小儿肺热咳喘颗粒联合孟鲁司特钠颗粒治疗婴幼儿哮喘疗效观察

正哮喘的发病机制十分复杂,目前尚未完全清楚,其治疗亦仅限于控制症状,常采用茶碱药物、激素、β受体激动剂等。支气管哮喘治疗上传统把糖皮质激素作为治疗哮喘的一线药物~([1]),但由于糖皮质激素依从性较差,加上茶碱药物、β受体激动剂等副作用,导致控制效果不佳。由于支气管哮喘病程长,且病情反复发作,甚至出现病情加重,从而降低生活质量~([2])。白三烯在哮喘的发病机制中起重要作用,是支气管哮喘发病过程中重要的炎性介质,在气道炎症、哮喘     

玻璃酸钠治疗髋关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效

目的观察玻璃酸钠注射液治疗髋关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法髋关节骨性关节炎患者36例,治疗组18例在关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠2ml,每周1次,5次为1疗程。结果治疗组治疗前VAS评分≥7．0,治疗后6个月时VAS评分为（2．75±0．06）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;6个月时总有效率高达89％（16／18例）。结论玻璃酸钠注射液治疗髋关节骨性关节炎疗效确切、持久,关节功能改善良好。     

Hypoxic Attenuation of Brain Stem Serotonin Does not Influence Sodium-Induced Hypertension

Sodium (Na⁺)-dependent hypertension was studied in hypoxia in an effort to determine the basis for hypoxia-mediated attenuation of hypertension. Hypoxia attenuated spontaneous hypertension while Na⁺ increased blood pressure in SHR. A lack of interaction between the effects of hypoxia and Na⁺ indicated additivity of effects. As a result, hypoxia-exposed, Na+-supplemented SHR had similar blood pressure as did normoxic, nonsupplemented SHR although both groups had lower blood pressure than normoxic, Na^+-supplemented SHR. Hypoxia decreased serotonin turnover (5-HIAA/5-HT) in the brain stem of SHR while supplemental Na⁺ had no influence on this measurement. Hypoxic exposure in DOCA-treated rats failed to prevent the development of hypertension although hypoxia decreased 5-HIAA/5-HT in the brain stem of hypoxic rats, irrespective of DOCA treatment. The finding in SHR that Na⁺ counteracts the protection of hypoxia could be argued to support a similar mechanism of action for hypoxia and sodium. However, the results with DOCA treatment clearly refute such an interpretation. Our findings indicate that the pressor influence of Na⁺ does not occur through the modulation of brain stem 5-HIAA/5-HT.     

The in-vitro and in-vivo characterization of PLGA:L-PLA microspheres containing dexamethasone sodium phosphate

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) is a widely used corticosteroid in the treatment of brain oedema associated with brain tumours. DSP has many side effects that limit its usage at an effective concentration. The objective of this study was to minimize these side effects by encapsulating DSP using biodegradable synthetic polymers, to extend the release time from microspheres and to evaluate the effectiveness in the treatment of brain oedema. Microspheres containing 5% DSP were formulated by the solvent evaporation method by using a 1:1 mixture of two synthetic polymers, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and L-polylactic acid (PLGA and L-PLA). The surface morphologies and particle size distribution of the microspheres were investigated. The in-vitro     

硫喷妥钠对人心房肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流的影响

目的 观察硫喷妥钠对人心肌细胞瞬间外向钾通道电流(Itol)的影响,探讨其对心肌抑制作用中可能的电生理改变作用。方法采用急性分离的人心房肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞技术记录不同浓度的硫喷妥钠[30μmol/L(T1组)、100μmol/L(T2组)、300μmol/L(T3组)]对细胞膜瞬间外向钾电流的影响。结果 T1组硫喷妥钠在 30～ 60 mV有抑制Itol的趋势,其中,在 50 mv和 60 mv有明显抑制作用(n=21,P<0.05);T2组和T3组硫喷妥钠分别在测试电位 30～ 60mv(n=19)和 20- 60 mV(n=17)时,对Itol有明显抑制作用(P<0.05);并且在膜电位去极化至 60 mV时,三组浓度(30μmol/L、100 μmol/L、300μmol/L)的硫喷妥钠对电流的抑制率分别为10.7±3.3、21.3±3.8和(49.3±4.8)％,不同浓度效应间差异具有显著性(P<0.05),且抑制程度与浓度呈正相关(r=0.943,P<0.05)。电流-电压曲线基本形态无显著变化。结论 临床相关及其高于临床浓度的硫喷妥钠对人心房肌细胞Itol有明显而直接的抑制作用,且具有浓度依赖性,提示这种改变与硫喷妥钠的心肌抑制作用中的负性变时性作用有关。     

托吡酯联合丙戊酸钠治疗儿童癫痫的有效性及安全性

目的探讨托吡酯联合丙戊酸钠治疗儿童癫痫的有效性及安全性。方法选取80例癫痫患儿,随机分为对照组和联合组各40例,对照组给予托吡酯单药治疗,联合组在对照组用药基础上加用丙戊酸钠治疗。观察2组疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗3个月时联合组治疗总有效率95.00%高于对照组80.00%(P0.05),治疗6个月时2组治疗总有效率分别为97.50%、87.50%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗3、6个月时2组癫痫发作月均频率明显低于治疗前(P0.01),治疗6个月癫痫发作月均频率明显低于治疗3个月(P0.01),治疗3、6个月时联合组癫痫发作月均频率明显低于对照组(P0.01);对照组不良反应发生率10.00%,联合组为15.00%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论托吡酯联合丙戊酸钠治疗儿童癫痫可在短期内减少癫痫发作频率,未明显增加不良反应发生率,耐受性较好。     

