误种卡介苗引起小学生癔病流行的调查(附34例报告)

本文报告了秦皇岛市山海关区某村小学生，１９９５年１１月２３日因误种卡介苗发生癔病流行的症状、预后及处理经过。对误种卡介苗的学生处理不当，在促进症状发生和发展中起决定作用。据此提出了今后防治的建议。     

上海社区老年人用药安全及影响因素分析

目的：了解上海社区老年人群的用药安全情况及其影响因素，方法：以整群抽样的方法抽取上海市黄浦区两个居民委员会2985名60岁以上的居民进行问卷调查，了解其疾病和用药情况，用药反应，对安全用药的知识，态度，行为，以及影响其用药行为的因素，结果：被调查中高血压、冠心病、消化系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病的患病率分别为35．93％、10．67％、5．70％和3．71％。抗高血压药，心脑血管病药，消化系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病的患病率分别为35．93％、10．67％、5．70％和3．71％，抗高血压药、心脑血管病药，消化系统药和抗生素的使用率分别为31．72％、16．20％、2．43％和2．11％，过去30天内，51．33％的被调查用过药物，用药不良反应发生率为2．06％，对用药安全的正确知识，态度，行为率分别为71．62％、69．39％及60．67％，影响药物选择的因素中医生占88．19％，结论：老年人的用药安全仍存在问题，有待改进，医生是影响老年人药选择的最主要因素。     

大学生心理障碍干预实验研究

目的　探索有效的心理障碍治疗方法 ,降低大学生心理障碍发病率。方法　以经SCL - 90测试分析筛检出≥ 2项因子分在 2 3以上的心理障碍者 2 0 5人为研究对象 ,采取心理治疗、中药治疗、中药与心理疗法结合治疗 3种干预模式对实验组心理障碍者进行为期半年治疗 ,对实验组与空白对照组测试情况比较、各实验组组间比较 ,干预前、后测试结果比较 ,对干预效果进行评价。结果　 3个干预实验组与对照组相比 ,SCL - 90测试结果均低于对照组 ;干预前后SCL - 90测试总分、总均分、各因子分差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　 3种干预方式对心理障碍均有不同程度的疗效 ,以中药与心理疗法结合治疗效果最佳。     

阿合奇县柯尔克孜族女学生月经初潮状况的调查分析

目的：对阿合奇县柯尔克孜族女学生月经初潮年龄、身高、体重、痛经状况及经前症状等进行现况调查，为研究新疆柯尔克孜族人群的发育水平提供参考资料。方法：问卷形式进行调查，采用寿命表法计算初潮年龄等并采用作图法显示整个月经来潮过程。结果：柯尔克孜族女学生月经初潮年龄高峰为14岁，初潮发生季节高峰为夏季，平均初潮年龄呈提前趋势，有痛经和经前症状者较多。月经初潮对身高、体重有一定影响。结论：阿合奇县柯尔克孜族女学生平均初潮年龄明显提前，与我国汉族和其他少数民族青少年生长发育特点一致。     

淄博市属中学生恒牙患龋调查

目的　了解淄博市属中学学生患龋情况 ,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。　方法　采用随机整群抽样方法调查 12～ 18岁男、女中学生共 2 5 5 8人 ,并由经过培训的医务人员按全国口腔疾病常规检查方法调查其患龋情况。　结果　中学生患龋率为 2 1 15 % ( 5 4/2 5 5 8) ,城区学生类龋率高于农村地区学生 (P <0 0 1) ,女生患龋率高于男生 (P<0 0 5 ) ,而初中、高中学生之间差异无显著 (P >0 0 5 )。　结论　普及口腔保健知识和提高防护意识 ,改变饮食习惯是降低患龋率的重要措施     

医科蒙古族汉族大学生心理健康状况比较研究

目的：了解医科大学生的心理健康状况并进行民族、性别的比较。方法：采用ＳＣＬ－９０量表进行测查并进行统计分析。结果与结论：医科大学生ＳＣＬ－９０各因子均值都高于全国常模，有１９１％的学生存在较严重的心理卫生问题；汉族学生的心理卫生问题较蒙古族学生严重；女生的心理卫生问题较男生严重；人际关系、忧郁、强迫化是医科大学生主要的心理卫生问题。     

Basic sciences in problem-based learning and conventional curricula: students' attitudes

The purpose of this study was to compare the attitudes toward basic sciences of students in a preclinical problem-based curriculum and a conventional lecture-based curriculum at the end of their second year of medical school. The results showed that the PBL class had more positive attitudes toward basic sciences than students in the conventional class. These results may reflect a learning environment where students meet many scientist role models as teachers and where basic science is learnt in the context of clinical problems.     

The effects of an HIV/AIDS educational programme on the anxiety level of nursing students

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious disease that has special concern for the health care provider. AIDS has continued to grow despite control efforts. As the disease infectivity period remains lengthy, and the heterosexual population is affected to a greater degree, the level of anxiety has also risen despite educational endeavours. Many fears and anxieties have been associated with AIDS patients by health care workers. The reduction of stress, perceived risk and discomfort following educational efforts have been supported in past research. Educational programmes will need to be given for current health care workers at all levels as well as nursing students. Future nurses must be prepared to meet this challenge. This study was conducted using a convenience sample of nursing students at a university in western United States. Its purpose was to assess any changes that occurred in state anxiety following an educational presentation. Spielberge's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used as the measurement instrument. Some anxiety levels were significantly reduced.     

Factors determining the performance of medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait

An investigation was undertaken to determine the factors influencing performance of medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait. Data were collected for the first batch of 42 candidates who successfully passed the 7-year medical programme. Results showed high correlations between high-school admission grades and subsequent performance during the medical programme. Similar results were also obtained with English proficiency. A partial correlation controlling for English proficiency, however, showed a systematic decline in the magnitude of the correlations between high-school grades and performance during the medical programme. In fact the relationship between high-school GPA and clinical GPA was non-significant. A prominent influence of English proficiency on performance is indicated.     

武警部队医学生心理健康状况调查

目的　了解武警部队医学生心理健康状况 ,探讨增进武警部队学员心理健康的对策。方法　采用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )为工具 ,对随机抽取的 312名武警医学生进行心理健康状况测试。结果　武警医学生SCL - 90各项因子分普遍低于武警军人组和国内常模青年组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;总均分 1.39± 0 .34,低于武警军人组 (1.4 7± 0 .4 2 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　武警医学生心理健康状况优于武警军人和国内常模青年组。但仍存在问题 ,部队教育工作者应根据武警院校学员特点 ,积极开展心理卫生教育 ,以提高军校学员整体心理素质