前列腺癌患者自我效能与急诊就诊频率的关系

目的探讨前列腺癌患者自我效能与急诊就诊频率的关系。方法选取2014年1月—2015年1月于江苏省徐州市肿瘤医院泌尿外科门诊就诊的前列腺癌患者105例。采用问卷调查法收集一般资料,应用医患相互作用自我效能感简表(perceived efficacy in patient-physician Interactions,PEPPI)评价患者的自我效能,电话随访患者急诊就诊次数。根据其是否存在急诊就诊经历,分成急诊就诊组和非急诊就诊组。采用生存曲线分析患者急诊就诊率,单因素t检验分析患者一般资料和PEPPI评分差异,将存在统计学差异的因素纳入多因素Cox回归分析;采用Spearman相关性分析研究患者急诊就诊次数与PEPPI评分的关系,比较两组患者PEPPI分值分布差异。结果随访期间,31例患者到急诊就诊,急诊就诊率31.0%;单因素分析显示,两组患者年龄、前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)、PEPPI评分、肿瘤直径、首次治疗方式、Gleason评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素Cox回归进一步筛选,PEPPI评分、肿瘤直径、根治性手术方式、Gleason评分7分对患者是否急诊就诊具有显著影响,且PEPPI评分的影响程度较大;相关性分析提示,急诊就诊组患者就诊频率与患者PEPPI评分存在负相关关系;两组患者PEPPI评分构成比差异较大。结论 PEPPI评分可能影响前列腺癌患者急诊就诊的概率,且其与急诊就诊频率呈负相关,自我效能高的患者急诊就诊频率低。临床可采取干预措施提高前列腺癌患者的自我效能,避免非急诊患者的急诊就诊,有利于急诊资源的合理利用。     

腰椎间盘突出症患者术后康复锻炼自我效能及其影响因素的调查

目的 描述腰椎间盘突出症患者术后康复锻炼自我效能水平,分析患者术后康复锻炼自我效能的影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样法选取2016年1月至6月在上海市第六人民医院骨科脊柱外科病区实施腰椎后路减压融合内固定术的患者120例为研究对象。采用自行设计患者一般资料量表、一般自我效能感量表和腰椎JOA评分表分别于患者术前和术后6个月对患者进行调查。结果 数据的单因素分析可以看出,自我效能感与职业,家庭成员之间关系,医疗费用来源,年龄,体重指数以及腰椎JOA术后评分,改善指数和改善率是相关的。数据的多元线性回归分析显示：职业,年龄,体重指数和改善指数是自我效能感的影响因素。结论 护理人员对职业为农民或家务的患者、年龄较大的患者、体重指数较高的患者给予更多的康复指导和鼓励,以提高患者的康复锻炼自我效能水平和增强康复效果。     

Orem自护理论对脑中风偏瘫患者自护能力和生活质量的影响研究

目的：探讨 Orem 自护理论对脑中风偏瘫患者自护能力和生活质量的影响。方法将该院收治的90例脑中风偏瘫患者随机分为干预组和对照组各45例,对照组采用常规护理方法;干预组按照 Orem 自护理论实施护理干预。比较二组患者护理后日常生活能力、焦虑情绪、社会支持水平和生活质量。结果护理后二组患者 BI 评分显著增加,SAS 评分显著降低（P＜0．05）,其中护理后干预组 BI 、SAS 评分显著优于对照组,二组间相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;护理后干预组各 SSRS 评分指标显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）;护理后二组患者角色功能、社会功能、身体功能、情绪功能以及总生活质量评分均显著高于对照组,组间相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论 Orem 自护理论应用于脑中风偏瘫患者能够提高患者的自护能力能和生活质量,值得临床推广。     

Functional Status Is Associated With 30-Day Potentially Preventable Hospital Readmissions After Inpatient Rehabilitation Among Aged Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries

ObjectivesTo determine the association between patients' functional status at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and 30-day potentially preventable hospital readmissions. A secondary objective was to examine the conditions resulting in these potentially preventable readmissions.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingInpatient rehabilitation facilities submitting claims to Medicare.ParticipantsNational cohort (N=371,846) of inpatient rehabilitation discharges among aged Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in 2013 to 2014. The average age was 79.1±7.6 years. Most were women (59.7%) and white (84.5%).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome Measures(1) Observed rates and adjusted odds of 30-day potentially preventable hospital readmissions after inpatient rehabilitation and (2) primary diagnoses for readmissions.ResultsThe overall rate of any 30-day hospital readmission after inpatient rehabilitation was 12.4% (n=46,265), and the overall rate of potentially preventable readmissions was 5.0% (n=18,477). Functional independence was associated with lower observed rates and adjusted odds ratios for potentially preventable readmissions. Observed rates for the highest versus lowest quartiles within each functional domain were as follows: self-care: 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–3.5) versus 6.9% (95% CI, 6.7–7.1), mobility: 3.3% (95% CI, 3.2–3.4) versus 7.2% (95% CI, 7.0–7.4), and cognition: 3.5% (95% CI, 3.4–3.6) versus 6.2% (95% CI, 6.0–6.4), respectively. Similarly, adjusted odds ratios were as follows: self-care: .70 (95% CI, .67–.74), mobility: .64 (95% CI, .61–.68), and cognition: .84 (95% CI, .80–.89). Infection-related conditions (44.1%) were the most common readmission diagnoses followed by inadequate management of chronic conditions (31.2%) and inadequate management of other unplanned events (24.7%).ConclusionsFunctional status at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation was associated with 30-day potentially preventable readmissions in our sample of aged Medicare beneficiaries. This information may help identify at-risk patients. Future research is needed to determine whether follow-up programs focused on improving functional independence will reduce readmission rates.     

Comparison of Self-Report Versus Sensor-Based Methods for Measuring the Amount of Upper Limb Activity Outside the Clinic

Objective

To compare self-reported with sensor-measured upper limb (UL) performance in daily life for individuals with chronic (≥6mo) UL paresis poststroke.

Nursing clinical practice changes to improve self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Aim

To propose nursing clinical practice changes to improve the development of patient self‐management.

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the main causes of chronic morbidity, loss of quality of life and high mortality rates.

Introduction

Control of the disease's progression, the preservation of autonomy in self‐care and maintenance of quality of life are extremely challenging for patients to execute in their daily living. However, there is still little evidence to support nursing clinical practice changes to improve the development of self‐management.

Methods

A participatory action research study was performed in a medicine inpatient department and the outpatient unit of a Portuguese hospital. The sample comprised 52 nurses and 99 patients. For data collection, we used interviews, participant observation and content analysis.

Results

The main elements of nursing clinical practice that were identified as a focus for improvement measures were the healthcare model, the organization of healthcare and the documentation of a support decision‐making process. The specific guidelines, the provision of material to support decision‐making and the optimization of information sharing between professionals positively influenced the change process. This change improved the development of self‐management skills related to the awareness of the need for ‘change’, hope, involvement, knowledge and abilities.

Discussion

The implemented changes have improved health‐related behaviours and clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

To support self‐management development skills, an effective nursing clinical practice change is needed. This study has demonstrated the relevance of a portfolio of techniques and tools to help patients adopt healthy behaviours.

Implications for nursing and/or health policy

The involvement and participation of nurses and patients in the conceptualization, implementation and evaluation of policy change are fundamental issues to improve the quality of nursing care and clinical outcomes.     

Action‐Monitoring Alterations as Indicators of Predictive Deficits in Schizophrenia

A flexible and dynamically adjustable behavior is crucial to adapt to a continuously changing environment. In order to optimally adapt, we need to learn from the consequences of our behavior. We usually learn through different kinds of prediction errors, which occur when we experience unexpected situations due to false predictions. With this literature review, we intended to contribute to current etiological models that ascribe various positive symptoms (particularly delusions and hallucinations) in patients with schizophrenia to false prediction errors and deficient predictive learning. We discuss alterations in the electrophysiological measure of the error‐related negativity/error negativity (ERN/Ne) as a global deficit and a trait in schizophrenia, as they have been observed in different samples of patients with schizophrenia, in individuals at high‐risk and individuals with subclinical schizotypal traits. As the ERN/Ne can itself be considered the result of predictive processes (evaluation of current action outcomes as worse than expected), we propose that the reported alterations indicate that patients suffering from schizophrenic illnesses fail to adequately classify the outcomes of their actions as better or worse than expected due to a deficit in self‐monitoring. Furthermore, we discuss results in further action‐monitoring components, such as the correct response negativity (CRN)—a smaller negativity elicited by correct responses; and error positivity (Pe)—a later positivity assumed to reflect conscious error processing. The reported results show normal Pe amplitudes and normal post‐error adjustments (adaptations after committed error to improve performance), indicating an intact later and conscious processing. From the results of diminished differences between ERN/Ne and CRN amplitudes, we conclude a general predictive deficit in early aspects of self‐monitoring associated with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.     

