Preservice early childhood students' perceptions of written feedback on their essays

Lecturer feedback on students' essays is important to the quality of the experience students have at university (Norton & Norton, 2001). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether early childhood students at one university actually read lecturer feedback on their essays and, if they did, what they found helpful and not helpful to their learning. Feedback was defined as 'giving students information on how well or how poorly they are doing in their academic work' (Hounsell, 1987, p. 109). Using the Vygotskian concept of learning as a socially shared activity, qualitative data were collected from second-year students from a four-year early childhood degree programme via an anonymous survey and four focus groups. Major findings were that, in contrast with studies of students in other programmes, early childhood students read lecturer feedback on their essays and used feedback that was detailed and explanatory as a learning tool. Types of feedback students found to be most and least useful were identified.     

小学生心理行为问题调查分析

目的:了解小学生存在的心理行为问题。方法:对116名7~12岁的小学生分别用Achenbach儿童行为调查表、教师报告表、Conners父母症状问卷、Conners教师用简明问卷进行评定。结果:低、高年级组各行为问题分差异无显著性,教师问卷与家长问卷相比,大多数差异显著。儿童行为问题检出率20.0%。结论:结合家长与教师的评价,有助于全面了解学生;对注意缺陷多动障碍应严格按照诊断标准判断,以免将其扩大化。     

乌鲁木齐市中学生健康行为调查分析

目的监测和了解中学生主要的健康危险行为和保护性因素的情况。方法由美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)统一采用专门的抽样软件抽取乌鲁木齐市25所中学,并采用整群抽样方法抽取学校的班级并对班级中的13~15岁在校学生进行问卷调查。结果每天运动60分钟以上的学生占16.1%;父母或监护人一直或大多数时间里理解被监护人遇到的问题和烦恼的学生占36.0%;曾经感到孤独的学生占8.2%;曾做过自杀计划的人占9.0%,曾经认真想过自杀的学生占20.4%;曾经尝试过吸烟的学生占31.2%;第一次尝试酒精的年龄在13岁以上的学生占33.5%;曾经使用过1次以上毒品的学生占1.4%;参加8次以上打架的学生占22.2%。结论中学生中存在比较严重的健康行为方面的问题,突出表现在缺少体育运动,心理健康问题严重、有自杀倾向,吸烟、饮酒和使用毒品等,必须引起教育和卫生部门的高度重视,并提早给予干预,以促进少年儿童的健康发展。     

留守因素、家庭关系对留守中学生人格的影响

目的 了解留守因素、家庭关系对留守中学生人格的影响。方法 于2019-2022年采用《艾森克人格问卷》少年版和《家庭亲密度与适应性量表》对眉山市某县级中学1 424名中学生进行调查。结果 纳入的受访者中,616名为留守中学生(占43.26%)。除了人格的精神质维度外,留守与非留守中学生在人格的其余维度及家庭关系的亲密度、适应性两个维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结构方程模型分析显示,在留守初中生中,母亲外出时个体年龄对家庭亲密度有正向影响,路径系数为0.169;家庭亲密度对精神质与神经质有正向影响,路径系数分别为0.310、0.296;父亲在外时间长短对神经质有负向影响,路径系数为-0.146(P<0.05)。在留守高中生中,父亲外出时个体年龄对人格中的内外向有负向影响,路径系数为-0.111;母亲外出时个体年龄对精神质有负向影响,路径系数为-0.125;父亲在外时间长短对家庭亲密度、家庭适应性有负向影响,路径系数分别为-0.146、-0.163;家庭亲密度对精神质、神经质有正向影响,路径系数分别为0.253、0.266;家庭适应性对内外向有负向影响,路径系数为-0.241(P<0.05)。结论 留守经历会影响中学生的人格和家庭关系,但留守初中生和高中生在留守因素、家庭关系对人格特征的影响有所不同。     

Assessment of knowledge,attitude, and practice of glaucoma among different cadres of optometrists

Purpose:To assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and clinical practice of glaucoma among optometry students and optometry practitioners with different years of clinical experience and academic background.Methods:A survey with 20 questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of glaucoma was prepared and self-administered to optometry students and optometry practitioners practicing in an eye hospital/clinic/optical with varied years of clinical experience and education qualification.Results:Among the 558 participants, 57% were optometry practitioners and 43% were students. The knowledge scores among optometry practitioners increased significantly with an increase in the years of clinical experience (P < 0.001). Participants with master’s degrees scored higher than participants with bachelor’s degrees (P = 0.12). There was no statistically significant difference in knowledge scores based on the type of clinical practice - hospital, private practice, or optical (P = 0.39). Practicing optometrists who performed slit-lamp examination, gonioscopy, IOP measurements, and disc evaluation for the detection of glaucoma had significantly higher knowledge scores than those who did not perform these tests in their practice (P < 0.05). A positive attitude toward glaucoma learning through workshops and hands-on training was reported by optometrists and students.Conclusion:Knowledge about glaucoma was good among optometrists and optometry students and was better among those who handled the diagnostics. All the optometrists had a positive attitude toward enhancing their practice through proper training.     

