Comparison of the Effectiveness of Simple Plate Fixation and Plate Combined with Local Fixation of Broken Ends in the Treatment of Oblique Fracture of Midshaft Clavicle

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of performing simple plate fixation with that using a plate combined with fracture end fixation to investigate the necessity of fracture end fixation outside the plate in cases of oblique fracture of the middle clavicle.MethodsThis was a retrospective follow‐up study of patients with middle clavicle oblique fractures (Robinson types 2A1 and 2A2) between 2015 and 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to their treatment options: the simple plate fixation (SPF) group (n = 79; 43 men and 36 women; average age, 46.37 ± 14.54 years) and the plate combined with fracture local fixation (PLFP) group (n = 81; 36 men and 45 women; average age, 48.42 ± 12.55 years). Intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative fracture healing time, postoperative shoulder function score (Constant–Murley and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand [DASH] scores), clinical complications, and postoperative subjective satisfaction were compared between the two groups.ResultsOne hundred sixty patients with a sufficient follow‐up period were included in the final analysis: 79 in the SPF group (follow‐up time: 16.24 ± 3.94 months) and 81 in the PLFP group (follow‐up time: 16.15 ± 3.43 months). Age, sex, body mass index, follow‐up duration, fracture classification, and cause of injury were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in blood loss, Constant–Murley and DASH scores, follow‐up period, and postoperative subjective satisfaction between the two groups (P > 0.05). The fracture healing time was shorter in the PLFP group than in the SPF group (4.41 ± 0.99 vs. 4.87 ± 1.60 months, P < 0.05), but the operation duration was longer in the PLFP group than in the SPF group (65.48 ± 16.48 min, P < 0.05). There were seven (complication rate, 8.86%) and five (complication rate, 6.17%) cases that had complications in the SPF and PLFP groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the complication rates between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionAlthough the healing time was shorter in the PLFP group than in the SPF group, the clinical efficiency of the two methods in the treatment of oblique fracture of the middle clavicle was similar.     

TP53 variants in p53 signatures and the clonality of STICs in RRSO samples

ObjectivePrecursor lesions may be identified in fallopian tube tissue after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in patients with pathogenic variants of BRCA1/2. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is considered a precursor of high-grade serous carcinoma, whereas the significance of the p53 signature remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the p53 signature and the risk of ovarian cancer.MethodsWe analyzed the clinicopathological findings and conducted DNA sequencing for TP53 variants of p53 signatures and STIC lesions isolated using laser capture microdissection in 13 patients with pathogenic variants of BRCA1/2 who underwent RRSO and 17 control patients with the benign gynecologic disease.Results TP53 pathogenic variants were detected significantly higher in RRSO group than control (p<0.001). No difference in the frequency of p53 signatures were observed between groups (53.8% vs 29.4%; p=0.17). TP53 sequencing and next-generation sequencing analysis in a patient with STIC and occult cancer revealed 2 TP53 mutations causing different p53 staining for STICs and another TP53 mutation shared between STIC and occult cancer.ConclusionThe sequence analysis for TP53 revealed 2 types of p53 signatures, one with a risk of progression to STIC and ovarian cancer with pathological variants in TP53 and the other with a low risk of progression without pathological variants in TP53 as seen in control.     

Evolution of thrombolytic therapy in patients with HeartWare ventricular assist device thrombosis: a single-institutional experience

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESPump thrombosis remains a major challenge in heart failure patients with left ventricular HeartWare assist device. Current International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation recommendations favour surgical pump exchange over lysis because safety and efficacy of lysis has been controversially reported. This study summarizes our experience on our HeartWare thrombosis prevention strategy as well as thrombolysis through implementation of our institutional standardized HeartWare assist device protocol.METHODSOutcomes of all HeartWare thrombosis patients admitted between 2010 and 2020 were analysed. Thrombolysis therapy using tissue plasminogen activator was used as the first-line therapy in this study and thrombolysis therapy efficacy was defined as freedom from stroke, bleeding, recurrent HeartWare assist device thrombosis or surgical device exchange within 30 days after lysis application.RESULTSA total of 507 patients have been included in this study and 66 patients (13%) collectively developed a first HeartWare-thrombosis after a median of 12 months (8–22 months) after HeartWare implantation. Forty patients were treated with unstandardized lysis, of whom 7 patients had thrombolysis associated complications, such as incomplete thrombus resolution requiring surgical pump exchange in 4 patients, but also intracranial haemorrhage occurring in 3 patients. Three patients died in the non-protocol group. Eight device thrombosis patients were treated according to our protocol, showing no lysis-associated complication.CONCLUSIONSDespite current recommendations, preferring surgical HeartWare pump exchange in thrombosis, thrombolysis therapy for first HeartWare thrombosis can be safe and effective in a standardized protocol setting, including anticoagulation adjustment and intensified blood pressure control management.     

