Chromosome Abnormalities and Absolute Telomere Lengths of Leukocytes from Silk Weavers with Emphasis on Potential Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Silk Dyes

Objectives: This study is aimed to assess the possible genotoxicity and mutagenicity of silk dyes on silk weavers.Methods: Peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained from 24 silk weavers and 24 age- and sex-matched controls innortheastern Thailand. After mitogen stimulation in culture, chromosome abnormalities were examined using Giemsabanding and the absolute telomere length (aTL) was measured with SYBR green qRT-PCR. To confirm genotoxic andmutagenic effects of silk dyes, leukocytes from one each of healthy male and female volunteers were cultured withvarious concentrations of 3 dark red silk dyes under the presence of mitogen. Chromosome abnormalities and thetelomere length were determined as above. Results: The proportion of normal metaphase in the silk weaving workerswas significantly lower than that in controls. The frequency of chromosome aberrations was higher in the silk weaversthan in control group. Polyploidy was detected only in the silk weavers. The aTL was significantly shorter in the silkweavers than in control group (p < 0.05). When leukocytes from normal volunteers were stimulated with mitogen underthe presence of various concentrations of 3 silk dyes, suppressed the mitotic index (MI) and normal metaphase, whereasthe proportion of prophase and the incomplete chromosome forming increased significantly. All dyes induced polyploidy.Dye #CA5 induced structural changes in male leukocytes, whereas #30 induced the changes in female leukocytes.The #CA5 increased aTL of normal leukocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: All dyes, especially #CA5,have high genotoxicity and mutagenicity to induce chromosome aberrations and telomeric instability. Taken all thoseresults together, regular health checking of silk weavers who have been exposed to those dyes is critically necessaryto prevent various chemical-induced carcinogenesis.     

Plasma and urinary cortisol levels after dexamethasone in affective disorders

The validity of the dexamethasone suppression test was evaluated for the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary depressions.Forty hospitalized psychiatric patients (14 primary depressed, 15 secondary depressed and 11 non-depressed controls) were studied. The Research Diagnostic Criteria of Spitzer et al. (1978) were used to classify these patients.Eight out of the 14 primary depressed patients had an abnormally high plasma cortisol at 4 p.m. after dexamethasone. Only 2 out of the 15 secondary depressed patients and none of the 11 controls had an abnormal response to dexamethasone.Based on these results, the dexamethasone suppression test has a sensitivity of 57%, a specificity of 87% and a predictive value of 80%.The determination of urinary free cortisol excretion does not improve the performance of the test.     

Use of immunoblot technique for detection of human IgE and IgG antibodies to individual silk proteins

Allergenic proteins were extracted from one silk batch that was imported to be used as filling material for bed mattresses and rugs. IgE and IgG antibodies to the extracted silk proteins were measured by RAST in sera of nine silk-sensitive persons as well as in sera of healthy control donors. Silk proteins were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into 12 polypeptides of molecular weights between 14 and 70 kilodaltons. By means of the immunoblot technique, IgE and IgG antibodies to the individual silk polypeptides could be detected. Sera of silk-sensitive persons contained high titers of IgE and low titers of IgG antibodies to the separated silk polypeptides. Sera of control donors contained low IgG antibody titers to a limited number of these polypeptides.     

“丝绸之路经济带”视角下加快甘肃中医药产业升级的对策探析

目的：在"丝绸之路经济带"背景下,依据甘肃中医药产业的发展现状,分析了新形势下发展中医药产业所面临的机遇与挑战,探索加快甘肃中医药产业升级的对策。方法：立足于中医药产业的现有资源禀赋,运用钻石模型理论和新贸易理论,通过增强产业在丝绸之路经济带沿线国家（地区）的服务能力和市场竞争力,以快速推动中医药产业升级发展。结果：依靠甘肃在"丝绸之路经济带"中的区位优势、资源比较优势、政策扶持优势和市场机遇,进行有效资源配置,重点通过与沿线国家的合作来不断增强竞争力。结论：通过开展此次研究,再次印证了增强我国中医药产业竞争优势要从生产要素、市场需求、相关和支持产业、企业的战略和组织结构及政府行为、机遇等六个方面加快发展。钻石模型理论是推动中医药产业不断发展的有效管理工具,在中医药海外市场的推广和竞争力的提高效果显著,提升了中医药服务贸易水平,体现了中医药的特色与魅力。     

Preventive effect of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes onset in morbidly obese inpatients: a national French survey between 2008 and 2016 on 328,509 morbidly obese patients

BackgroundThe association between bariatric surgery (BS) and the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications in patients with obesity has been rarely addressed in large, nationwide database studies.ObjectiveTo estimate the preventive effect of BS against T2D and its vascular complications in patients with obesity without co-morbidity at baseline.SettingAll French public and private hospitals.MethodsData were extracted from the French National Health Service database between 2008 and 2016. All patients with obesity aged 18- to 60-years old, free of T2D and major co-morbidities, and with at least 1 year of follow-up were analyzed. Patients who had undergone gastric bypass (GB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), or adjustable gastric banding (AGB) were included in the BS group, and patients with obesity with no history of BS were considered as controls.ResultsOf 328,509 patients with obesity, 102,627 had BS. Between 2009 and 2016, 9.7% (31,946/328,509) of patients had a diagnosis of T2D associated with morbid obesity, 13.2% of the control group versus 2.0% of the BS group (P < .001). BS was associated with favorable 8-year T2D event-free survival estimates of 92.3% in the BS group against 58.2% in the control group. The hazard ratio for the diagnosis of T2D was .18 (95% confidence interval, .17–.19) for the BS group versus controls, after adjustment on age, sex, body mass index, and baseline differences. A significant difference was found between the type of bariatric procedure (P < .001) with more T2D after AGB (4.5%) than after GB (1.2%) or SG (0.9%). T2D complications were more common in controls (P < .001) with multiple T2D complications occurring in 1% of patients in the control group and .1% in the BS group (P < 0.001). GB and SG were more effective than AGB.ConclusionsThis nationwide study shows that BS reduces the new onset of T2D in patients with obesity by 82%. SG and GB give comparable results and both are more effective than AGB.     

