% CI –184.11 to –89.55 g) in the underweight group than in the normal weight group. The risks of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) were increased in the underweight group compared with those in the normal weight group (LBW: RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.67; SGA: RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.02). The risks of fetal macrosomia and being large for gestational age (LGA) were decreased in the underweight group compared with those in the normal weight group (macrosomia: RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.61; LGA: RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.53). The associations between underweight, gestational age and preterm birth were not statistically significant.ConclusionsAmong women undergoing ART, pre-pregnancy maternal underweight was associated with lower birth weight, increased LBW and SGA risks, and decreased fetal macrosomia and LGA risks in singleton infants.     

西藏婴幼儿生长迟缓和低体重与海拔的关联——基于倾向性评分匹配分析

目的  西藏自治区(简称西藏)儿童生长发育状况整体不佳,其与中国和WHO的标准相比都有较大差距,本研究基于“西藏0~5岁儿童营养与健康调查”分析西藏婴幼儿生长迟缓和低体重发生率及其与海拔的关系。方法  采用分层、多阶段与规模大小成比例的抽样和整群抽样相结合的抽样方法,抽取0~3岁婴幼儿进行现场体格检查并对其监护人进行问卷调查,采用倾向性评分匹配的方法以均衡两个比较组之间的混杂因素。单因素logistic回归分析模型分析海拔与生长迟缓和低体重的关系。结果  西藏婴幼儿生长迟缓和低体重率分别为20.9%和8.7%。进行1∶1倾向性评分匹配后分别获得324对,共计648例匹配的样本,各混杂因素在比较组间达到均衡。匹配后,相对于居住较低海拔(＜4 000 m)的婴幼儿,居住高海拔(≥4 000 m)的婴幼儿生长迟缓和低体重风险的OR(95% CI)值分别为2.31(1.74~3.10)和1.95(1.27~3.09)。无论男女、家庭收入水平、是否为低出生体重,高海拔都会增加生长迟缓风险,而对低体重的影响只在男性、家庭收入水平较高、出生体重正常和足月生产的婴幼儿中的差异有统计学意义(均有P＜0.05)。结论  西藏婴幼儿生长发育水平低,居住高海拔对生长迟缓有较大影响。     

The associated risk factors for underweight and overweight high school students in Cambodia

Purpose

Overweight and underweight are one of the leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), but little research on this area has been undertaken in Cambodia. Therefore, this study aimed to measure underweight and overweight and their associated risk behaviors among Cambodian high school students.