热断层成像技术用于乳腺癌裸鼠模型实验初探

目的探讨热断层成像技术(TTM)应用于乳腺癌裸鼠模型扫描的可行性。方法采用既往实验中用逆转录病毒介导RNA干扰的方法,已构建的能不同程度抑制人的乳腺癌细胞MCF7中LRP16基因表达的两株细胞pL374/MCF7(抑制率90%)和对照细胞系pGFPi/MCF7(阴性);选取BALB/c雌性裸小鼠共20只,随机分为两组,10只/组。分别接种pL374/MCF7及对照细胞系pLGFPi/MCF7。接种细胞6周后,用TTM观察裸鼠成瘤情况。将20只裸鼠处死,解剖观察,取形成的小结节和相应的肺组织进行HE染色。结果TTM值异常升高的裸鼠有13只。11只裸鼠有≤3mm小结节。HE结果显示,以上11只裸鼠体内形成的小结节为阳性肿瘤组织,4只肺部组织显示有阳性肿瘤细胞。TTM值异常升高与HE染色阳性高度相关。结论TTM技术可能在肿瘤的动物模型研究中发挥一定的作用。     

Prediction of perinatal outcome in preeclampsia using middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery pulsatility and resistance indices

Objective: In preeclampsia, changes in fetal hemodynamics can be detected 2–3 weeks earlier than any changes in cardiotocogram. Thus, these Doppler changes can be used to predict perinatal outcome. The present study is planned to assess the accuracy of the middle cerebral artery to umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in predicting adverse perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Methods: Total of 115 and 108 pregnant women were included in preeclampsia and control group, respectively. Weekly Doppler study was done in both groups starting from 30 weeks till 36 weeks or delivery, whichever is later. Results: Mean gestational age at delivery was 250 ± 13 and 273 ± 8 days, respectively, in preeclampsia and control group (p < 0.01). Thirty-four babies in preeclampsia group had been admitted to nursery; out of which three died (p < 0.01). On receiver operating characteristic analysis, MCA /UmA PI ratio and MCA /UmA RI ratio had sensitivity of 9% and 9.7% and specificity of 98% and 96.6%, respectively, for predicting adverse perinatal outcome. Conclusion: Doppler indices of MCA and Um A are significantly abnormal in preeclampsia. But on diagnostic statistical analysis they have good specificity but low sensitivity for detecting adverse perinatal outcome.     

超声弹性成像评估组织热消融范围的研究进展

肿瘤热消融技术是在现代影像学基础上诞生、发展的新技术。实时监测与术后即刻评估消融范围是保证治疗安全、取得良好疗效的关键。超声弹性成像作为一种新的超声组织定征技术,在肿瘤热疗监测方面正受到越来越多的关注。本文介绍了弹性成像在离体实验、动物实验、临床实验肿瘤热疗无创监测中的应用研究,概述了国内外研究现状,并讨论了弹性成像技术在肿瘤无创监测中的未来研究方向。     

基于 MRI 健康成人丘脑的形态测量

目的:探讨MRI丘脑与毗邻结构形态学变化规律和意义,为与丘脑形态改变相关的疾病提供线性测量指标方法:利用成人活体头部MRI扫描资料,观测丘脑及其毗邻结构,分析各线性指标与丘脑面积、丘脑体积的相关性。结果:在断层标本上采用单因素方差分析显示:丘脑矢径、丘脑宽、丘脑面积性差和侧差未见显著性差异;丘脑横径、丘脑长侧差未见显著性差异,但其性差差异性显著(P<0.05)。方差齐性检验后Pearson相关分析显示:丘脑长与壳横径、壳矢径、壳面积、尾状核头矢径成正相关,丘脑宽与尾状核头矢径负相关,丘脑矢径、丘脑长与侧脑室前角间距成负相关。在体积测量中标准化后各组样本采用单因素方差分析显示:丘脑体积、尾状核头横径、尾状核头矢径及壳矢径左、右侧差异显著(左侧>右侧,P<0.05),其余各数据无显著性差异。标准化后与丘脑体积相关程度最为密切的线性指标分别是丘脑横径、丘脑矢径、丘脑长、丘脑宽(正相关)。结论:丘脑毗邻结构参数与丘脑参数存在线性关系,其毗邻结构的形态变化可作为研究丘脑形态变化的参考指标,丘脑横径、丘脑矢径、丘脑长、丘脑宽可作为丘脑形态变化的初筛指标。     

Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Platelet Count and Plateletcrit (PCT) as predictors of in-hospital paediatric mortality: a case-control Study

BackgroundThrombocytopenia has been shown to predict mortality. We hypothesize that platelet indices may be more useful prognostic indicators. Our study subjects were children one month to 14 years old admitted to our hospital.AimTo determine whether platelet count, plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) and their ratios can predict mortality in hospitalised children.MethodsChildren who died during hospital stay were the cases. Controls were age matched children admitted contemporaneously. The first blood sample after admission was used for analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the best threshold for measured variables and the ratios studied. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify independent predictors of mortality.ResultsForty cases and forty controls were studied. Platelet count, PCT and the ratios of MPV/Platelet count, MPV/PCT, PDW/Platelet count, PDW/PCT and MPV × PDW/Platelet count × PCT were significantly different among children who survived compared to those who died. On multiple regression analysis the ratio of MPV/PCT, PDW/Platelet count and MPV/Platelet count were risk factors for mortality with an odds ratio of 4.31(95% CI, 1.69–10.99), 3.86 (95% CI, 1.53–9.75), 3.45 (95% CI, 1.38–8.64) respectively. In 67% of the patients who died MPV/PCT ratio was above 41.8 and PDW/Platelet count was above 3.86. In 65% of patients who died MPV/Platelet count was above 3.45.ConclusionThe MPV/PCT, PDW/Platelet count and MPV/Platelet count, in the first sample after admission in this case control study were predictors of mortality and could predict 65% to 67% of deaths accurately.     

