高分辨率超声检测高血压和冠心病患者的动脉壁增厚及粥样硬化斑块

对２１例冠心病、２９例原发性高血压、２２例高血压并发冠心病及２２例正常人，作双侧颈总动脉、股动脉超声检查，探头的频率７．０ＭＨｚ，以动脉的内膜－中层厚度作为动脉壁的厚度，并检测动脉粥样硬化斑块的出现情况。结果显示各病例组所检测的指标均明显高于正常人组，高血压并发冠心病组高于高血压组和冠心病组。结论：动脉内膜－中层厚度值可反映动脉粥样硬化和高血压早期动脉病变，并可作为动脉粥样硬化晚期斑块大小的定量指标，高分辨率超声图像能为我们提供动脉壁病变的直接证据     

Fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica vaginalis testis: imaging appearance

Fibrous pseudotumor is a benign paratesticular tumor that typically presents as a painless mass of the hemiscrotum. Because this tumor can mimic a malignant process, it is usually not diagnosed preoperatively. We describe a case of fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica vaginalis, demonstrating the ultrasound and magnetic resonance image (MRI) appearance with pathologic correlation.The Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, DC, Clinical Investigation Program sponsored this report, #84-16-1968-486, as required by HSETCINST 6000.41A. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.     

Association between Serum Alkaline Phosphatase and Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Chinese Population: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study

Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and common carotid intima media thickness(IMT), carotid plaque, and extracranial carotid artery stenosis(ECAS). Methods A total of 3,237 participants aged ≥ 40 years were recruited from Jidong community in 2013-2014. Participants were divided into five quintile groups based on their serum ALP levels. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed using ultrasound. Abnormal IMT, carotid plaque, and ECAS were defined as IMT > 0.9 mm, IMT > 1.5 mm, and ≥ 50% stenosis in at least one extracranial carotid artery, respectively. Results Common carotid IMT values and the prevalence of carotid plaque increased across serum ALP quintiles. Higher ALP quintiles were correlated with an increased risk of abnormal IMT [fourth quintile: odds ratio(OR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.13-2.82, P = 0.0135;fifth quintile: OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.15-2.87, P = 0.0110] and ECAS compared to the lowest quintile(fifth quintile: OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.97, P = 0.0106). The association between ALP and prevalence of carotid plaque became insignificant after adjustment for confounders. Conclusion Serum ALP levels were independently associated with abnormal common carotid IMT and ECAS. These conclusions need to be further corroborated in future prospective cohort studies.     

Progression of carotid intima media thickness after radiotherapy: A long-term prospective cohort study

Background and purposeCarotid artery vasculopathy is a long-term complication of radiotherapy (RT) of the neck. We investigated the change in carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and the incidence of ischemic stroke in the first 7 years after radiotherapy (RT) of the neck.Materials and methodsA multicentre prospective cohort study among patients treated for Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) assessed carotid IMT at baseline (before RT) and after a median of 7 years follow-up. We also screened for cerebrovascular risk factors and events.Results48 patients underwent IMT measurement at baseline and follow-up (median age 61 years, range 29–87). Mean IMT of the irradiated common carotid arteries was 0.64 mm at baseline and 0.74 mm at follow-up (p = 0.002). Mean delta IMT in the irradiated and non-irradiated common carotid arteries were 0.11 and 0.02 mm (p = 0.03). Incidence rate of stroke in our cohort, compared to the Dutch population was 8.9 versus 1.5 per 1.000 person years.ConclusionsIMT in irradiated carotid arteries was significantly increased in the first 7 years after RT. The incidence rate of stroke was six fold increased. Patients treated with RT for HNC have sustained risk for developing atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries and future stroke.     

Antifibrotic Synergy Between Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulators in Peyronie's Disease Models

Background

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a fibrotic disorder of the penile tunica albuginea, characterised by the formation of a localised fibrous plaque that can lead to deformity and erectile dysfunction. Nonsurgical therapeutic options for PD are limited in efficacy and safety. Myofibroblasts are key cells in the pathogenesis of PD, and inhibition of myofibroblast transformation has been suggested as a therapeutic option.

去端肽胶原介导小干扰RNA抑制大鼠静脉移植物内膜增生

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of using small interfering RNA targeting TF as a therapy for vein graft failure. Methods External jugular vein to carotid artery interposition vein grafts, which were applied to a low flow condition, were made in 120 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 260 to 300 g. These rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, 30 rats each group. Group A was atelocollagen-TF Stealth<'TM> Select RNAi group. Group B was atelocollagen-TF Stealth<'TM> RNAi group. Group C was atelocollagen group. Group D was control group. Small interfering RNA mixed with atelocollagen was administrated to the external wall of grafted veins. The TF protein expression of vein gratis was analyzed by Western blot at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 d postoperatively, and by immunochemistry at 3 d postoperatively. The proliferation index was determined at 14 d postoperatively. Neointimal hyperplasia was evaluated at 28 d postoperatively. BLOCK-iTTM fluorescent oligo was used to confirm its stability and successful transfer into the vein graft wall at 3 and 7 d postoperatively for another group (n = 12). Results Fluorescence of BLOCK-iT<'TM> fluorescent align could be detected in the graft wall even at 7 d postoperatively. Knockdown of the TF expression was achieved by perivascular application of siRNA using atelocollagen. Compared with control group, the intima thickness at 28 d after grafting was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05). This phenomenon was preceded by significant reduction of cell proliferation in siRNA-treated grafts at 14 d postoperatively (P ＜0.05). Conclusion The expression of TF in vein grafts can be effectively inhibited by specific siRNAs using a atelocoilagen-based nonviral delivery approach/n vivo, so that the neointimal thickening can be prevented.     

