动态轴向压应变促进丝素蛋白支架内MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化

目的 观察动态轴向压应变对三维丝素蛋白支架内成骨细胞成骨相关基因表达的影响。方法 应用动态力学加载仪对实验组小鼠胚胎成骨细胞MC3T3-E1加载动态轴向压应变（5%应变幅度,1 Hz,30 min/d,共21 d）,对照组细胞常规静置培养,不施加力学刺激。应用定量PCR检测细胞成骨基因碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、I型胶原（COLⅠ）、骨特异性转录因子（Runx2）、成骨相关转录因子（Osx）、骨钙蛋白（OCN） mRNA表达量。结果 成骨细胞在周期性轴向压应力刺激下,Runx2、Osx及COLⅠ表达分别增加280%、68.9%和79.6%,ALP及OCN表达也分别增加10.7%和26.9%。实验组成骨相关基因mRNA表达与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 成骨细胞复合丝素蛋白生物支架材料在周期性轴向压应力刺激下,成骨基因COLⅠ、Runx2、Osx及OCN表达明显上调,可能是生理状态下压应力刺激促进骨折愈合的重要机制之一。研究结果对于以力学信号为基础的细胞疗法修复骨缺损等疾病具有重要临床价值。     

干扰素α2b给药途径对小儿病毒性肺炎疗效、T淋巴细胞亚群与血清KL-6、ICAM-1、TNF-α的影响

目的探讨干扰素α2b给药途径治疗小儿病毒性肺炎的疗效及其对T淋巴细胞亚群与血清KL-6、ICAM-1、TNF-α的影响。方法选取我院2017年3月至2019年3月收治的92例病毒性肺炎患儿,随机分为雾化组与肌注组,每组46例。比较两组治疗1周后的总有效率,记录两组治疗前及治疗1 d、2 d、3 d、4 d、5 d、6 d、7 d后的临床症状总评分,比较两组治疗前与治疗7 d后的血清CD^+_3、CD^+_4、CD^+_8、CD^+_4/CD^+_8、KL-6、ICAM-1、TNF-α水平与不良反应。结果两组的整体疗效与总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗后的临床症状总评分均呈下降趋势,组内前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。雾化组治疗4 d、5 d、6 d、7 d的临床症状总评分低于肌注组(P<0.05)。治疗7 d后,两组CD^+_3、CD^+_4和CD^+_4/CD^+_8升高,CD^+_8降低(P<0.05);雾化组治疗7 d后CD^+_3、CD^+_4和CD^+_4/CD^+_8高于肌注组,CD^+_8低于肌注组(P<0.05)。治疗7 d后,两组各项血清学指标均明显降低(P<0.05),雾化组治疗后的血清ICAM-1、TNF-α低于肌注组(P<0.05),两组KL-6比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论干扰素α2b雾化吸入给药可取得与肌注给药相当的疗效,同时可加速患儿症状缓解,调节免疫,血清ICAM-1、TNF-α下降幅度大,安全性良好。     

Bladder tissue regeneration using acellular bi-layer silk scaffolds in a large animal model of augmentation cystoplasty

