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101.
消化道恶性肿瘤确诊初期患者社会支持与生命质量的调查 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
目的 调查消化道恶性肿瘤确诊初期的患者半年中的社会支持和生命质量变化。方法 采用社会支持评定量表和CARES-SF对146名患者的社会支持和生命质量进行为期半年的追踪调查。结果 消化道恶性肿瘤确诊初期患者的生命质量为中等,其中婚姻关系维度、性关系维度得分半年后下降。患者所获得的社会支持最多的是情感支持,其次是实际支持,信息支持为第三位。情感支持大多来源于家庭成员,信息支持大多来源于医务人员。患者大多很少参与社交活动。在半年中情感支持、实际支持、信息支持的变化模式不一。诊断初期的患者不能有效地利用社会支持。结论 应对确诊初期患者加强咨询,以充分识别和利用社会资源。应持续评估患者的生命质量和社会支持,并制订干预方案,提高消化道恶性肿瘤确诊初期患者的社会支持程度,最终提高其生命质量。 相似文献
102.
数字化校园构建之理论基础探讨 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
从总结数字化建设的实际出发,从建构主义教学理论、教育传播理论和管理科学理论三个方面,较为全面地论述了构建数字化校园的理论基础,并探讨了在数字化校园建设中如何应用理论来指导实际工作. 相似文献
103.
论中医病因、致病因素、邪气、邪之关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
张光霁 《浙江中医药大学学报》2007,31(6):676-677
邪是一切不正常、不正当的因素,邪气是邪的一部分,主要指六气异常以及疫疠之气等外感因素。两者可以独立于人体而存在,也可以进入人体,成为可能导致疾病的因素,即致病因素,邪(邪气)进入人体是致病因素,未进入人体不是致病因素。未导致疾痛的致病因素不是病因,已经引起疾病的致病因素是病因。 相似文献
104.
Michael S. Runyon MD Peter B. Richman MD Jeffrey A. Kline MD 《Academic emergency medicine》2007,14(1):53-57
Background Several clinical decision rules (CDRs) have been validated for pretest probability assessment of pulmonary embolism (PE), but the authors are unaware of any data quantifying and characterizing their use in emergency departments. Objectives To characterize clinicians' knowledge of and attitudes toward two commonly used CDRs for PE. Methods By using a modified Delphi approach, the authors developed a two‐page paper survey including 15 multiple‐choice questions. The questions were designed to determine the respondents' familiarity, frequency of use, and comprehension of the Canadian and Charlotte rules. The survey also queried the frequency of use of unstructured (gestalt) pretest probability assessment and reasons why physicians choose not to use decision rules. The surveys were sent to physicians, physician assistants, and medical students at 32 academic and community hospitals in the United States and the United Kingdom. Results Respondents included 555 clinicians; 443 (80%) work in academic practice, and 112 (20%) are community based. Significantly more academic practitioners (73%) than community practitioners (49%) indicated familiarity with at least one of the two decision rules. Among all respondents familiar with a rule, 50% reported using it in more than half of applicable cases. A significant number of these respondents could not correctly identify a key component of the rule (23% for the Charlotte rule and 43% for the Canadian rule). Fifty‐seven percent of all respondents indicated use of gestalt rather than a decision rule in more than half of cases. Conclusions Academic clinicians were more likely to report familiarity with either of these two specific decision rules. Only one half of all clinicians reporting familiarity with the rules use them in more than 50% of applicable cases. Spontaneous recall of the specific elements of the rules was low to moderate. Future work should consider clinical gestalt in the evaluation of patients with possible PE. 相似文献
105.
董剑桥 《南通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2002,18(2):131-135
外语学习软件界面的设计除了应注意实现软件功能的技术因素、表现媒体的物理性状以及信息内容的学科把握 ,还应对软件界面的内容组织方略、交互通达方式、语用认知功能等方面提出要求。界面设计的出发点 ,应该是学生、学习任务及其相应的学习活动。应该根据需求分析、学习者分析、任务和内容分析来确定目标和步骤。外语教学应以语言能力、交际能力、学习策略能力为目标 ,界面设计应以此为据选择表现媒体、结构层次、交互方式和技术手段。 相似文献
106.
107.
Beth Hoskins Dudley F. Peeler Kathia Lawson Angie M. Barnes Ing K. Ho 《Brain research bulletin》1991,27(2):279-281
The effects of haloperidol on motor and functioning and cognitive functioning were studied in young (3-5 months old) and aged (20-22 months old) male mice by examining haloperidol-induced catalepsy and haloperidol-induced decrements in performance on a radial arm maze. The aged mice were much more sensitive to these adverse effects of haloperidol than were the young mice. Studies of the distribution of radioactivity from [3H]haloperidol to the brain indicated that the differences in sensitivity to this drug were not due to pharmacokinetic differences. The results demonstrate that mice are suitable for studies of aging-induced changes in the behavioral effects of neuroleptic agents. 相似文献
108.
Cognitive models of depression propose that negative schemas contribute to depressive symptoms. Early experiences, particularly parenting, have been proposed to influence cognitive schemas and have also been shown to correlate with depression. This study explores the concurrent relationship between retrospective reports of parenting, Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) described by J. E. Young (1994), and symptoms of depression in a sample of undergraduate students (N = 194). The EMSs of defectiveness/shame, insufficient self-control, vulnerability, and incompetence/inferiority were associated with perceptions of parenting and depressive symptomatology. There was evidence that these four EMSs partially mediate the relationship between parental perceptions and depressive symptomatology. Results are discussed in relation to previous findings, theory, and the measurement of EMSs. 相似文献
109.
We examined two recently developed measures of positive automatic thought, the Positive Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-P)
and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire—Revised (ATQ-RP). Internal consistency, concurrent validity, and convergent and discriminant
validity were addressed. Two hundred one undergraduates completed self-report measures of positive automatic thoughts, negative
automatic thoughts, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and positive affectivity. The ATQ-P and ATQ-RP both showed high
internal consistency, strong negative associations with depressive symptoms, specificity to depressive symptoms rather than
anxiety symptoms, an average state-of-mind (SOM) ratio in the positive dialogue range, and a stronger relation with each other
than with a measure of positive affectivity. The only notable difference between the measures was a significantly lower mean
score (correcting for number of items) on the ATQ-RP.
This paper is based on a thesis completed by the first author, under the supervision of the second author, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree at American University. We are grateful to thesis committee members Lorah
Dorn and Jim Gray for feedback on this material. 相似文献
110.
The mistreatment of elderly is subject to various social constructions. On two geographically distinct Plains Indian Reservations which we call Lone Mountain and Abundant Lands, the abuse or neglect of elderly is construed as a health problem which is a dysfunction of the community as a whole. Both physical abuse and neglect are more common on the Lone Mountain Reservation, occurring in association with other indicators of community disorganization such as unemployment and substance abuse. On the Abundant Lands Reservation physical abuse was categorically denied and what neglect existed appeared to be a function of role strain, geographic dispersal, climate and terrain. We attribute differences in the prevalence of mistreatment of elders to variations in economic opportunities for younger residents. Examining the historical and present contexts of intergenerational relationships on the reservations, we discuss the implications of this study for social exchange theory and policy applications.This research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America Applied 相似文献