The “Territorial Self:” Theoretical Propositions for a Phenomenological Understanding of Schizophrenia

ObjectivesThis theoretical paper discusses the integration of a “territorial self” alongside the minimal and narrative selves most commonly described by contemporary phenomenology and used by phenomenological psychopathology.MethodsWe start from the schizophrenic experience and the tools for understanding it, in order to highlight some limitations in the use of vocal communication within the clinical system to evoke phenomena that are a priori pre-linguistic.ResultsThis theoretical path, which requires an openness to clinical observation and intersubjectivity, leads to nosographic and therapeutic implications that seem useful to us from a phenomenological perspective.DiscussionFrom a nosographic standpoint, we discuss the (non- systematic) crossovers between the schizophrenic experience and the psychotic experience; whereas, from a therapeutic standpoint, the proposal of the territorial self allows us to insist on the fact that the clinical relationship is characterized as much by an analysis of experience and a discussion about it as it is by a joint practice and an experiential experience requiring a common ground.ConclusionsThe “territorial self” proves to be a fruitful and heuristic theoretical proposal, enriching nosographic debates in the field of psychosis, and contributing to a reflection on the practice of psychotherapy.     

内毒素耐受研究进展

背景 细菌内毒素(endotoxin,ET)或细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)入血是大多临床全身性炎症综合征和感染性休克的首要原因,而ET或LPS耐受却对机体有一定保护作用.但有关ET耐受的机制还不完全清楚. 目的 综述近年来有关ET耐受的研究进展,为未来有关ET耐受机制的研究提供指导. 内容 主要从细胞水平、受体水平、信号通路水平、分子水平研究ET耐受机制的进展情况. 趋向 进一步研究ET耐受中的分子调控机制.     

Kinematic cues and recognition of self-generated actions

In the present study, we addressed the issue of whether healthy individuals can recognize a given gesture as their own, based on kinematic information. To this purpose, we required 36 volunteers to execute a series of hand movements of increasing complexity, while their kinematics was recorded by a motion-capture system. In a later session, we showed them a series of computer animations where a virtual hand, rendered as a simple stick-diagram, was animated by the kinematics recorded from the participants in the previous session. Their task was to recognize their own movements, choosing from three alternatives. To test the contribution of various potential cues to action recognition, the roles of (1) access to motor representation, (2) gesture complexity, and (3) familiarity effects were separately investigated. The results support the hypothesis that kinematic templates rather than single motor parameters contribute to self-recognition in the absence of morphological cues.     

Development and psychometric properties of the Self-Efficacy Scale for transfers for caregivers of children requiring transfer assistance

OBJECTIVE: To test the psychometric properties of a newly developed measure of caregiver self-efficacy, the Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale for Transfers (CSEST), a 14-item questionnaire that measures the perceived self-efficacy of adult caregivers of dependent children and focuses on their perceived abilities and the challenges of assisting a child with restricted transfer ability. DESIGN: Reliability and validity study using survey data. SETTING: Community-based survey study. PARTICIPANTS: Adult caregivers (eg, mother, father, grandparent) of dependent minors who require transfer assistance. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Using the Rasch measurement model, the CSEST was tested for reliability and separation, validity (hierarchical and content), and factor structure. RESULTS: The CSEST yields data with sufficient reliability (reliability indices of .96 and .94 for respondents and items, respectively) as well as sufficient separation of levels of self-efficacy (item separation index, 4.13; person separation index, 5.23). The CSEST has a stable hierarchical structure with adequate content validity (standardized chi2 fit statistics <2.0) and point biserial correlations greater than .67. Factor analysis confirmed 2 insubstantial subscales; the 14-item CSEST accounted for greater than 85% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: The CSEST yields reliable data and valid inferences of self-efficacy from adult caregivers of children requiring transfer assistance. The CSEST may identify areas of need and/or difficulty with transfers for parents caring for dependent children.     

延续性自我管理教育在缺血性脑卒中患者康复中的应用研究

目的探讨延续性自我管理教育在缺血性脑卒中患者康复过程中的作用。方法选缺血性脑卒中患者162例,随机分为干预组和对照组。两组均接受常规健康教育,干预组患者在此基础上接受综合自我管理教育,包括4期康复训练和缺血性脑卒中危险因素控制。观察出院6、12、24个月时,两组缺血性脑卒中康复知识知晓情况及二级预防行为、缺血性脑卒中危险因素达标率及卒中事件发生情况。结果缺血性脑卒中康复知识及二级预防行为得分:干预组6、12、24个月明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。缺血性脑卒中危险因素达标率比较:6个月时干预组低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、运动达标率好于对照组(P<0.05);12和24个月时缺血性脑卒中危险因素达标率均好于对照组(P<0.05);与入院时比较,干预组6、12、24个月戒烟和运动达标率均显著增高(P<0.05),而对照组仅6个月时戒烟达标率增加明显(P<0.05)。随访2年,干预组卒中再发率少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论延续性自我管理教育有助于提高缺血性卒中患者健康知识和疾病自我管理能力,从而防止和减少卒中事件的发生,是一种安全、有效、依从性高的卒中康复模式。     

The quantified patient: a patient participatory culture

The Quantified Self Movement, which aims to improve various aspects of life and health through recording and reviewing daily activities and biometrics, is a new and upcoming practice of self monitoring that holds much promise. Now, the most underutilized resource in ambulatory health care, the patient, can participate like never before, and the patient’s Quantified Self can be directly monitored and remotely accessed by health care professionals.     

Measurement of psychological adjustment to diabetes with the diabetes acceptance scale

Aims

To develop a psychometric measure of diabetes acceptance.