Valorisation of chicken feathers: Characterisation of thermal,mechanical and electrical properties

Increasing consumption of chicken results in generation of large amounts of wastes that need to be disposed of properly. Chicken feathers constitute about 5–10% of the weight of the chicken and thus they comprise a significant portion of the poultry wastes. Disposal of waste chicken feathers is problematic in that they do not readily degrade after landfilling, there is increasing shortage of landfill space, and they are contaminated with microbial biomass that makes them hazardous waste. Feathers contain ~91% keratin protein and thus, potentially, feathers can be beneficiated into high-value compounds or products comprised of keratin proteins or keratin fibres. Thus, valorisation of feathers could be a viable option for sustainable disposal of the waste. Characterisation of physicochemical properties of the chicken feather is an essential step to identifying possible avenues for valorisation of this waste biomass. While chemical, physical and morphological properties of chicken feathers and related potential valorisation routes have described by the authors, identification of their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties have not been reported and this information is necessary to have a complete and comprehensive characterisation of waste chicken feathers. Hence, in this research, the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of feathers were determined and evaluated to ascertain suitability of the feathers for production of high-value materials. The feathers and fractions thereof were characterised by TGA/DSC, Instron (material and structural testing), Dynamic Mechanical Analyser, and a two-probe measurement of resistivity instrument. Under heated conditions, the TGA of chicken feathers confirmed the occurrence of three zones of weight loss. The TGA/DSC results revealed a glass transition temperature around 67 °C and a melting temperature ~230 °C in the crystalline phase. The tenacity of chicken feather barbs at maximum load was ~16.93 cN/tex. The results from electrical properties indicated that chicken feather fractions have low conductivity. Overall, the results indicate that chicken feathers have potential to be used in a variety of applications such as electrical insulator materials, yarn production for use in textiles, nonwoven fabric production, filler for winter clothing, geotextile and construction materials.     

新型网织红细胞参数在缺铁性贫血疗效观察中的应用

目的　观察网织红细胞绝对数 (RET #)、网织红细胞内血红蛋白量 (CHr)、平均网织红细胞体积 (MCVr)及网织红细胞内血红蛋白浓度 (CHCMr)等网红参数在缺铁性贫血 (IDA)患者铁剂治疗中的动态变化 ,确定骨髓对铁剂治疗反应的早期指标。方法　用Advia 12 0血细胞分析仪对 13例缺铁性贫血患者在治疗过程中网红参数的变化进行了动态观察。结果　缺铁性贫血患者在铁剂治疗后 ,网红参数RET #、CHr、MCVr于第 4天明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ,第七天恢复正常 ;血红蛋白于第 14天明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ,第 2 8天恢复正常 ;CH、MCV、CHCM于第 2 8天明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ,第 4 9天后恢复正常 ;RDW于第 7天明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ,14天后又逐渐降低 ,第 12 0天恢复正常。结论　网红参数RET #、CHr、MCVr可作为评价缺铁性贫血患者铁剂治疗后骨髓对治疗反应最敏感的指标     

The Lindblom roller.

Neuropathic pain is caused by injury of the peripheral or central nervous system. The neurological examination of the sensory system in neuropathic pain patients guides the anatomical localization of the injury. Among the sensory modalities to be tested, priority should be given to those subserved by small peripheral sensory fibers or by the spinothalamic tract that most commonly are abnormal in neuropathic pain patients. Testing of cold and warm perception was traditionally carried out in the clinic using tubes filled with water at different temperatures, a cumbersome method that has limited the routine examination of these sensory modalities. The Lindblom roller offers a practical and effective method of readily testing temperature perception and is among the best available clinical tools for delineating the anatomical boundaries of a sensory abnormality. Routinely use of the Lindblom roller shall be standard bedside clinical assessment of neuropathic pain patients. To exemplify this statement we describe two patients affected by complex and fluctuating painful sensory abnormalities caused by an extradural mass compressing the spinal cord. The level of the injury was readily localized with a roller kept at room temperature.     

热消融治疗甲状腺乳头状癌的有效性评估

目的通过对甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）热消融后复发再手术病例进行分析,探讨热消融是否能用于可手术的PTC患者。 方法回顾性分析2015年5月至2019年8月间青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院甲状腺外科热消融治疗后再手术的23例患者资料。所有患者在外院行热消融治疗前均行甲状腺细针穿刺（FNA）,20例穿刺病理为PTC,3例不除外PTC可能。15例行甲状腺癌根治术,1例行侧颈部淋巴结改良根治术,7例患者因存在复发结节压迫症状,行甲状腺腺叶切除术。 结果再手术后石蜡病理示,56.52%（13/23）见癌细胞,43.47%（10/23）未查见癌细胞,30.43%（7/23）见中央区淋巴结转移。2例消融对侧发现新发甲状腺结节,术后石蜡病理证实为PTC。 结论热消融治疗PTC无法彻底处理原发灶,达不到根治效果。对于可行手术治疗的PTC患者,不建议热消融治疗。