慢病毒介导BMP-2过表达质粒转染骨髓间充质干细胞联合丝素蛋白支架向成骨细胞转化的实验研究

目的：探究慢病毒介导BMP-2过表达质粒转染骨髓间充质干细胞联合丝素蛋白支架向成骨细胞转化的作用效果。方法：构建慢病毒BMP-2过表达载体,培养骨髓间充质干细胞,构建细胞核支架的联合培养体系,体外实验利用茜素红染色和碱性磷酸酶染色检测骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨转化。选择10只新西兰大白兔,体重3.2～4.5 kg,平均3.9 kg;年龄（2.89±0.45）岁;使用口腔钻在兔子胫骨钻孔（长度5 mm、宽度2 mm、深度3 mm的锥形胫骨缺损）构建兔子胫骨骨缺损模型,HE染色观察动物模型内骨缺损的修复。实验组造模后植入丝素蛋白支架+转染BMP-2过表达载体骨髓间充质干细胞复合物,阴性对照组造模后植入丝素蛋白支架+未转染骨髓间充质干细胞复合物。结果：实验组（丝素蛋白支架+转染BMP-2过表达载体骨髓间充质干细胞复合物）中支架表面黏附的细胞与对照组（丝素蛋白支架+未转染骨髓间充质干细胞）相比,细胞数明显增多。实验组细胞外基质分泌与对照组相比,支架间细胞外基质含量明显增多。对照组支架表面元素EDX分析显示钙离子含量为0.22%,实验组支架表面元素EDX分析显示钙离子含量为0.86%,可见实验组诱导钙离子形成的能力要比对照组强。钙结节茜素红染色结果显示,对照组肉眼观无明显变化,镜下观察可见少量钙结节点。实验组肉眼观可见明显红色区域染色,镜下观察可见大量钙结节点。碱性磷酸酶染色结果显示,对照组肉眼观无明显变化,镜下观察未见明显变化。实验组肉眼观可见紫色区域染色,镜下观察可见ALP染色呈强阳性。丝素蛋白支架与骨髓间充质干细胞联合培养体系可以对软骨缺损有较好的修复作用,转染BMP-2骨髓间充质干细胞后修复作用明显优于未转染组。HE染色结果显示,对照组炎性细胞减少,支架略有消失。实验组炎性细胞明显减少,支架消失,血管生成。结论：慢病毒介导BMP-2过表达质粒可以促进BMSC向骨细胞的分化作用,并且分泌更多的含Ca²⁺成分的细胞外基质,从而发挥其促进骨缺损修复的作用。     

丝素蛋白/左旋聚乳酸支架材料与软骨细胞体外细胞相容性研究

目的:观察静电纺丝支架材料丝素蛋白/左旋聚乳酸(SF/PLLA)的体外细胞相容性,探索其作为软骨组织工程支架材料的可行性,为进一步的体内及动物实验奠定基础。方法:将兔膝关节软骨细胞与丝素蛋白/左旋聚乳酸(SF/PLLA)支架材料复合培养,在第3、7、14天分别作HE染色和阿利新蓝+核固红染色,扫描电镜检验细胞黏着情况,MTT试验检测细胞在支架上的增殖情况。结果:细胞在支架上可以获得良好的粘附,细胞增殖良好,无细胞表型的变化。结论:丝素蛋白/左旋聚乳酸(SF/PLLA)具有良好的细胞相容性,可作为软骨组织工程支架材料。     

蚕丝组织工程化肌腱的生物力学研究

目的探讨用蚕丝与同种异体肌腱细胞联合培养植入体内,构建组织工程化肌腱的生物力学指标。方法实验分2组,一组是植入附着了肌腱细胞的蚕丝材料组,另一组是单纯植入蚕丝材料组。分别在术后的第2,4,6,8周进行随机取材,在每次取材时每组分别取20只,对材料进行生物力学测定。所得数据均采用SPSS13．0统计软件进行处理和分析。结果在第2,4,6,8周进行取材,生物力学的测定结果显示在同时间点内,细胞组的结果明显优于非细胞组（P≮0．05）,细胞组自身在不同时间点的比较中,发现除第8周以外（P〉O．05）,时间越长,力学的结果越优秀（P〈O．05）;而在非细胞组则只有第8周的结果与前3次测定结果的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论本实验的结果说明蚕丝材料对肌腱细胞的黏附性好,生物力学性能优越,附着肌腱细胞后可以构成组织工程化肌腱。经更深入的实验和研究,蚕丝材料可能会在肌腱缺损的治疗方面具有良好的应用前景。