“Patient Care in Radiology”—The Staff's Perspective

The aim of this study was to research how the staff experience care expressed during the brief encounter with the patients in a diagnostic imaging department. This was a qualitative study with a phenomenological and hermeneutical frame of reference. The data were collected using field observations and semistructured interviews and analyzed according to the guidelines for meaning condensation by Giorgi. The imaging staff found that care is expressed in an administrative, an instrumental, and a compassionate sense. The imaging staff perceived care in a way that clearly differs from the traditional perception of care understood as the close relations between people. In their self-understanding, the staff found that care not only comprised the relational aspect but also that it was already delivered during the preparatory phases before the actual meeting with the patient and up until the image was electronically forwarded. And, care expressed in between was perceived as care in the traditional sense and termed as “patient care in radiology.”     

小儿短小手术的静脉全麻探讨与分析

目的探讨安全可靠,同时苏醒又快的静脉复合全麻方法。方法 2008年6月—2012年12月期间对486例采用单次静注氯胺酮诱导1~2mg/kg、丙泊酚4mg/（kg·h）＋1%低浓度的吸入维持手术中的麻醉。结果术毕15min内完全苏醒。结论对于短小（20min以内）且不需要肌肉松弛的手术,既可以满足手术要求,且苏醒很快,是一种安全可靠的麻醉方法。     

The genetic structure of native Americans in North America based on the Globalfiler® STRs

Current forensic STR databases, such as CODIS, lack population genetic data on Native American populations. Information from a geographically diverse array of tribes is necessary to provide improved statistical estimates of the strength of associations with DNA evidence. The Globalfiler® STR markers were used to characterize the genetic structure of ten tribal populations from seven geographic regions in North America, including those not presently represented in forensic databases. Samples from the Arctic region, Baja California, California/Great Basin, the Southeast, Mexico, the Midwest, and the Southwest were analyzed for allele frequencies, observed and expected heterozygosities, and F-statistics. The tribal samples exhibited an F_ST or θ value above the conservative 0.03 estimate recommended by the National Research Council (NRC) for calculating random match probabilities among Native Americans. The greater differentiation among tribal populations computed here (θ = 0.04) warrants the inclusion of additional regional Native American samples into STR databases.     

Acoustic Cues for Sound Source Distance and Azimuth in Rabbits, a Racquetball and a Rigid Spherical Model

There are numerous studies measuring the transfer functions representing signal transformation between a source and each ear canal, i.e., the head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), for various species. However, only a handful of these address the effects of sound source distance on HRTFs. This is the first study of HRTFs in the rabbit where the emphasis is on the effects of sound source distance and azimuth on HRTFs. With the rabbit placed in an anechoic chamber, we made acoustic measurements with miniature microphones placed deep in each ear canal to a sound source at different positions (10–160 cm distance, ±150° azimuth). The sound was a logarithmically swept broadband chirp. For comparisons, we also obtained the HRTFs from a racquetball and a computational model for a rigid sphere. We found that (1) the spectral shape of the HRTF in each ear changed with sound source location; (2) interaural level difference (ILD) increased with decreasing distance and with increasing frequency. Furthermore, ILDs can be substantial even at low frequencies when distance is close; and (3) interaural time difference (ITD) decreased with decreasing distance and generally increased with decreasing frequency. The observations in the rabbit were reproduced, in general, by those in the racquetball, albeit greater in magnitude in the rabbit. In the sphere model, the results were partly similar and partly different than those in the racquetball and the rabbit. These findings refute the common notions that ILD is negligible at low frequencies and that ITD is constant across frequency. These misconceptions became evident when distance-dependent changes were examined.     

