Use of an aortic connector system for vein grafting

OBJECTIVE: The aortic connector system was used to minimize cerebrovascular complications when performing the proximal anastomosis of vein grafts during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The goal of this study was to investigate the intermediate outcomes of patients undergoing CABG with the aortic connector system. METHODS: The aortic connector was used on nine patients undergoing CABG between November 2002 and July 2003. Intermediate outcomes of the patients were examined, and the results of coronary angiography, which were performed before patient discharge and at least 6 months after discharge, were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no operative deaths or cerebrovascular accidents. One patient died 9 months after discharge, one patient had angina, and the remaining seven patients were asymptomatic. When evaluating the results of angiography performed before patient discharge, two of the 21 distal vein graft anastomoses were occluded (patency rate, 90.5%), but there was no stenosis or occlusion at the proximal anastomoses sites that were performed using the aortic connector. When evaluating the results of the second angiography performed after patient discharge, four of the eight proximal anastomoses were patent, one was completely occluded, two had 90% stenosis and one had 75% stenosis. Further, four of the 18 distal anastomoses were occluded (patency rate, 77.8%). There was no significant difference in graft flow or device size when comparing patients with patent vein grafts and those with stenotic or occluded vein grafts. CONCLUSION: Intermediate outcomes of vein grafting using the aortic connector were suboptimal. Long-term outcome data are forthcoming.     

主动脉内球囊反搏在低射血分数患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用的必要性探讨

目的探讨对低射血分数患者施行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, OPCAB)预防性应用主动脉内球囊反搏(intraaortic balloon pump, IABP)辅助的必要性. 方法 2001 年1 月～2004年10月对64例低射血分数(LVEF≤40%)施行OPCAB,将64例分为2组:术前或术中预防性应用IABP辅助者列为IABP组,共19例;未应用IABP者列为对照组,共45例. 结果 IABP组与对照组在术后并发症手术死亡、脑血管意外、肾功能衰竭衰血滤、围手术期心肌梗死等方面无显著差异(χ2=0.000,P=1.000).IABP组术后需要延长呼吸机带机时间(超过24 h)的比例显著高于对照组(IABP组8例,对照组3例; χ2=9.429,P=0.002);IABP组术后监护时间延长(超过48 h)的比例显著高于对照组(IABP组14例,对照组19例; χ2=4.110,P=0.043). 结论在无IABP辅助的情况下,为低射血分数患者实施OPCAB手术是可行的.     

椎弓根固定结合椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨椎弓根固定结合经椎弓根椎体内植骨行椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效。方法采用椎管环形减压、短节段椎弓根螺钉系统固定结合经椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折116例,其中93例获得随访。术前及术后随访行X线和CT检查,测量伤椎椎体中央高度值,比较植骨后椎体高度的恢复程度,同时观察植骨融合情况。采用配对t检验方法进行统计学分析。结果93例患者术后平均随访24.2个月,90%以上患者伤椎椎体高度恢复并维持良好,无塌陷。伤椎椎体中央高度值犤T12(3.14±0.41)cm,L1(3.33±0.34)cm犦与正常值犤(T12(3.26±0.38)cm,L1(3.47±0.61)cm)犦比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。未出现植骨操作引起的神经血管并发症。CT显示椎体内植骨块边缘模糊,融合良好,植骨块无吸收现象。结论后路椎管环形减压及内固定时,经伤椎椎弓根进行椎体内植骨行椎体成形术可恢复伤椎椎体高度,重建前、中柱的稳定性,预防术后椎体塌陷的发生。     

External fixation and bone grafting for collapsed and comminuted distal radius fracture

Unstableandcomminutedfractureofthedistalpartoftheradiusremainsachallengingproblem.Thisfracturethatcausedbyhighenergyinjuryisveryunstable,andthereductionandfixationareverydifficult.Inrecentyears,manydifferentexternal fixationdeviceshavebeendevelopedandused.1 4They cankeepthepositionafterreductionwithgood functionalresults.Butforseverecollapsedcases,the bonedefectmayleadtoreductionandfixationfailure orprolongthefracturehealingtime.Thesefinally resultinwristswelling,progressivejointstiffnessand …     

Aprotinin in cardiac surgery patients: is the risk worth the benefit?