Acellular scaffolds derived from Bombyx mori silk fibroin were investigated for their ability to support functional tissue regeneration in a porcine model of augmentation cystoplasty. Two bi-layer matrix configurations were fabricated by solvent-casting/salt leaching either alone (Group 1) or in combination with silk film casting (Group 2) to yield porous foams buttressed by heterogeneous surface pore occlusions or homogenous silk films, respectively. Bladder augmentation was performed with each scaffold group (6 × 6 cm²) in juvenile Yorkshire swine for 3 m of implantation. Augmented animals exhibited high rates of survival (Group 1: 5/6, 83%; Group 2: 4/4, 100%) and voluntary voiding over the course of the study period. Urodynamic evaluations demonstrated mean increases in bladder capacity over pre-operative levels (Group 1: 277%; Group 2: 153%) which exceeded nonsurgical control gains (144%) encountered due to animal growth. Similarly, elevations in bladder compliance were substantially higher in augmented animals from baseline (Group 1: 357%; Group 2: 147%) in comparison to controls (41%). Gross tissue evaluations revealed that both matrix configurations supported extensive de novo tissue formation throughout the entire original implantation site which exhibited ultimate tensile strength similar to nonsurgical counterparts. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that both implant groups promoted comparable extents of smooth muscle regeneration and contractile protein (α-smooth muscle actin and SM22α) expression within defect sites similar to controls. Parallel evaluations demonstrated the formation of a transitional, multi-layered urothelium with prominent cytokeratin, uroplakin, and p63 protein expression in both matrix groups. De novo innervation and vascularization processes were evident in all regenerated tissues indicated by synaptophysin-positive neuronal cells and vessels lined with CD31 expressing endothelial cells. Ex vivo organ bath studies demonstrated that regenerated tissues supported by both silk matrices displayed contractile responses to carbachol, α,β-methylene-ATP, KCl, and electrical field stimulation similar to controls. Our data detail the ability of acellular silk scaffolds to support regeneration of innervated, vascularized smooth muscle and urothelial tissues within 3 m with structural, mechanical, and functional properties comparable to native tissue in a porcine model of bladder repair.     

Ca-adsorption and apatite deposition on silk fabrics modified with phosphate polymer chains

Silk fabric was modified with polymethacryloyloxyethylphosphate (pMOEP) by graft copolymerization. Ca-adsorption onto pMOEP-grafted silk fabric was significantly enhanced compared to that onto original silk fabric. SEM observation indicated that some crystallites were deposited on the pMOEP-grafted silk fabric after 1 week of immersion in simulated body fluid, whereas no change occurred on the surface of the original silk fabric. X-ray diffraction showed that this crystallite contained hydroxyapatite. These results indicate that pMOEP-grafted silk fabric induce hydroxyapatite formation more effectively than the original silk fabric.     

Hierarchical biomineralization of calcium carbonate regulated by silk microspheres

As an analog of the main protein contained in nacre regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin has a significant influence on the morphology and polymorphic nature of CaCO₃ in the biomineralization process. A number of studies have implied that the self-assembling aggregate structure of silk fibroin is a key factor in controlling CaCO₃ aggregation. Further insight into this role is necessary with a particular need to prepare silk fibroin aggregates with homogeneous structures to serve as templates for the mineralization process. Here we have prepared homogeneous silk microspheres to serve as templates for CaCO₃ mineralization in order to provide an experimental insight into silk-regulated crystallization processes. CaCO₃ particles with different nano- and microstructures, and their polymorphs, were successfully formed by controlling the mineralization process. The key function of silk aggregation in controlling the morphology and polymorphic nature of CaCO₃ particles was confirmed. A regulating effect of silk on the spatial features was also observed. A two-step process for silk fibroin-regulated biomineralization was found, with different levels of heterogeneous nucleation and aggregation. A full understanding of silk fibroin-regulated biomineralization mechanisms would help in understanding the function of organic polymers in natural biomineralization, and provide a way forward in the design and synthesis of new materials in which organic–inorganic interfaces are the keys to function, biological interfaces and many related material features.     

南京市2008-2010年不同感染途径和不同报告来源的HIV/AIDS病例的随访率分析

目的分析南京市新发现的艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)的不同感染途径和报告来源,对随访管理以及CD4检测的影响。方法收集2008-2010南京市所有报告单位上报的病例及随访资料,对不同感染途径和报告来源的HIV/AIDS病人的随访管理率及CD4检测率进行分析。结果 2008-2010年南京市共报告HIV/AIDS病人955例,随访率呈现上升趋势,CD4检测率总体下降。母婴途径感染者随访率最高(100%),注射吸毒途径感染者随访率最低(71.4%);男男性途径感染者CD4检测率最高(71.3%),注射吸毒途径感染者最低(37.3%)。不同报告来源病例的随访率总体上升,专题调查发现的病例随访率降低;不同报告来源病例的CD4检测率总体下降,但是医院报告病例的CD4检测率上升。结论不同感染途径和病例报告来源对南京市HIV/AIDS病例的随访和CD4检测有不同程度的影响,注射吸毒感染和专题调查发现的病例应成为随访工作的重点,从强化初筛阳性者信息资料的收集入手,提高随访率。     