扁桃体下极被膜保留的扁桃体切除术在儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停治疗中的应用

目的 观察扁桃体下极被膜保留的扁桃体切除术在儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)中的可行性及优势。方法 将2018年8月—2019年12月行扁桃体下极被膜保留扁桃体切除术(91例)与2017年1月—2018年7月行传统扁桃体切除术(100例)治疗儿童OSA患者的临床资料进行回顾性对比分析。比较两组手术时间、术中出血、术后疼痛评分、术后并发症、随访1年的情况。结果 两组手术时间及术中出血无明显差异,下极被膜保留组术后第1天、第3天疼痛评分显著低于传统手术组(P＜0.05)。术后出血率传统手术组(7/100,7％)高于下极被膜保留组(2/91,2.19％)(P＜0.05)。术后随访1年,两组均未出现局部感染及再发扁桃体肥大情况。结论 扁桃体下极被膜保留的扁桃体切除术是儿童OSA的一种安全可行的手术方式,可以有效降低术后出血风险及术后疼痛。     

鞍侧腔外侧壁手术切开的应用解剖学研究

目的为经鞍侧腔(LSC)外侧壁手术切开提供解剖学基础。方法对15例(30侧)成人头颅标本的LSC外侧壁进行解剖观测。结果①硬膜内途径沿前岩床皱襞分离LSC外侧壁脑膜时却可将LSC外侧壁明确的分为3层;②动眼神经鞘膜袋前部深(4.69±1.31)mm,后部深(6.50±1.58)mm;③滑车神经LSC段可分为4型:近眼神经型30%(9侧)、近动眼神经型33.3%(10侧)、"S"型10%(3侧)、直型26.7%(8侧)。结论熟悉LSC外侧壁膜层次、动眼神经鞘膜袋及滑车神经走行特点,有助于减少或避免LSC外侧壁手术切开的并发症,有助于扩大手术显露。     

112例髋臼骨折手术治疗结果分析

目的：通过对髋臼骨折手术治疗结果的分析和总结，以期进一步提高其治疗效果。方法：112例髋臼骨折患者，男94例，女18例，平均年龄37．6岁。均按Letournel和Judet的髋臼骨折分类法进行分型；所有新鲜骨折受伤距手术的平均时间为9.5d，常用手术入路为Kocher-Langenbeck入路，髋腹股沟入路和前后联合入路，采用专有器械及骨盆重建和螺丝钉对骨折进行复位和固定。结果：平均随访时间为45．7个月（6－93个月），根据改良的Merle d‘Aubigne和Postel的髋臼骨折临床结果评分标准，本组优35例，良47例，一般18例，差12例，优良率为73．2％。股骨头坏死8例，无一例死亡，感染及不愈合。结论：及时手术，解剖复位，早期功能锻炼，术者的经验以及对合并损佃的积极治疗是获得良好临床结果的关键。     

达芬奇机器人与开放性手术在肿瘤直径大于1 cm甲状腺癌中的对照研究

目的探讨达芬奇机器人下甲状腺全切＋中央区＋颈侧区淋巴结清扫治疗肿瘤直径>1 cm乳头状甲状腺癌的可行性、有效性及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2014年2月至2018年6月在解放军第九六〇医院甲状腺乳腺外科接受达芬奇机器人腋乳入路甲状腺全切＋中央区＋单侧颈侧区淋巴结清扫术的81例乳头状非微小癌患者(机器人组)的临床资料,与同期接受传统开放手术的87例乳头状非微小癌患者(开放组)进行比较。采用统计学检验比较两组的手术时间、清扫中央区和单侧颈侧区淋巴结数目、术中出血量、住院时间、术后引流量、术后美容效果及手术并发症发生率等。 结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。与开放组相比,机器人组的手术时间及术后引流量多于开放组,术后美容效果更佳(P<0.05);清扫中央区和单侧颈侧区淋巴结数目、术中出血量、术后引流量、并发症发生率等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论对于有选择性的肿瘤直径>1 cm的乳头状甲状腺癌患者,达芬奇机器人腋乳入路与传统开放手术行甲状腺全切＋中央区＋单侧颈侧区淋巴结清扫治疗安全性和治疗效果相似且术后美容效果更佳。     

食管癌外科中无瘤技术的应用评价(附300例分析)

目的探讨无瘤技术应用于食管癌外科以防止手术中癌细胞的医源性播散及局部种植的临床意义。方法总结300例行无瘤技术手术治疗的食管癌患者1、3年生存率、局部复发及远处转移率。结果本组患者1、3年生存率为85.33%和64.00%,局部复发和远处转移率分别为0.67%和7.71%(1年),2.01%和20.80%(3年)。结论无瘤技术应用于食管癌手术可防止术中癌细胞的医源性播散及局部种植,对提高患者术后生存率、降低局部复发、远处转移率有益。     

23例外伤性脾破裂手术保脾效果分析

本文报道经手术保牌的23例病人其结果是2例成功,21例失败。分析手术保脾失败的原因,主要有三方面。(1)伤情复杂而严重,没有足够的时间来手术保脾。(2)脾周血管解剖不熟悉。(3)修补材料应用不当和修补技术不熟练等。