硝普钠对婴幼儿心脏手术复温与心脏复跳时间的影响

目的观察硝普钠对婴幼儿心脏手术复温和心脏复跳时间的影响。方法将56例心功能为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级、须行择期畸形矫治术的先天性心脏病婴幼儿随机分为硝普钠组36例和对照组20例。所有患儿均静脉注射咪达唑仑（0.15 mg·kg^-1）、芬太尼（20 μg·kg^-1）和泮库溴铵（0.1 mg·kg^-1）行麻醉诱导，间断静脉注射芬太尼（10 μg·kg-1）和泮库溴铵（0.1 mg·kg^-1）维持麻醉。当心内手术操作进行2/3时开始全身复温，鼻咽温度升至36.5～37.0 ℃或肛温升至35.0～36.0 ℃。硝普钠组复温开始时从中心静脉用Grasby微量泵持续输注硝普钠，0.2～6.5 μg·kg 1·min 1。所有患儿维持平均动脉压40～50 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)。主动脉开放5 min后心脏不能自主复跳或异常心率不能转为窦性心律则行电击复跳。记录复温开始至复温终止时间（t1）、主动脉开放至出现窦性心律的时间（t2）和复温开始至窦性心率出现所用硝普钠量（Q）。结果硝普钠组t1和t2值均较对照组显著减小（均P＜0.01），Q与t1、t2均呈负相关（均P＜0.01），t1与t2呈正相关（P＜0.01）。结论婴幼儿心脏手术时合理应用硝普钠有利于缩短复温时间，并可促使心脏尽快自动复跳。     

Modulation of the cardiac baroreflex following reversible blockade of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) has a prominent anatomical connection with the nucleus of the solitary tract as well as other central baroreflex centres which suggests a role for the PBN in the regulation of this cardiovascular reflex. This study examined the effects of a reversible, bilateral blockade of the PBN on the cardiac baroreflex. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with sodium butabarbitol and instrumented to monitor blood pressure and heart rate and for the intravenous administration of drugs. The cardiac baroreflex was evoked using bolus intravenous injections of phenylephrine (PE) and sodium nitroprusside (NaNp) at various doses and a graph of baroreflex sensitivity was constructed. Bilateral microinjections of the reversible anesthetic, lidocaine (5%, 300 nl), into the PBN did not significantly change baseline blood pressure or heart rate when compared to microinjections of saline (0.9%, 300 nl) into the PBN. The pressor or depressor responses evoked by bolus injections of PE or NaNp, respectively, were not significantly affected by the bilateral pretreatment of the PBN with lidocaine when compared to saline controls. However, approximately 30 min following lidocaine injection, the amplitudes of both the evoked-reflex bradycardia and reflex tachycardia were significantly increased by approximately 98%. The cardiovascular responses to various doses of PE and NaNp were graphed and baroreflex sensitivity curves were constructed. This graph showed an increased slope of the baroreflex sensitivity curve following lesions of the PBN. Reflex changes in heart rate returned to pre-lidocaine injection levels after approximately 2 h. The results of the present investigation suggest that the PBN participates in the modulation of the cardiac baroreflex which in turn suggests a role for this nucleus in the central integration of cardiovascular reflex function.     

Effect of prednisolone therapy on serum concentrations of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with IgA nephropathy

Background It is not known whether steroid therapy affects the serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with glomerulonephritis. We therefore examined the relationship between serum level of sIL-2R and indicators of disease activity in patients with immunoglobulin (Ig) A nephropathy, and serum levels of sIL-2R in patients before and after prednisolone therapy. Methods Serum sIL-2R levels were determined using an immunoenzymatic technique in 97 patients with IgA nephropathy, and the effects of prednisolone therapy on sIL-2R levels were assessed in 15 patients with IgA nephropathy. Results An increased level of serum sIL-2R was shown at the time of renal biopsy in all patients with IgA nephropathy. Moreover, the serum sIL-2R levels were positively correlated with urinary protein excretion (P<0.01,r=0.32) and negatively correlated with creatinine clearance (P<0.01,r=−0.42) in all patients with IgA nephropathy. Prednisolone therapy (0.8 mg/kg per day) caused a significant reduction in the serum sIL-2R level in accordance with the decrease in daily proteinuria in 15 patients with IgA nephropathy. Conclusions These results suggest that the measurement of serum sIL-2R would be useful in evaluating the degree of disease activity, and the serum sIL-2R levels may be a useful indicator for estimating the effect of prednisolone therapy in patients with IgA nephropathy.     

Inactivation of hepatitis B virus: evaluation of the efficacy of the disinfectant ‘Solprogel’ using a DNA-polymerase activity assay

The effects of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) and Solprogel (Laboratorios Inibsa, S.A., Barcelona, Spain), a compound that contains NaDCC plus a biodegradable polymer of acrylic acid, on the activity of DNA polymerase (DNA-P) associated with hepatitis B virus in serum were evaluated. DNA-P positive and negative pools of human serum samples were used as positive and negative stock virus. Inhibition of DNA-P activity by NaDCC and the commercial product was found to be concentrationdependent. Two minutes exposure to the minimum effective concentration of NaDCC (1000 ppm available chlorine) or Solprogel 16% (960 ppm available chlorine) totally inhibited DNA-P activity.     

