非小细胞肺癌患者数据库的设计与建立

利用C#2008与Access,2007进行非小细胞肺癌患者数据库的设计与开发.阐明数据库构建软件选择以及底层设计,具体介绍数据库功能模块,包括登录模块、基本情况表、病理情况表、治疗情况表等,指出利用该系统可以方便地进行信息录入,为后期统计分析提供完整准确的原始数据记录.     

Acquired amyloid neuropathy in a Portuguese patient after domino liver transplantation

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a progressive neuropathy with autonomic dysfunction. Domino liver transplantation (DLT), in which the liver of an FAP patient is transplanted into another patient, is routinely applied to compensate for the shortage of available organs. We report a patient who developed a clinical picture of FAP 9 years after a DLT from an FAP donor. Electrophysiological, neuropathological, and autonomic tests were administered. The patient presented with typical clinical features of FAP. Electrophysiological investigation confirmed a moderate sensorimotor axonal and autonomic neuropathy. Sural nerve biopsy confirmed the presence of amyloid deposits in the endoneurium. Skin biopsy at the ankle showed reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Our report shows that FAP can develop in a recipient of an FAP liver. This suggests that careful longitudinal study is required to evaluate the risk of FAP polyneuropathy in patients who undergo domino liver transplantation.     

Neuroprotective mechanism conferred by 17beta-estradiol on the biochemical basis of Alzheimer's disease

Estrogen (17β-estradiol) plays key regulatory roles in a variety of physiological and biological processes. Several lines of evidence also support its role as a protective factor in Alzheimer's disease; however, the basis of this effect is unclear. Here we show that an early-onset Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model expressing the double-mutant form of human amyloid precursor protein (APP); Swedish (K670N/M671L) and Indiana (V717F) undergoing treatment with 17β-estradiol show significantly lower levels of APP processing through beta-secretase and enhanced alpha-secretase processing resulting in marked reductions of APP-CTFbeta, Abeta42 and plaque burden, along with increased levels of the non-amyloidogenic sAPPalpha. Moreover, 17β-estradiol resulted in elevated brain levels of transthyretin, which inhibits aggregation of Abeta into plaques; though the insulin-degrading enzyme, which breaks down Abeta, was significantly reduced. These results illustrate a multifaceted effect of 17β-estradiol on the biochemical basis of Alzheimer's disease, through effects on APP processing, Abeta levels and factors that affect its clearance and aggregation. Overall, these results support the need for further long-term longitudinal studies to elucidate consequences of menopause as well as hormone therapy on Alzheimer's disease, and explore its potential as a therapeutic avenue for the disease.     

Frequency of the transthyretin Val30Met mutation in the northern Swedish population

Abstract

By genotyping a large number of samples from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study cohort, a carrier frequency could be determined for the Skellefteå and Lycksele populations. A previous study of the amyloidogenic transthyretin mutation TTRV30M in Northern Sweden’s endemic area has shown a large variation in carrier frequency and penetrance of the trait within the area. However, the estimations have been based on a small sample size within the different regions in the area and therefore, the wide variation in TTRV30M carrier frequency observed between the Lycksele and Skellefteå populations are uncertain. Based on a total of 3460 samples, the estimated overall carrier frequency in the two regions was 1.82% with a carrier frequency in the Skellefteå and Lycksele population of 1.63% and 2.02%, respectively. Thus, the previously reported extremely high frequency in the Lycksele region compared to that of the Skellefteå region could not be substantiated. However, it does not change the previous finding of a surprisingly higher carrier frequency in the population from endemic area of Northern Sweden compared to that reported from endemic areas in Portugal.     

滚动轴承清洁度——环保新方法

随着轴承技术的进步,人们对轴承应用和轴承本身的要求越来越严格,比如越来越高的节能和清洁度要求。本文将论述轴承清洁度问题,根据ISO 281:2007,清洁度是影响轴承寿命的一项关键因素,提高清洁度可以延长轴承的使用寿命,尤其是在真空泵、压缩机、医疗设备等高科技应用领域。     

Methodology for assigning appropriate glycaemic index values to an Australian food composition database

We aimed to produce an updated Australian glycaemic index (GI) database based on a systematic method. GI values were assigned to the 3871 unique foods in an Australian food composition database. Following the method, 1124 (29%) foods had less than 2.5 g of available carbohydrates per 100 g and were assigned a GI of 0, and 416 (11%) foods had a direct match in one of the three data tables used. The GI value of a ‘closely related’ food was assigned to 1793 (46%) foods; 135 foods (3%) had their GI values calculated using the weighted average GI method; 391 (10%) foods were assigned the median GI of their corresponding food subgroup, and 12 (<1%) foods were assigned a GI of 0 because they were not significant sources of carbohydrates in a typical diet. For the 3634 foods which received a GI value in the 2009 assignment, 1954 (53.8%) had an updated GI value, and the mean ± SD difference between the 2009 and current assigned values was +3.0 ± 16.0 units (paired sample t-test p < 0.001). Acknowledging some limitations, this database will enhance the utility of the GI concept in research and clinical settings in Australia (199 words).     

Heart Transplantation for Homozygous Familial Transthyretin (TTR) V122I Cardiac Amyloidosis

Heart failure is the usual cause of death in patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy. The commonest form of hereditary cardiac amyloidosis is associated with the Val122Ile variant of transthyretin (TTR), which is carried by 3–4% of the African American population. Here, we report the outcome of the first cardiac transplantation in a patient with TTR V122I. A 59-year-old Caribbean man presented with biventricular failure. Other than previous bilateral carpel tunnel syndrome, he had been well and had no evidence of extracardiac amyloidosis. An endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated amyloid of TTR type. Sequencing of TTR gene indicated homozygosity for V122I. He underwent cardiac transplantation and 3 years later, remains well with no evidence of allograft or systemic amyloid deposition.     

