Vitek 2 Compact和MicroScan WalkAway 40 SI检测MRSA的性能评价

目的评价Vitek 2 Compact和MicroScan WalkAway 40 SI两台全自动微生物鉴定仪检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的性能。方法将临床分离的124株金黄色葡萄球菌随机分成39株和85株,分别用Vitek 2 COMPACT和MicroScan WalkAway 40 SI全自动微生物鉴定仪进行细菌鉴定及药敏分析,确认表型是否为MRSA;同时用PCR方法检测mecA及mecC基因以确定为MRSA;以PCR检测结果为金标准评价两台细菌分析仪检测MRSA的灵敏度、特异度和符合率。结果 Vitek 2 Compact和MicroScan WalkAway 40 SI检测MRSA的检出率分别为56.41%（22/39）,51.76%（44/85）;PCR方法检出mecA阳性菌株分别为22株、44株,均未检出mecC阳性菌株,即PCR法检测MRSA的检出率为分别为56.41%（22/39）,51.76%（44/85）;以PCR方法为金标准,则Vitek 2 Compact检测MRSA的灵敏度为95.45%,特异性为94.12%,符合率为94.87%;MicroScan WalkAway 40 SI检测MRSA的敏感度为93.18%,特异度为92.68%,符合率为92.94%。结论 Vitek 2COMPACT全自动微生物鉴定仪对MRSA的检出率、灵敏度、特异度和符合率均优于MicroScan WalkAway 40 SI,二者的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,均可用于MRSA的检测。     

Quinoline: A promising antitubercular target

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem in recent years. TB originated mainly from various strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a highly infectious and chronic disease with high infection rate since ancient times. Since the last 50 years, the same long-duration, multidrug treatment plan is being followed for the treatment of tuberculosis. Due to the development of resistance to conventional antibiotics there is a need for new therapeutic strategies to combat M. tuberculosis. Subsequently, there is an urgent need for the development of new drug molecules with newer targets and with an alternative mechanism of action. Among hetrocyclic compounds, quinoline compounds are important privileged structure in medicinal chemistry, are widely used as “parental” compounds to synthesize molecules with medical benefits, especially with anti-malarial and anti-microbial activities. Certain, quinoline-based compounds, also show effective anti-TB activity. This broad spectrum of biological and biochemical activities has been further facilitated by the synthetic versatility of quinoline, which allows the generation of a large number of structurally diverse derivatives. To pave the way for future research, there is a need to collect the latest information in this promising area. In the present review, we have collated published reports on this versatile core to provide an insight so that its full therapeutic potential can be utilized for the treatment tuberculosis. It is hoped that, this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic quinoline-based anti-TB drugs.     

Depression,suicidal motivation and suicidal ideation among individuals with asthma: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAsthma is a chronic disease associated with risk of depression and suicidal events. The present study estimated the frequency of depression, suicidal motivation (SM) and suicidal ideation (SI) and identified clinical and psychosocial factors associated with these outcomes among individuals with asthma.MethodsCross-sectional study of a non-probabilistic sample of 1,358 adults with asthma and controls without asthma. Asthma severity and asthma control were assessed by a physician according to WHO (2009) and GINA (2012) criteria. Depression, SM and SI were screened by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Psychosocial factors were evaluated by a Community Violence Questionnaire, a Social Support Scale, a Stress Perceived Scale and a Resilience Scale. Chi-Square Test, and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate association between variables and outcomes.ResultsAmong all participants, 222 (16.30%) had depression, 331 (24.40%) SM and 73 (5.40%) SI. There were 138 (12.10%) individuals with mild depression and SM, and 14 (1.20%) with mild depression and SI. After adjustment, severe asthma (SA) increased the chance of depression by 53.00% whereas mild to moderate asthma (MMA) increased by eleven-fold the likelihood of SI. Perception of low social support increased the chance of depression (OR 3.59; 95% CI, 2.44–5.28) and low resilience by (OR 2.96; 95% CI, 2.00–4.38); distress increased the odds of SM by 37.00%, and low affective support perception raised the likelihood of SI by (OR 6.82; 95% CI, 1.94–2.90).ConclusionsAsthma, whether mild to moderate or severe, increased the chance of depression and SI. It is noteworthy that individuals with mild depression and MMA are at greater risk for SM and SI. Among the psychosocial variables, perception of low social support and low resilience were the variables associated with depression; distress impacted on SM, and the perception of low affective support raised the chance of SI.     

Resolution of chronic hepatitis B and anti-HBs seroconversion in humans by adoptive transfer of immunity to hepatitis B core antigen

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Impaired T-cell reactivity is believed to be the dominant cause of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We characterized HBV-specific T-cell responses in chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers who received bone marrow from HLA-identical donors with natural immunity to HBV and seroconverted to antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. METHODS: T-cell reactivity to HBV antigens and peptides was assessed in a proliferation assay, the frequency of HBV core- and surface-specific T cells was quantified directly by ELISPOT assays, and T-cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: CD4+ T-cell reactivity to HBV core was common in bone marrow donors and the corresponding recipients after hepatitis B surface antigen clearance, whereas none reacted to surface, pre-S1, or pre-S2 antigens. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells from donor/recipient pairs recognized similar epitopes on hepatitis B core antigen; using polymerase chain reaction for the Y chromosome, the recipients' CD4+ T lymphocytes were confirmed to be of donor origin. The frequency of core-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was several-fold higher than those specific for surface antigen. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence in humans that transfer of hepatitis B core antigen-reactive T cells is associated with resolution of chronic HBV infection. Therapeutic immunization with HBV core gene or protein deserves further investigation in patients with chronic hepatitis B.     

HPLC／DAD光谱相似指数法在雪莲指纹图中的研究

目的:研究中药指纹图谱成分的获取与表征方法,增加表征信息量,提高指纹图谱特征峰的专属性、可靠性。方法:采用HPLC/DAD法对7个产地的雪莲进行了测定,以ODS C_(18)(150mm×6mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为水(含0.61%柠檬酸)-乙腈-异丙醇(400∶188∶20),检测波长200～400nm。用Shimadzu DAD软件对不同产地雪莲色谱图中共有8强峰进行光谱相似检验。结果:不同产地雪莲的色谱指纹图中的共有8强峰的UV光谱图完全一致。光谱相似指数为1。结论:用UV光谱相似指数法进行雪莲色谱指纹图中共有峰的相似检验,在三维图基础上,增加了色谱峰的表征信息量,提高了指纹图谱特征峰的专属性、可靠性、建立了一种较科学的指纹图谱研究方法。