EFFECTS OF ANTI-EMETICS ON WATER EXCRETION IN HUMANS

1. The anti-emetic drug metoclopramide has been shown to stimulate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin. Since metoclopramide is used to treat nausea, which is another potent stimulus to vasopressin secretion, the aim of this study was to determine whether metoclopramide might limit free water excretion and so cause hyponatraemia. 2. Metoclopramide 20 mg (0.2–0.3 mg/kg), prochlorperazine 12.5 mg (0.1–0.2 mg/kg) and placebo were administered intravenously in a double blind randomized crossover way at 2 week intervals and the effects on urine flow rate, plasma osmolality, thirst ratings and plasma sodium and atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations determined in water-loaded (10 mL/kg) healthy young men. 3. There were no differential effects on any variable of either drug versus placebo. 4. These results indicate that metoclopramide is unlikely to cause any significant water retention in a clinical setting or precipitate hyponatraemia.     

抗兔失血性休克中自我动态稳定机理实验探讨

在已证明整脉液有抗兔失血性休克作用的前提下，本文继续报告实验所设的4组不同时间点检测的红细胞变形能力、血浆晶体、胶体渗透压和红细胞钠泵功能的数据，通过此4项各组同组不同两个时间点之间某指标差异对比和两组间（用药两组问、对照两组间、用药与对照两组问）的不同对比，进行统计学处理，结果表明整脉液能使机体两大生理隔膜防线层（血管壁和细胞膜）同时却得到加固和健全；且笔者首次以实验研究的方法，证实了中医的内外环境相对平衡的自我动态稳定理论的科学性，并提示这种基本治则在抗失血性休克机理中所占的主导与核心地位及实用性。     

膝关节镜清理术配合透明质酸钠注射治疗膝骨性关节炎37例

目的 :观察膝关节镜清理术配合透明质酸钠注射治疗膝骨性关节炎的疗效。方法 :对 37例 40膝骨性骨关节炎患者采取关节镜关节腔清理术 ,手术结束时在关节腔内注射透明质酸钠 4ml,术后第 2天始以 CPM机主动或被动活动 ,术后 1周抽出关节积液 ,并注射透明质酸钠 2 ml,此后每周 1次 ,持续 5周为 1疗程 ,并进行随访观察 ,予以疗效评价。结果 :37例 40膝经 6～ 1 8个月随访 ,显效 1 2例 ,占 32 % ,有效 2 5例 ,占 5 9% ,无效 3例 ,占9% ,总有效率 91 % ,未见明显毒副作用。结论 :膝关节镜关节腔清理术配合透明质酸钠注射治疗膝骨性关节炎损伤小 ,并发症少 ,术后恢复快。可明显改善症状及关节功能 ,疗效满意     

水稻耐盐机理的研究：Ⅱ,不同基因型愈伤组织耐盐性比较

氯化钠胁迫对水稻愈伤组织的生长有明显的影响。表现为存活率下降、生长量减少以及干/鲜值增加等。然而用上述指标进行比较,具有植株水平耐盐性差异的不同基因型,愈伤组织之间却没有显著差异,表明植株水平的耐盐程度与愈伤组织的耐盐程度之间没有直接联系。在氯化钠胁迫的情况下,耐盐基因型愈伤组织的K~+含量低于盐敏感基因型,而前者的Na~+和Cl~-含量却略高于后者。这种趋势与植株水平不一致,暗示了愈伤组织水平对无机离子的吸收可能具有与植株水平不同的机制。     

硝普钠与前列腺素E1控制性降压时对血清IL-6浓度的影响

目的探讨硝普钠(SNP)和前列腺素E1(PGE1)在行控制性降压时,对血清IL-6浓度的影响.方法 24例手术患者随机分为SNP组(S组)与PGE1组(P组),每组12例.均为全麻.控制性降压SNP自1蘥*kg-1*min-1开始,PGE1自0.1μg*kg-1*min-1开始,直至将平均动脉压降至50mm Hg,并维持1h.分别在麻醉前、降压前、降压1h、停降压1h后采血送检.结果停降压1h后,两组血清IL-6与降压前比较均升高,且差异均有显著性(S组P<0.05,P组P<0.01).两组间比较,P组较S组升高更加显著(P<0.05).结论 SNP与PGE1行控制性降压时,均可使血清IL-6增高.但IL-6升高是在停降压1h后,亦即手术开始2h后,同时SNP与PGE1组间比较有显著性差异.因此应该有选择地施行控制性降压及有选择地应用降压药物.     

饮料中甜蜜素的气相色谱测定法

目的 探讨气相色谱法测定饮料中的甜蜜素。方法 利用甜蜜素在硫酸介质中与亚硝酸反应后生成环己醇亚硝酸酯，用正己烷提取后，利用气相色谱法进行测定。结果 在浓度0-10．0mg／ml范围内有良好线性(r=0．9995)，RSD值为1．4％-4．4％，加标回收率：93％-96％。结论 该法简便、快速、准确，能用于饮料中甜蜜素的测定。