实习前护理专科学生睡眠质量及其影响因素

目的:研究实习前护理专科学生(护生)的睡眠质量及影响因素. 方法:采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和自行设计的调查问卷对193名实习前护生进行调查. 结果:实习前护生睡眠差者占19.7%;PSQI总分为(5.990±2.834)分;影响因素有人际关系复杂、担心实习单位分配不好、学习压力大、家庭经济状况、考试因素、担心饮食和生活习惯明显改变和感到前途渺茫等. 结论:影响实习前护生睡眠质量的因素是多方面的,应采取多种措施改善睡眠,保证身心健康.     

A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Youth Mental Health and Substance use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario,Canada: An Exploratory Analysis

BackgroundYouth mental health appears to have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact on substance use is less clear, as is the impact on subgroups of youth, including those with pre-existing mental health or substance use challenges.ObjectiveThis hypothesis-generating study examines the longitudinal evolution of youth mental health and substance use from before the COVID-19 pandemic to over one year into the pandemic among youth with pre-existing mental health or substance use challenges.MethodA total of 168 youth aged 14–24 participated. Participants provided sociodemographic data, as well as internalizing disorder, externalizing disorder, and substance use data prior to the pandemic’s onset, then every two months between April 2020–2021. Linear mixed models and Generalized Estimating Equations were used to analyze the effect of time on mental health and substance use. Exploratory analyses were conducted to examine interactions with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsThere was no change in internalizing or externalizing disorder scores from prior to the pandemic to any point throughout the first year of the pandemic. Substance use scores during the pandemic declined compared to pre-pandemic scores. Exploratory analyses suggest that students appear to have experienced more mental health repercussions than non-students; other sociodemographic and clinical characteristics did not appear to be associated with mental health or substance use trajectories.ConclusionsWhile mental health remained stable and substance use declined from before the COVID-19 pandemic to during the pandemic among youth with pre-existing mental health challenges, some youth experienced greater challenges than others. Longitudinal monitoring among various population subgroups is crucial to identifying higher risk populations. This information is needed to provide empirical evidence to inform future research directions.     

大学生中医就医情况及对中医药现状认识情况调查

目的：了解大学生的中医就医情况和对中医药发展状况的认识。方法：采用分层抽样的方法对青海省某大学500名学生进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷486份。结果：34.4%的调查对象以前看过中医,89.9%的调查对象以前用过中药;93.8%的调查对象认为应大力发展中医药,84.8%的认为虚假宣传影响中医药发展,对中医药人才缺乏、支持力度小、群众基础薄弱等观点的认同较低,只有6位学生（1.2%）赞同废除中医。结论：大学生就医买药倾向于西医西药,且对目前中医药发展现状有着深刻的认识,中医机构和专业人士应加大对中医药的宣传和加强行业自律。     

青岛崂山二中新疆高中班学生急性阑尾炎高发病原因调查

目的了解青岛市崂山二中新疆班高中学生急性阑尾炎高发病的原因,对实施预防干预及提高群体健康水平提供依据。方法设计流行病学调查表,收集青岛地区新疆高中班学生急性阑尾炎发病相关资料,进行整理分析。结果2002～2005年急性阑尾炎平均年发病率为2.24%(30/1338),明显高于青岛本地班学生(P<0.01);2006～2007平均年发病率为0.67%(5/750),较前几年明显下降(P<0.01)。饮食因素、生活方式、自然地理变迁及种族因素对高发病起到重要作用。结论青岛地区新疆高中班学生急性阑尾炎高发病率是自然地理、社会地理以及医学地理因素综合作用的结果。     

大学生不安全依恋与拖延的关系：正念与自我控制的作用路径

背景 预防和干预大学生的拖延行为具有重要现实意义。已有研究表明,正念、自我控制、不安全依恋和拖延两两相关,但目前关于不安全依恋对拖延的作用机制仍不清楚,且缺乏二者间作用路径的研究。目的 探讨大学生不安全依恋对拖延的影响以及正念与自我控制的作用路径,以期为大学生拖延问题的干预提供参考。方法 于2023年2月—4月,采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取广东省4所高校的514名在校大学生为研究对象。采用非理性拖延量表（IPS）、成人依恋量表（AAS）、正念注意觉知量表（MAAS）和简式自我控制量表（BSCS）进行调查。使用Pearson相关分析考查各量表评分的相关性,使用Bootstrap法进行中介效应检验。结果 大学生AAS评分与IPS评分呈正相关（r=0.382,P<0.01）,与MAAS和BSCS评分均呈负相关（r=-0.242、-0.353,P均<0.01）;IPS评分与MAAS和BSCS评分均呈负相关（r=-0.314、-0.682,P均<0.01）;MAAS评分与BSCS评分呈正相关（r=0.439,P<0.01）。不安全依恋正向预测拖延（β=0.377,P<0.01）,自我控制是不安全依恋与拖延之间的作用路径,间接效应值为0.163（95% CI：0.105~0.223）,占总效应的43.24%,且正念与自我控制可能是不安全依恋与拖延之间的链式作用路径,间接效应值为0.056（95% CI：0.028~0.089）,占总效应的14.85%。结论 不安全依恋可以直接影响大学生拖延,也可以通过自我控制的独立作用路径及正念与自我控制的链式作用路径影响大学生拖延。