Interaction between immunoglobulin allotypes and NK receptor genes in diabetes post-hepatitis C virus infection

Genetic interactions between natural killer (NK) cells immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and immunoglobulin allotypes have been previously reported in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Puerto Rican Americans with a history of intravenous drug use who developed DM following HCV infection (n = 32) were compared to individuals infected with HCV without diabetes (n = 121) and to DM non-infected individuals (n = 95). Subjects were genotyped for KIRs and immunoglobulin allotypes. We found interactions of immunoglobulin allotypes KM3/KM3 with NK inhibitory receptors 2DL3/2DL3, 2DL1 in the absence of 2DS4 associated with susceptibility to DM in HCV infected individuals. These data suggest the possibility that a subset of patients with HCV could have an immune-mediated component contributing to the development of DM.     

嗅球神经层胶质细胞、嗅黏膜胶质细胞、SC修复周围神经缺损能力比较

目的 比较嗅黏膜胶质细胞、嗅球神经层(olfactory globular nerve layer,OGNL)胶质细胞及SC修复周围神经缺损的能力,并优选出最适宜移植治疗周围神经缺损的胶质细胞.方法 取20只2～3月龄雌性Wistar大鼠,体外培养嗅黏膜胶质细胞、OGNL胶质细胞及SC,调整浓度为1×106个/mL纯化浓缩备用.另将80只成年雌性Wistar鼠,切除坐骨神经25 mm轴突,保留神经外膜吻合于近端,制备神经缺损模型.将动物随机分成A、B、C、D 4组,每组20只,于神经外膜腔内分别植入10μL DMEM/F12培养液、SC、OGNL胶质细胞以及嗅黏膜胶质细胞.术后3个月,采用踝关节功能评分评估神经缺损的修复效果;行大体、光镜、透射电镜观察神经再生情况;荧光显微镜下观察逆行标记荧光红的运输距离,免疫荧光检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)及神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)浓度;ELISA法检测髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP)及神经丝蛋白(neurofilament,NF)浓度.结果 踝关节功能评分:A、B、C、D组分别为(3.325±0.963)、(4.200±1.005)、(5.143±0.635)和(5.950±0.154)分,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).大体、光镜及透射电镜观察示,D组神经缺损再生最完全,C组次之,B组较差,A组最差.荧光红在神经中运行距离,D组最长,C组次之,B组较短,A组最短;NGF及GFAP浓度,D组最高,C组次之,B组较差,A组最低.A、B、C、D组MBP浓度分别为(9.817±3.267)、(12.347±3.091)、(14.937±2.075)和(22.757±0.871)ng/mL,A、B组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);NF浓度分别为(13.869±5.677)、(18.498±3.889)、(23.443±2.260)、(27.610±1.125)ng/mL,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 嗅黏膜胶质细胞、OGNL胶质细胞、SC均能促进坐骨神经缺损再生,嗅觉系统胶质细胞促进神经再生效果优于SC,而嗅黏膜胶质细胞促进神经再生能力优于OGNL胶质细胞.     

Effects of EP1 receptor on cerebral blood flow in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in mice

The lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exhibits diverse biologic activity in a variety of tissues. Four PGE2 receptor subtypes (EP1-4) are involved in various physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions, but differ in tissue distribution, ligand-binding affinity, and coupling to intracellular signaling pathways. To characterize the role of the EP1 receptor, physiologic parameters (mean arterial blood pressure, pH, blood gases PaO2 and PaCO2, and body temperature), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and neuronal cell death were studied in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke in wild-type (WT) and EP1 knockout (EP1-/-) mice. The right middle cerebral artery was occluded for 60 min, and absolute CBF was measured by [14C] iodoantipyrine autoradiography. The effect of EP1 receptor on oxidative stress in neuronal cultures was investigated. Although no differences were observed in the physiologic parameters, CBF was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in EP1-/- mice than in WT mice, suggesting a role for this receptor in physiologic and pathophysiologic control of vascular tone. Similarly, neuronal cultures derived from EP1-/- mice were more resistant (90.6 +/- 5.8% viability) to tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress than neurons from WT mice (39.6 +/- 17.2% viability). The EP1 receptor antagonist SC-51089 and calcium channel blocker verapamil each attenuated the neuronal cell death induced by PGE2. Thus, the prostanoid EP1 receptor plays a significant role in regulating CBF and neuronal cell death. These findings suggest that pharmacologic modulation of the EP1 receptor might be a means to improve CBF and neuronal survival during ischemic stroke.     