离异家庭大学生自我和谐调查

目的了解离异家庭大学生自我和谐情况,从而为离异家庭大学生自我和谐提供建议。方法采用自我和谐量表(SCCS),选取泰山学院38名离异家庭大学生为研究对象,抽取172名完整家庭大学生为参照系。结果与常模差异性检验,离异家庭大学生的"自我的灵活性"与"自我的刻板性"存在显著的差异(t=4.88,5.02;P<0.01);不同性别、不同年龄的离异家庭大学生在"自我和谐"总分及3个因子上不存在显著差异;离异家庭大学生的"自我的刻板性"和"自我的灵活性"与非离异家庭大学生存在显著的差异(t=5.23,-4.56;P<0.01)。结论离异家庭大学生自我和谐度低于正常家庭大学生,尤其在"自我的灵活性"和"自我的刻板性"上存在一定问题。     

Narrative representations of caregivers and self in maltreated pre-schoolers

This study examined narrative representations of parents and of self, as well as child behavior during the assessment, in maltreated (N = 56) and demographically comparable non-maltreated (N = 37) pre-school-aged children in a one-year longitudinal study. Maltreated children evidenced more negative representations of parents and of self at Time 2, including the juxtaposition of both a negative and a grandiose self. Over time there was a marginal interaction such that maltreated children portrayed fewer disciplining parent representations and nonmaltreated children portrayed more. Also over time, maltreated children portrayed marginally more grandiose self-representations and nonmaltreated children fewer. Furthermore, maltreated children demonstrated less responsivity to the examiner over time and nonmaltreated children demonstrated more. The deleterious effects of maltreatment on representations of self and of others, especially as development proceeds, are discussed, and the importance of providing attachment-informed intervention prior to the consolidation of these negative representations is highlighted.     

不同表面处理方法在纳米混合树脂复合材料修复中的应用

目的： 分析不同表面处理方法和粘接剂自酸蚀功能单体对树脂-复合材料界面即时修复粘结强度和完整性的影响。方法： 采用纳米树脂复合材料制作98个树脂复合材料,随机分为A1、A2、B1、B2、C、D组,各14个试件。表面未处理的试件作为阳性对照组（14个试件）。A1组用Gluma 通用粘接剂系统抛光,A2组用Gluma 通用粘接剂系统抛光、喷砂,B1组用Tokuyama Bond ForceⅡ^TM粘结系统抛光,B2组用Tokuyama Bond ForceⅡ^TM抛光、喷砂,C组仅经抛光样品组。D组仅做喷砂。采用与底物相同的树脂复合材料,对修复后试件进行剪切粘结强度（shear bond strength,SBS）测试,所有样本均进行电子显微镜扫描、测定表面轮廓,进行失效分析。采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学处理。结果： D组修复粘结强度显著高于阴性对照组（P<0.05）,A1、A2、B2、B1组粘结强度显著高于C、D组（P<0.05）;B1、D或A1组相比,粘结强度无显著差异（P>0.05）;B2组、阳性对照组粘结强度无显著差异（P>0.05）。除喷砂、TBFⅡ外,阳性对照组粘合强度值显著高于A1、C组（P<0.05）。抛光后表面粘合失效率高于喷砂样本（P<0.05）;抛光、Gluma处理样品粘合失败率高于抛光、TBFⅡ处理样品（P<0.05）;喷砂、TBFⅡ处理的表面内聚破坏率高于抛光、TBFⅡ处理（P<0.05）。抛光技术的表面粗糙度与喷砂技术相比,较规则且粗糙度较低（P<0.05）。结论： 经喷砂处理的复合材料基材加TBFⅡ,其修复粘结性最强,且表面内聚破坏率较高,TBFⅡ处理粘合失败率低。但经喷砂处理后的材料易堆积食物残渣,而抛光后的材料则不易发生。使用喷砂处理的复合材料基材上加TBFⅡ的患者,需正确有效地维护口腔卫生。