The effect of ethanol or long-time reaction on the diatom test in water samples using sodium hypochlorite

BackgroundThe diatom test method using sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was equivalent to the conventional method in water samples. However, the method using NaClO was inferior to the conventional method in lung samples, in which ethanol was used and the reaction with NaClO was longer compared with the method in water samples. Using water samples, we aimed to clarify whether these differences affect the diatom test result.Materials and methodsThirteen water samples from natural water sources were each divided into four parts corresponding to four (2 × 2) digestion methods: 3 “digestion” vs. 1 “digestion” and with ethanol vs. without ethanol. After the base-2 logarithmic transformation, the diatom counts were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); factor 1 was “digestion times,” factor 2 was “ethanol,” and factor 3 was “sample number,” and the interaction between factors 1 and 2 was also analyzed.ResultsThe geometric means of the diatoms from the 3 “digestion” with ethanol method, the 3 “digestion” without ethanol method, the 1 “digestion” with ethanol method, and the 1 “digestion” without ethanol method were 373.5, 551.8, 436.6, and 522.0, respectively. ANOVA showed a significant difference in factor 2 (P = 1.7 × 10^-4). There was no significant difference in factor 1 (P = 0.46), and no significant interaction between factors 1 and 2 (P = 0.13).ConclusionEthanol may decrease the diatom count in the diatom test using NaClO. In contrast, the diatom frustules do not dissolve through three-times digestion using NaClO.     

Four cases of sodium nitrite suicidal ingestion: A new trend and a relevant Forensic Pathology and Toxicology challenge

Sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) is an inorganic compound commonly used as a food additive, antifreeze admixture, and fertilizer. Its toxicity mechanism is mainly represented by the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron of one of the four heme structures in haemoglobin with the onset of methaemoglobin. The mechanism of death by sodium nitrite toxicity is severe hypoxia. We present four cases of suicidal sodium nitrite ingestion that closely occurred within a two months-period. Self-poisoning with sodium nitrite actually represents an increasing trend in nitrates’ related deaths. In order to reach a precise diagnosis of NaNO₂ intoxication, a complete toxicological analysis should be carried out including not only MetHb blood levels but also nitrites and nitrites in standard or alternative matrices as a routine procedure. Autopsy should be carefully performed to detect common indicators of hypoxia or more rarely evident typical by themselves-non specific signs of sodium nitrite toxicity. Suicidal manner of death should be carefully considered when circumstantial data support that ingestion of large amounts of NaNO₂ occurred as a consequence of a self-injurious behaviour. Relevant informations include victim’s previous Internet or book researches about paths to follow to commit suicide with sodium nitrate, employment and past medical history, with strong regard to psychiatric diseases as well as eventual taking psycotropic drugs.Finally, an accurate integration of autoptic and toxicological results with circumstantial data is necessary to make correct diagnosis of death due to acute respiratory failure secondary to suicidal sodium nitrite ingestion.     

钠钾镁钙葡萄糖注射液扩容对术中血糖、电解质和酸碱平衡的影响

目的比较钠钾镁钙葡萄糖注射液和复方乳酸钠注射液扩容对术中血糖、电解质及酸碱平衡的影响。方法择期行胃肠道手术患者30例,采用随机数字法分为研究组(n=16)和对照组(n=14),研究组使用钠钾镁钙葡萄糖注射液扩容,对照组使用复方乳酸钠注射液扩容,分别在入室后以15ml·kg-1·h-1的速度输注相应液体。分别于输液前(T0)、输液量为10ml/kg(T1)、20ml/kg(T2)和30ml/kg(T3)时检测患者血糖、血乳酸、电解质及pH值等。结果输液后研究组血糖明显升高(P<0.05),血乳酸无明显变化,血pH明显降低(P<0.05);对照组血乳酸明显升高(P<0.05);两组电解质水平均无明显变化。结论钠钾镁钙葡萄糖注射液在扩容、维持电解质及酸碱平衡方面与复方乳酸钠注射液效果相当,可避免大量输入复方乳酸钠注射液所致的乳酸升高,但当大量输注钠钾镁钙葡萄糖注射液时可导致一定程度的血糖升高。     

玻璃酸钠联合氟米龙滴眼液与单纯玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗儿童干眼的疗效比较

目的 探讨玻璃酸钠联合氟米龙滴眼液与单纯玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗儿童干眼症的疗效比较。方法 选取我院2018 年9 月～2019 年2 月86 例门诊儿童干眼症患者,随机分为两组,对照组（n=43）采用玻璃酸钠滴眼液,观察组（n=43）采用玻璃酸钠滴眼液联合氟米龙滴眼液治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后的相关症状及干眼症指标：非侵入性泪膜破裂时间、泪河高度、荧光色染色、睑板腺分析、眼红及不良反应。结果 观察组非侵入性泪膜破裂时间、泪河高度指标均高于对照组,荧光色染色、睑板腺分析、眼红指标均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组和对照组不良反应相似（P＞0.05）。结论 玻璃酸钠滴眼液联合氟米龙滴眼液对于儿童干眼症的治疗可获取良好的疗效。