Background: Aprotinin is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved agent to reduce haemorrhage related to cardiac surgery and its safety and efficacy has been extensively studied. Our study sought to compare the efficacy, early and late mortality and major morbidity associated with aprotinin compared with e-aminocaproic acid (EACA) in cardiac surgery operations. Methods: Between January 2002 and December 2006, 2101 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve surgery or CABG and valve surgery in our institution with the use of aprotinin (1898 patients) or EACA (203 patients). Logistic regression and propensity score analysis were used to adjust for imbalances in the patients’ preoperative characteristics. The propensity score-adjusted sample included 570 patients who received aprotinin and 114 who received EACA (1–5 matching). Results: Operative mortality was higher in the aprotinin group in univariate (aprotinin 4.3% vs EACA 1%, p = 0.023) but not propensity score-adjusted multivariate analysis (4% vs 0.9%, p = 0.16). In propensity score-adjusted analysis, aprotinin was also associated with a lower rate of blood transfusion (38.8% vs 50%, p = 0.04), a lower rate of haemorrhage-related re-exploration (3.7% vs 7.9%, p = 0.04) and a higher risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest (3.7% vs 0%, p = 0.03) and a marginally but not statistically significantly higher risk of acute renal failure (6.8% vs 2.6%, p = 0.09). In Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the risk of late death was higher in the aprotinin compared to EACA group (hazard ratio = 4.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60–11.67, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Aprotinin decreases the rate of postoperative blood transfusion and haemorrhage-related re-exploration, but increases the risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest and late mortality after cardiac surgery when compared to EACA. Cumulative evidence suggests that the risk associated with aprotinin may not be worth the haemostatic benefit.     

The effects of topical epinephrine on haemodynamics and markers of tissue perfusion in burned and non-burned patients requiring skin grafting

Objective

To compare the systemic effects in burn and non-burn patients undergoing skin grafting with or without the use of topical epinephrine to control bleeding.

Background

The effects of topical epinephrine on haemodynamics and bleeding are principally documented with burn patients. No reports are available on the effects of topical epinephrine on non-burn patients especially on markers of tissue perfusion.

Material and methods

A prospective study where topical epinephrine was used on burn and non-burn patients and five patients served as controls without epinephrine usage. Catecholamine concentrations were measured and to estimate the systemic effects of epinephrine, serum lactate and pyruvate concentrations were analyzed and perioperative haemodynamic changes recorded.

Results

Compared to the baseline values, there was a significant increase in the heart rate, serum epinephrine and lactate concentrations and LP-ratios in the burn patients and an increase in the epinephrine concentrations in the non-burn patients at 1 and 2 h. Epinephrine and lactate concentrations and LP-ratios were also higher in the burn patients compared to the other groups. Altogether, there were no changes in the control group.

Conclusion

This study showed that the use of topical epinephrine has systemic effects on haemodynamics and serum epinephrine concentrations. Increased epinephrine concentrations in burn patients suggest increased absorption properties in these patients. The increased lactate concentrations and LP-ratios suggest tissue ischaemia, likely in skin.     

体外循环和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后心肌梗死发生率的Meta分析

目的 使用Meta分析比较常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)术后心肌梗死发生率的差异.方法 在 Medline、SCI、Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验注册库(CENTRAL)和中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(CBMdisc)检索中文和英文的相天随机对照临床试验,并检索相关文献的参考文献,检索时间截止至2009年1月.根据严格的纳入和排除标准,两名评价员独立地筛选文献,并按照Cochrane系统评价员手册5.0.0版所建议的评价方法 对纳入临床试验进行质量评价,最后将提取的资料用RevMan 5软件进行数据处理和分析.结果 共纳入22个试验进行Meta分析,OPCAB组共纳入1494例病人,心肌梗死总发生率为2.81%;CCABG组共1512例,心肌梗死总发生率为3.57%.Meta分析结果 显示OPCAB和CCABG术后心肌梗死发生率的差异尤统计学意义(OR=0.80,95%CI=0.54～1.20,P=0.28).结论 依据现有的随机对照试验进行Meta分析结果 显示,OPCAB和CCABG术后心肌梗死发生率的差异无统计学意义.