3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine-like activity in effluents from domestic sewage treatment plants detected by in vitro and in vivo bioassays

Thyroid system-disrupting activity in effluents from municipal domestic sewage treatment plants was detected using three in vitro assays and one in vivo assay. Contaminants in the effluents were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and eluted stepwise with different organic solvents. The majority of the thyroid system-disrupting activity was detected in the dichloromethane/methanol (1/1) fraction after SPE in all three in vitro assays: competitive assays of 3,3',5-[(125)I]triiodo-L-thyronine ([(125)I]T(3)) binding to the plasma protein transthyretin (TTR assay) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR assay) and T(3)-dependent luciferase assay (Luc assay). Subsequent reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of the dichloromethane/methanol (1/1) fraction separated contaminants potent in the TR and Luc assays from those potent in the TTR assay. The contaminants potent in the TR and Luc assays were also potent in an in vivo short-term gene expression assay in Xenopus laevis (Tadpole assay). The present study demonstrated that the effluents from domestic sewage treatment plants contain contaminants with T(3)-like activity of approximately 10(-10) M T(3)-equivalent concentration (T(3)EQ) and that the TR and Luc assays are powerful in vitro bioassays for detecting thyroid system-disrupting activity in effluents. The availability and applicability of these bioassays for screening contaminants with thyroid system-disrupting activity in the water environment are discussed.     

神经母细胞瘤患儿N-myc基因拷贝数及其临床意义的分析

本研究分析神经母细胞瘤(NB)患儿肿瘤或骨髓组织N-myc基因拷贝数与不同临床分期、病理类型及肿瘤生物因子水平的关系,探讨化疗对其表达的影响,以进一步了解N-myc基因与NB患儿预后的相关性。选择2007年3月1日-2011年1月31日在我院确诊的58例NB患儿纳入本研究,规范应用BCH-NB-2007方案治疗,随访至2012年1月31日。对NB患儿进行了肿瘤或骨髓组织N-my基因的FISH检测。根据基因拷贝数将患儿分成3组:A组为目标基因拷贝数等于2号染色体拷贝数,即≤2为阴性;B组为拷贝数3-9,为基因获得;C组为拷贝数为2号染色体的5倍或以上,即≥10为基因扩增。结果表明,58例NB患儿中男36例,女22例,年龄6.5-138个月(中位年龄47.5个月),随访时间11-57个月(中位随访时间31.5个月)。INSSⅠ-Ⅳ期分别为1、5、8和44例。肿瘤原发于中后纵隔25例,腹膜后肾上腺和盆腔区域33例,其中3例伴有后纵隔病变。骨骼转移35例(60.3%)。骨髓转移32例(55%)。病理诊断为节母细胞瘤17例,NB分化型15例,分化差或未分化型7例,15例为NB化疗后改变,其余4例仅做了骨髓活检,均为NB骨髓转移。FISH检测N-myc基因的结果显示:A组11例,B组43例,其中拷贝数3-4者22例;5-9者21例,C组4例。58例患儿N-myc基因拷贝数平均为5.96±7.81,其中28例为化疗前病理标本(未化疗组),平均拷贝数为4.00±1.88,30例为化疗4-5疗程后的病理标本(化疗组),平均拷贝数为7.80±10.46,2组比较无明显差异(P=0.064)。N-myc基因与诊断初血清LDH水平明显相关(P<0.01),而与尿VMA、血清神经元特异烯醇化酶测定值无明显相关(P=0.47和0.40)。不同临床分期、原发瘤灶部位及病理类型与N-myc基因拷贝数均无明显关系(P值分别为0.46,0.25,0.09)。采用Kaplan-Meier进行单因素生存分析显示,N-myc基因拷贝数与患儿预后关系密切,基因拷贝数越高预后越差,其中4例N-myc基因扩增患儿预后最差,其次为基因获得的患儿。结论:N-myc基因拷贝数与肿瘤的生长和不良预后有密切的关系,以N-myc基因扩增者预后最差。因此,定量检测N-myc拷贝数,对于制定治疗方案及预后判定有一定临床价值。此外,肿瘤组织N-myc基因拷贝数与血清LDH水平有相关性,说明该基因的表达与血清LDH水平均可反映NB的疾病进程。     

Advanced glycation end product in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP)

Abstract. Nyhlin N, Ando Y, Nagai R, Suhr O, El Sahly M, Terazaki H, Yamashita T, Ando M, Horiuchi S (Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden and Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan). Advanced glycation end product in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). J Intern Med 2000; 247 : 485–492. Objectives. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are present in amyloid deposits in β₂‐microglobulin amyloidosis, and it has been postulated that glycation of β₂‐microglobulin may be involved in fibril formation. The aim of this paper was to ascertain whether AGE occur in amyloid deposits in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). Setting. Department of Medicine, Umeå University Hospital and First Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine. Design. The presence of AGE was sought immunohistochemically and biochemically in amyloid‐rich tissues from patients with FAP. Subjects. Biopsy specimens from nine patients and 10 controls were used for the immunohistochemical analysis. For amyloid preparation, vitreous samples from three FAP patients were used. Results. Immunohistochemical studies using a polyclonal anti‐AGE antibody revealed positive immunoreactivity in intestinal materials, but the pattern of reactivity was unevenly distributed; it was often present in the border of amyloid deposits, or surrounding them. Non‐amyloid associated immunoreactivity was also observed in a few regions of the specimens, although the AGE‐positive structures were situated in areas containing amyloid deposits. Western blotting of purified amyloid from the vitreous body of FAP patients revealed a significant association of AGE with amyloid fibrils. Conclusion. The immunoreactivity for the AGE antibody suggests that AGE may be involved in fibril formation in FAP.