Ancillary Diagnostics in Gynecologic Cytology

Cytology has been the mainstay of cervical dysplasia and cancer screening in the United States. The specificity of a woman harboring a high-grade lesion when identified as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on Pap test is high; however, the test suffers from low sensitivity. Epidemiology studies have demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 account for most cervical squamous cell carcinomas. Tests have been developed to identify high-risk HPV, some specifically to identify HPV 16 and 18. Simultaneous to the increase in HPV detection methods, interdisciplinary groups are making recommendations on the managerial use of the tests.     

Metadherin regulates metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck via AKT signalling pathway-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition

Our recent study suggested that metadherin (MTDH) is overexpressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we further investigated its role in promoting metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). An immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that MTDH is elevated and positively correlated with metastasis in 189 primary SCCHN tissues. In vitro experiments demonstrated that MTDH overexpression enhanced the migratory and invasive ability of SCCHN cells. Moreover, MTDH induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by both regulating morphological changes and mediating the expression of the biomolecular makers E-cadherin and vimentin. In addition, MTDH mediated AKT activation, and all of the above effects were nearly completely blocked by the inhibition of AKT. Our results suggested that MTDH might promote the metastasis of SCCHN through AKT signalling pathway mediated-EMT.     

Cdx2与食管炎、Barrett's食管及腺癌的关系

同源异型盒转录因子2是新发现的尾相关同源异型盒转录因子家旅中的一个成员,特异地表达于从十二指肠至肛管齿状线的肠道绒毛上皮,在其他空腔脏器黏膜上皮异位表达时可诱导相应部位的肠化生或腺癌发生.在胃十二指肠反流-食管炎- Barrett's食管-食管腺癌演化过程中,同源异型盒转录因子2起着重要的调控作用,并与p63基因、维甲酸、MUC2、骨形态发生蛋白4等多因素共同作用促进了这一过程的发展.     

Locally advanced maxillary sinus carcinoma controlled by para-latero-nasal approach

Sino-nasal cancers are a rare pathology, with an incidence of 0.2–0.8% of all cancers, and less than 5% of ENT cancers. The site that is most often affected is the maxillary sinus in 35% of cases, followed by ethmoid sinus (30%) and of the nasal cavity in (16%). Several histological variants are described, but squamous cell carcinoma remains the most frequent in the maxillary sinus. Its diagnosis is often late making local control very difficult. Multimodal treatment allows an improvement in the survival rate compared to single treatment.Due to the progress of endoscopic surgery, external surgery is neglected. With this work we want to highlight the value to the external approach, especially in advanced cases.     

Anogenital Verrucous Carcinoma—A case report

IntroductionVerrucous carcinoma is an uncommon variant of low-grade squamous cell malignancy with a low malignant potential but a high risk of recurrence.Presentation of caseWe report a case of a Human Papilloma Virus negative local verrucous carcinoma in the perianal area of a 45-year old otherwise healthy female. The tumor presented clinically as a persistent genital wart not responding to usual dermatologic local therapy. The patient was referred to the Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery after primary excision in a private practice setting of a general surgeon. Three months later, further excision revealed local lichen sclerosus inflammatory changes in close proximity to the excision scar.DiscussionDue to the low occurrence of verrucous carcinoma in the perianal area, no guidelines are available for the management of this disease. Conflicting reports on the ethiology and the nomenclature and classifications of verrucous carcinomas exist.ConclusionAvoid pitfalls in the diagnosis of a rare variant of squamous cell cancer with a high recurrence ratio: Common genital warts not responding to ordinary local antimitotic Podophyllotoxin treatment require biopsy to exclude verrucous carcinoma. Follow-up is recommended at a 3–6 months interval due to the relative high risk of relapse.