Effect of Hypoxia and Aging on PKC δ‐Mediated SC‐35 Phosphorylation in Rat Myocardial Tissue

Nuclear speckles, which are sites of pre‐mRNA splicing and/or assembly components, are diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. They are composed of splicing factors (SFs), including SC‐35, which are nuclear proteins that remove introns (noncoding sequences in the genes) from precursor mRNA molecules, to form mature RNA, which will be transported to the cytoplasm, site of protein synthesis and activation. In light of such evidences, here we report that hypoxia modulates in vivo SC‐35 SF phosphorylation via protein kinase C (PKC) δ in young rat heart. Trichrome Mallory staining and TUNEL analysis along with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting have been performed on left ventricles excised from young and old rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Although young hypoxic myocardial cells appear smaller than normoxic cells, connective and endothelial components increase, SC‐35 phosphorylation is particularly evident in the endothelium and paralleled by an increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In addition, SC‐35 and PKC δ coimmunoprecipitation occurs, suggesting that SC‐35 phosphorylation could be PKC δ‐mediated and that hypoxic young heart needs to counteract the damage through a process of neoangiogenesis involving such SF. Even though the levels of SC‐35 and PKC δ are high, the similar response disclosed by normoxic and hypoxic old rat hearts (both showing a fibrotic organization, similar endothelial components and VEGF levels) could be due to the existence of an impaired oxygen sensing mechanism and thus to a low rate of angiogenesis. Anat Rec, 292:1135–1142, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

5%都灭悬浮剂现场防治蟑螂及蝇类的效果观察

目的观察5%都灭悬浮剂不同使用剂量防治酒店、食品厂及某些公共场所的蟑螂及蝇的效果。方法采用滞留喷洒、超低容量喷雾方法对蟑螂及蝇进行控制,用粘蟑板及蝇笼对蟑螂及蝇进行诱捕。结果使用5%都灭悬浮剂对5家酒店蟑螂防治结果,按25 mg a.i/m^2处理时杀灭率为94.1%-100%;按15 mga.i/m^2处理时杀灭率为91.7%-100%。对3家食品厂及2个体育馆蝇类进行防治结果按20 mg a.i/m^2处理时杀灭率为80.1%-92.7%;按10 mg a.i/m^2处理时杀灭率为68.3%~85.3%。结论2种使用剂量的5%都灭悬浮剂对蟑螂及蝇均有一定的控制作用,使用15 mg a.i/m^2剂量即可达到较好的防治蟑螂效果;使用剂量为20 mg a.i/m^2可达到较好的防治蝇的效果。     

In vitro evaluation of the permeation through reconstructed human epidermis of essentials oils from cosmetic formulations

The permeation of essential oils through SkinEthic^® reconstructed human epidermis, (RHE), was studied in vitro to establish a convenient tool to monitor the kinetics of release of active principles from cosmetic formulations. Twelve days old human epidermis held on polycarbonate disks was revitalized by addition of growth medium and incubated at 37 °C in 5% CO₂ atmosphere for five days prior to investigation. A system of six custom designed glass Franz-type diffusion cells were used for the permeation studies at 34 °C. The diffusion kinetic for 8 selected terpenes (camphor, carvone, 1,8-cineole, linalool, menthol, α-thujone, menthone, t-anethole), chosen as analytical markers of a mixture of plant essential oils contained in a cosmetic formulation, was probed by HS/SPME–GC–MS analysis and elaborated according to Fick's first law to obtain skin permeability coefficients (P_S = 1.51, 1.47, 1.36, 0.80, 0.62, 0.40 and 0.14 × 10⁻³ cm/h, respectively). The method proved to be sensitive, simple and reproducible, and RHE represents a convenient model for safety/quality assessment of cosmetic formulations.     

改良清洁导尿术在不同类型排尿障碍患者的临床应用

目的探讨改良清洁导尿术在不同类型排尿障碍上的应用。方法在传统清洁导尿的基础上,应用金霉素眼膏替代消毒石蜡油作为导尿管润滑剂,并且根据不同类型排尿障碍实施个体化清洁导尿,帮助患者重建膀胱功能,并降低尿路感染率。结果6个月随访：能定期排尿者56名（93.2%）,仍在坚持间歇导尿者2名.改用持续导尿者2名。3人出现有症状性尿感（5%）,无肾积水发生。院感部门数据显示：尿路感染率比保留导尿下降8.3%。结论应用改良清洁导尿方法,不仅可帮助排尿障碍患者逐渐脱离导尿管的困扰,恢复膀胱功能,且在一定程度上降低了排尿障碍患者的主要并发症—尿路感染的发生。使病人增强康复和回归社会的信心。