Reduction mammaplasty by central pedicle flap with short submammary scar

Reduction mammaplasty was performed in 30 patients by combining the central pedicle flap method with the short submammary scar (3-S) technique to avoid the common drawbacks of currently popular dermoglandular procedures. Reduction was accomplished by using perforating vascular branches from the pectoralis major muscle and its fascia supplying the nipple and breast parenchyme instead of the subdermal plexus. The central vascular pedicle supplying the nipple-areola complex was preserved. Only the periphery of the breast parenchyme was resected circumferentially, with the exception of the inferolateral portion, so as not to injure the sensory nerve. The remaining breast parenchyme was preserved in an inverted cone shape. The nipple-areola complex was safely transposed with great freedom, and the amount of resection was accurately adjusted for symmetry. No cases of nipple-areola complex sensory change occurred postoperatively, and lactation is possible because of preservation of the lactiferous ducts. The length of postoperative scars was reduced by using the short submammary scar technique. We believe this combined method is ideal in patients requiring resections ranging from 200 to 600 g per breast with good skin elasticity and moderate degree of ptosis.Presented at the Sixth Asian Pacific Congress of the International Confederation for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, in Seoul, Korea, October 1993.     

D4S1647、D6S2414基因座在中国汉族、蒙古族、藏族的遗传多态性

目的 调查D4S1647、D6S2414基因座在中国汉族、蒙古族、藏族群体中的遗传分布规律。方法 采集308份血及唾液标本应用PCR技术，扩增产物用非变性聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳分离，银染显色分析。结果 两位点各群体基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡，每一位点等位基因频率分布在各群体间无显著差异；通过对10个汉族家系的遗传模式分析，证实了两位点等位基因传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。结论 D4S1647、D6S2414基因座在中国汉族，蒙古族，藏族群体均具有高度遗传多态性。     

Single unit activity in the auditory cortex of a monkey performing a short term memory task

Summary Short term memory to tones (STMT) was investigated by recording single unit activity in the auditory cortex of a behaving monkey. The activity of each unit was studied in two behavioral conditions: a) During task performance, the monkey had to compare two tones separated by one second of silence (inter-stimulus interval), b) During a nonperforming period; the monkey heard the two tones but did not respond behaviorally. It was noted that the firing rate of many units during the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) was dependent on the frequency of the first tone. Such dependency was observed even towards the end of the ISI, both during task performance trials (50% of the units) and during the nonperforming period (32% of the units). The activity of these units could be the basis of STMT in both of these behavioral states. In 65% of all the units tested, the responses during the ISI were of a higher magnitude in the performance period than were the responses in the non-performance period. The activity of these units may be related either to general processes such as attention and expectation or to short-term memory processes. During task performance, the responses of 23% of the units to the second tone were dependent on whether its frequency was identical to that of the first tone. Such dependency was never observed during the non-performing period. These units may detect similarity or non similarity between two tones presented one second apart. Periodic patterns of firing were not found in the study, thus suggesting that the ISI responses were not generated by reverberatory activity in simple closed loops. On the basis of these results, several alternative mechanisms of STMT are suggested.     

多功能验光试镜装置的研制

本文介绍了一种多功能验光试镜装置的设计和应用，通过比较，得出该试镜架比之传统器械具有的优势，在可调散光轴位、可调瞳距、可调镜腿、可调鼻托方面更方便、简捷，且重量轻更加契合人体生理特点，进一步满足临床对眼镜度数的检查需要。最后提出了一些改进意见。     

中长跑和芭蕾舞运动中胫骨应力骨折的比较

胫骨应力骨折（ＳＦ）在芭蕾舞和中长跑运动员中均有一定发病率，作者调查某部新兵２６５人每日５０００米跑步，其胫骨应力骨折病发率为１１．６８％（３１／２６５人），骨折部位多在胫骨中段中后侧。芭蕾舞演员胫骨应力骨折病发率为８％（１５／６０人），骨折部位在胫骨下段前侧。应用新鲜尸体标本作负荷下胫骨多处的应变测定模拟跑步和足跟垫高模仿芭蕾舞时下肢负重位置的应变变化，分别于胫骨中段后侧测得有高压应力和胫骨下段前方有高张应力，此结果与调查中Ｘ线片病变部位相符。作者认为不同的运动使负重时胫骨所处姿势各不相同，而造成胫骨最大应力集中点位置各异，是造成芭蕾舞运动和中长跑运动中应力骨折部位不同的主要原因，预防和治疗工作应根据各自的应力性质和集中点部位来进行防治。     

Optic nerve injury demonstrated by MRI with STIR sequences

We studied nine patients with optic nerve injury associated with closed head trauma by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR) sequences on 11 occasions from 4 days to 14 years after the injury: three studies were within 17 days and eight over 4 months to 14 years. MRI revealed abnormal high signal in 10 of the 11 injured nerves. MRI 4 days after the injury showed no abnormality.     