老年人颈动脉中层内膜厚度与相关心血管因素的探讨

目的通过测定老年人颈动脉中层内膜厚度(IMT)及粥样斑块的程度,分析其与老年人性别,血压和高血压,脑梗死,糖尿病等相关心血管因素的关系。以期在亚临床血管病变阶段给予干预,减缓硬化的进程,减少心血管疾病的并发症。方法1.住院患者男女各100例,年龄60岁至92岁。经B超测定颈动脉IMT和粥样斑块程度,并分为颈动脉IMT正常组即对照组(A组),颈动脉IMT≤1.0mm;颈动脉IMT增厚组(B组),IMT厚度>1.0mm;颈动脉IMT增厚伴一支颈动脉粥样斑块形成组(C组);颈动脉IMT增厚伴二支颈动脉粥样斑块形成组(D组)进行性别比较。2.按病人不同疾病分为高血压病组,脑梗塞病组,糖尿病组,余病人为对照组,比较不同疾病在颈动脉硬化中的差异。3.高血压病人按颈动脉IMT正常为对照组,与颈动脉IMT增厚,粥样斑块形成组比较收缩压(SBP),舒张压(DBP),脉压(PP)了解血压与颈动脉硬化的关系。结果1.老年人颈动脉硬化程度在性别方面无差异。2.在高血压病组,脑梗死病组,糖尿病组与对照组颈动脉硬化程度比较中,高血压病组和脑梗死病组均有明显差异,分别P<0.05,P<0.001;而糖尿病组比较差异无统计学意义。3.在高血压病人中,颈动脉IMT增厚和粥样斑块形成者中的收缩压(SBP)脉压(PP)明显大于颈动脉IMT正常者,分别P<0.05,P<0.001;舒张压(DBP)比较两者无显     

早发心肌梗死患者健康子代血管结构和功能的无创检测

目的　探讨早发心肌梗死家族史对健康子代血管内皮依赖性舒张功能和颈动脉内中膜厚度的影响。方法　采用高分辨血管外超声技术 ,检测了 30例有早发心肌梗死家族史的健康子代和31例无心血管病家族史对照者的肱动脉在静息状态下、反应性充血及含服硝酸甘油后的内径变化以及颈动脉内中膜厚度。结果　发现有心肌梗死家族史组肱动脉血流介导性舒张功能 (FMD)较对照组明显减弱 (7 8%± 5 3%比 15 1%± 3 5 %,P <0 0 0 1) ,同时颈动脉内中膜厚度 (IMTc)较对照组明显增厚 [(0 5 3± 0 0 6 )mm比 (0 4 9± 0 0 5 )mm ,P <0 0 1) ],二组合并后直线相关分析发现FMD和IMTc呈负相关 (r= 0 5 45 ,P <0 0 1) ;多因素线性回归分析发现早发心肌梗死家族史是影响FMD和IMTc独立的危险因素 (β= 6 0 76 ,P <0 0 0 1;β =0 0 81,P <0 0 1)。 结论　早发心肌梗死患者健康子代存在血管早期的结构和功能的异常。     

缬沙坦涂层支架对实验兔血管局部内膜增生及血管紧张素Ⅱ2型受体表达的影响

目的评价缬沙坦涂层支架对血管新生内膜及其血管紧张素Ⅱ2型受体(AT2R)表达的影响,探讨缬沙坦涂层支架防治支架内再狭窄的效果及其可能机制。方法采用多层涂布技术制备缬沙坦涂层支架和载体涂层支架。依据腹主动脉置入支架的类型将15只新西兰大白兔分为裸支架组、载体涂层支架组及缬沙坦涂层支架组,每组5只。术前、术后即刻及支架置入3个月后分别行腹主动脉造影,使用定量冠状动脉造影(QCA)软件测量血管直径及其狭窄百分数。3个月后处死实验兔,将支架血管段切片行HE染色,分别测定并比较三组支架血管段的管腔面积、内外弹力膜围绕面积、新生内膜面积及最大内膜厚度;用免疫组化法检测AT2R蛋白质表达,用RT-PCR方法测定AT2RmRNA表达。结果裸支架组、载体涂层支架组、缬沙坦涂层支架组QCA测量的术前、术后即刻及3个月后支架血管段腹主动脉平均直径差异无统计学意义。裸支架组、载体涂层支架组与缬沙坦涂层支架组的平均管腔面积分别为4345548±125822μm2,4302061±167952μm2和5016269±207934μm2;平均新生内膜面积分别为1119635±163503μm2,1135636±136555μm2和441577±74099μm2;平均最大内膜厚度分别为210±30μm,192±21μm和116±12μm。缬沙坦涂层支架组管腔面积最大,最大内膜厚度、新生内膜面积最小。AT2RmRNA在各组都有表达,在缬沙坦涂层支架组显著高于另外两组。免疫组化可见AT2R蛋白的含量在各组具有相同的趋势。结论缬沙坦洗脱支架通过上调AT2R表达,抑制血管内膜增生,可能具有防治支架术后再狭窄的作用。