Anatomic relationship of the radial nerve to the elbow joint: Clinical implications of safe pin placement

The percutaneous placement of lateral distal humeral pins risks injury to the radial nerve. We aimed to provide a reliable and safe parameter for the insertion of lateral distal humeral pins. A secondary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pin/screw placement in the intended zone of fixation at the lateral distal humerus. We dissected 70 fresh cadaveric upper limbs and the radial nerve was identified and its course followed into the anterior compartment. The point where the radial nerve crosses humerus in mid lateral plane was identified and the distance between this point and lateral epicondyle was measured, as was the maximum trans‐epicondylar distance, along with the olecranon fossa height. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The average trans‐epicondylar distance was measured at 62 ± 6 mm (range 52–78 mm), and the average lateral radial nerve height was 102 ± 10 mm (range 75–129 mm). The ratio of the lateral nerve height to the trans‐epicondylar distance was an average of 1.7 ± 0.2 (range 1.4–2.0). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the lateral nerve height and the trans‐epicondylar distance was r = 0.95. A relative dimension, the trans‐epicondylar distance is both reliable and easily accessible to the operating surgeon. The absolute safe zone for pin entry into the lateral distal humerus is that area lying within the caudad 70% of a line, equivalent in length to the patient's own trans‐epicondylar distance, when projected proximally from the lateral epicondyle. Clin. Anat. 22:684–688, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

腺病毒介导的靶向P85和Akt1短发夹RNA对人胃腺癌细胞生长抑制作用的研究

目的 构建靶向P85和蛋白激酶B1(PKB1/Akt1)的短发夹RNA(shRNA)腺病毒载体,研究其对人胃腺癌细胞SGC-7901生长的抑制效果.方法 构建腺病毒载体rAd5-P+A,体外转染SGC-7901细胞后,以实时定量PCR和Western blot分别检测P85和Akt1的mRNA和蛋白质的表达.以噻唑蓝比色分析法(MTT法)和流式细胞法评价转染后胃癌细胞的增殖活性.构建裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型进一步观察rAd5-P+A对SGC-7901细胞生长的抑制效果,并应用原位末端标记技术(TUNEL法)检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡情况.结果 成功构建的rAd5-P+A重组腺病毒载体转染SGC-7901细胞后可显著抑制p85和Akt1的mRNA表达,而P85和Aktl蛋白表达量在转染48 h、72 h后分别下调57.5%、63.7%和67.8%、75.6%,与空白对照组和通用腺病毒对照(rAd5-HK)组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.005,P=0.003).与空白对照组和rAd5-HK组相比,SGC-7901细胞的增殖活性在rAd5-P+A转染后第2天明显下降(P<0.001),且rAd5-P+A转染组进入S期的细胞数减少了5.9%～7.1%,而进入G0/G1期的细胞增加了12.1%～13.7%.裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型治疗实验也显示,rAd5-P+A可抑制胃癌细胞的生长,诱导细胞的凋亡.结论 腺病毒介导的靶向P85和Akt1的shRNA可抑制人胃腺癌细胞的生长,这可能为胃腺癌靶向性联合基因治疗提供新的策略.     

Patient acceptable symptom state and minimal clinically important difference for patient-reported outcomes in systemic sclerosis: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing personalized physical therapy to usual care

Background

To estimate patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for patient-reported outcomes in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

α1,3GT siRNA打靶杂合子猪肝细胞阴性表达半乳糖转移酶

目的 研究联合应用基因敲除及RNA干扰(siRNA)技术对猪α1，3半乳糖转移酶(α1，3GT)基因修饰后，阳性猪杂合子( ／-)肝细胞的GT基因是否获得有效沉默并影响人天然抗体介导的细胞毒性作用。方法用pPNTloxPneo和PMXSV／U6载体构建猪GT基因敲除并siRNA载体，转染中国实验用小型猪的肝细胞，筛选获取杂合子克隆( ／-)。Northern blot检测GT mRNA表达，四甲基偶氮唑盐方法评估天然抗体细胞毒性。结果 野生型和pPNTloxPGT转染的杂合子猪肝细胞的inRNA表达阳性，而pPNTloxPGTsiRNA载体转染的杂合猪肝细胞阴性表达α1，3GT mRNA;pPNTloxPGT转染细胞( ／-)和野生型( ／ )猪肝细胞对人天然抗体介导的细胞毒性实验敏感，而pPNTloxPGTsiRNA转染细胞( ／-)则对毒性试验敏感性明显下降，只检测到17％细胞毒性。结论 对猪GT联合应用基因敲除及SiRNA能够在阳性猪杂合子肝细胞内有效沉默GT基因，降低猪肝细胞对人天然抗体细胞毒的敏感性。