Short utterance recognition using a network with minimum training

A feedforward network is used to recognize short, digitized, isolated utterances. A high, multispeaker recognition rate is achieved with a small vocabulary with a single training utterance. This approach makes use of the pattern recognition property of the network architecture to classify different temporal patterns in the multidimensional feature space. The network recognizes the utterances without the need of segmentation, phoneme identification, or time alignment. We train the network with four words spoken by one single speaker. The network is then able to recognize 20 tokens spoken by 5 other speakers. We repeat the above training and testing procedure using a different speaker's utterances for training each time. The overall accuracy is 97.5%. We compare this approach to the traditional dynamic programming (DP) approach, and find that DP with slope constraints of 0 and 1 achieve 98.5% and 85% accuracies respectively. Finally we validate out statistics by training and testing the network of a four-word subset of the Texas Instruments (Tl) isolated word database. The accuracy with this vocabulary exceeds 96%. By doubling the size of the training set, the accuracy is raised to 98%. Using a suitable threshold, we are able to raise the accuracy of one network from 87% to 98.5%. Thresholding applied to all networks would then raise the overall accuracy to well over 99%.

This technique is especially promising because of the low overhead and computational requirements, which make it suitable for a low cost, portable, command recognition type of application.     

田径运动员心缩间期的研究

<正> 近年来在运动医学领域中,心缩间期(STI)被认为是评定运动员心脏功能状况的指标之一。为了进一步探讨STI对于评定田径运动员的心脏功能状况的意义,我们进行了下列研究。     

靶向性蛋白激酶B1和环氧合酶-2 shRNA腺病毒载体的构建和在人胃癌细胞的表达

Objective To construct a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) adenovirus vector targeting protein kinase BI (PKB1/Akt1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and observe their expression in human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901. Methods Akt1 and COX-2 shRNA expression frames were sub-cloned to pGSadeno adenovirus vector by homologous recombination technology to construct pGSadeno-Aktl + COX-2 ( pGSadeno-A + C) vector. Furthermore after screening and amplification,recombinant ade-novirus vector was digested with Pacl and transfected into HEK293 cells. The replication adenovirus rAd5-A + C was packed and amplified in the HEK293 cells, and its titer was detected. After human SGC-7901 cells in vitro were transfected by rAd5-A + C,Akt1 and COX-2 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. Compared with rAdS-A + C,SGC-7901 and gen-eral rAd5-HK were selected as the negative controls. Results The recombinant adenovirus rAd5-A + C was constructed successfully and its titer reached 1.0 ×1010 pfu/ml. Aktl and COX-2 mRNA expression was downregulated significantly, and their ACt values ( 12.26±0.05 and 5.41±0.09 respectively ) were higher than rAd5-HK group (10.63±0.02 and 3.75 +0.08 respectively) and control group (10.57± 0.02 and 3.73±0.08 respectively) (P <0.01 ). There was no significant difference between rAd5-HK and control groups (P >0.05). Aktl and COX-2 protein expression was downregulated by 70.5% and 63.7% respectively ( P < 0.01 ) in rAd5-HK group as compared with control group ( P > 0.05 ). Conclu-sion The shRNA aclenovirus vector targeting Akt1 and COX-2 can specifically inhibit Akt1 and COX-2 expression,and this may be a new strategy in gastric carcinoma gene therapy targeting Akt1 and COX-2.     

短肠综合征患者血清瓜氨酸水平与小肠吸收面积和功能的相关性

目的研究短肠综合征患者血清瓜氨酸水平的变化及其与肠道面积及吸收功能的相关性。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定22例短肠患者（短肠组）和33例健康人（对照组）血清瓜氨酸水平。短肠患者残存小肠长度及直径采用X线造影检测，并测定短肠患者尿D-木糖排泄率和肠道蛋白吸收度。分析短肠患者血清瓜氨酸与残存小肠长度、面积、蛋白及D-木糖吸收的相关性。6例行肠康复治疗的患者测定康复治疗前后瓜氨酸、D-木糖及蛋白吸收水平的变化。结果短肠组血清瓜氨酸水平显著低于健康对照组[（5．94±2．65）比（16．87±5．97）μmol／L，P〈0．01]。短肠组患者血清瓜氨酸水平与残存小肠长度（r=0.82）及表面积（r=0.86）呈正相关，与尿D-木糖排泄（r=0.56）及肠道蛋白吸收（r=0.48）也呈正相关。6例行肠康复治疗的患者治疗后血清瓜氨酸水平、蛋白及D-木糖吸收均显著增加，但3者增加百分比之间并无相关。结论血清瓜氨酸水平与短肠患者的小肠吸收面积和吸收功能呈正相关，能反映短肠患者小肠功能和衰竭程度，是康复疗效的良好指标。