2012～2017年我州土家族及汉族患者药品不良反应分析

摘 要 目的：探讨恩施地区药品不良反应发生特点及土家族与汉族发生抗菌药物不良反应（ADR）的差异。方法：选取2012年1月～2017年7月恩施地区上报的ADR报告,从患者一般情况、ADR严重程度及发生时间、β 内酰胺类ADR、给药途径及ADR转归等方面,比较土家族及汉族患者发生的ADR的差异。结果：土家族与汉族患者发生的ADR,在β 内酰胺类尤其是头孢菌素类药物所致ADR分布、口服与静脉滴注用药分布,以及ADR转归情况等方面的差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。两者发生ADR严重程度无差异（P﹥0.05）。结论：ADR的发生存在种族差异,少数民族地区在使用抗菌药物及给药途径方面应关注民族差异,减少ADR发生。     

355例药品不良反应分析

目的：了解医院药品不良反应（ADR）发生特点及引起不良反应的相关因素。方法：采取回顾式调查方式,对医院355例ADR病例进行统计、分析。结果：发生ADR的患者中,女性居多,老年人居多;以静脉方式给药引起的ADR居多;ADR的临床表现以皮疹居多。结论：医师、护士、药师三方协作,能够及时监测临床发生的ADR,可以减少ADR的发生。     

Participating in an exercise group after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is perceived to influence psychosocial factors and successful recovery: a focus group qualitative study

ObjectivesTo explore the patients’ experiences of participating in an exercise group following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).DesignHermaneutic phenomenological qualitative study of two focus groups.SettingOutpatient care, private rehabilitation centre.ParticipantsNine adults who had participated in an exercise group led by a physiotherapist following ACLR.ResultsThree major themes emerged from the data: psychosocial factors, physical outcomes and identity of the exercise group. The most significant perception of engaging in an exercise group following ACLR was its influence on psychosocial factors, especially motivation, self-confidence and social support. The group influenced the participants’ motivation, enjoyment and commitment to exercise during their rehabilitation. Social support, self-confidence and reassurance were mostly gained. The participants taking part in sport experienced the ACLR group as a substitute for sport trainings. The group was perceived to help enhance speed of recovery and facilitate the return to normal life, especially for participants with lower reported motivation and adherence to home-exercises. The authors interpreted that the subjective physical outcomes’ improvements described by all the participants was potentially an increased level of self-efficacy.The challenging role of the physiotherapist was highlighted as well as the promotion of shared accountability between patients and the group’s leader. The exercise group’s identity was questioned within the rehabilitation process, and the need for more knowledge of its existence in order to promote exercise group therapy was suggested.ConclusionParticipating in an exercise group therapy influences psychosocial factors such as motivation, self-confidence, social support, potentially self-efficacy and helps enhance a faster successful recovery following ACLR. Our findings indicate that participants with a lower reported adherence to home-exercises may especially benefit from it.     

兰州市城关区HIV新发感染调查分析

目的了解甘肃省兰州市城关区艾滋病疫情特征和流行趋势,为卫生行政部门制定艾滋病防治措施和疫情监测管理策略提供依据。方法用Excel软件统计分析2009─2013年城关区网络直报的艾滋病病毒（HIV）新发感染病例。结果 2009─2013年城关区报告新发病例468例,发病率4.40/10万,2009─2011年发病稳中有降,但2011─2013年呈现出逐年增长的趋势;感染人群以性活跃期的青壮年为主,16-45岁占82.26%,男女性别比6.67∶1;传播途径以性接触为主,占92.31%;职业分布前三位依次是家务及待业（19.44%）、农民（15.60%）、其他（13.68%）。结论农民工、妇女等易感人群面临感染HIV的威胁,应大力推广覆盖人群面广的社区艾滋病干预模式;制定符合本地区现状的防治策略和措施,提高干预工作效率,遏制艾滋病进一步蔓延。