Projections of the zona incerta in the cat, with stimulation controls.

In eight cats single electrolytic lesions were placed in the zona incerta, and resultant fiber degeneration studies were made. In seven additional cats, stimulating electrodes were chronically implanted bilaterally into the zona incerta, H₂ (lenticular fasciculus), or H (prerubral) fields of Forel. The animals were placed in a two-compartment shuttle box, and a routinely established procedure of subthalamic stimulation was instituted. When the sensory (nociceptive) or motor manifestations and reactions were established, small lesions were made through both poles of the electrodes. The brains were studied by silver techniques for degenerating axons and terminals. Findings in the latter group of animals with physiologic substrates, compared to those in the first group, indicated that the zona incerta contains at least two major physiologic-anatomic components with differential fiber projections. The first component is a medial zona incerta proper or caudalis, paleospinothalamic, nociceptive-conducting system which causes typical escape responses. Its unequivocal projections are to the nucleus of the H₁ field, posterior and dorsal hypothalamus, part of the intralaminar system, ventromedial and ventralis anterior nuclei, nucleus reuniens, reticular nucleus, pulvinar, posterior nucleus, central gray, red nucleus, and the central tegmental tract. The second constitutent concerns pyramidal-extrapyramidal motor type responses that arise with avoidance reactions from other portions of the zona incerta. In these cases there is heavy projection to the caudate, entopenduncular, globus pallidus, and putamen nuclei. In contrast, degeneration from the nociceptive part of the zona incerta or H₂ and H fields to these nuclei is minimal.     

晚期肿瘤患者大量恶性胸腹水治疗的临床探讨

对５１例晚期肿瘤恶性胸腹水治疗进行了对照性研究，其中治疗组３０例，对照组２１例，全部病例临床为Ⅲ期，治疗组病人胸腹腔穿刺一次性抽出积液到不能引流出为止，然后腔内注射顺氯氨铂（ＰＤＤ）。对照组抽液及注射其他药物或未用任何治疗。治疗结果，治疗组有效率为８００％，对照组有效率为４２８％，两组对照有非常显著差异（Ｐ＜００１）。大量放胸腹水后ＰＤＤ大剂量腔内注射可使腔内容物置于高浓度药液中，充分利用ＰＤＤ对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用，并可减少对全身的毒性反应。提高晚期病人的生活质量，为下一步对原发灶的诊疗创造条件。     

Locus ceruleus region: Effects on behavior of cholinergic,noradrenergic, and opiate drugs injected intracerebrally into freely moving cats

Behavioral effects of intracerebral injections of small amounts of cholinergic, noradrenergic, and opiate agents into 125 sites in and around the locus ceruleus of the cat were investigated. Many effects were found that could be related to different regions. Carbachol caused atonia comparable to the atonia during paradoxical sleep; the most effective regions were the nucleus pontis centralis caudalis and the subceruleus region. Carbachol injected into the nucleus pontis centralis oralis caused defense reactions like hissing and growling and disturbed vocalizations. Micturation and defecation were elicited by carbachol injected near the nucleus laterodorsalis tegmenti. Carbachol caused ipsiversive and contraversive circling when injected in or near the region of the norepinephrine-containing cell bodies; this circling was probably not due to the NE cells. α-Noradrenergic and opiate agonists injected into the part of the nucleus pontis centralis oralis just rostral to the locus ceruleus caused behavioral inactivation. α-Noradrenergic agonists caused vomiting; the most effective region was the fourth ventricle. Naloxone injected intracerebrally in morphine-treated cats antagonized the morphine-induced stereotyped behavior and part of the behavioral disturbance; it is suggested that this is due to the NE cells: An adequate sensorimotor coordination was dependent on an intact central NE transmission. It is suggested that the locus ceruleus acts as a sympathetic nucleus situated in the brain with extensive parts of the central nervous system as its target regions.     

Action of suriclone in naturally and allyglycine-induced photosensitive baboons, Papio papio

Suriclone (SC) is a new anxiolytic compound with a chemical structure different from that of benzodiazepines (BZD) but SC possesses a high affinity for the so-called BZD receptors. SC was tested in the naturally or the allylglycine-treated photosensitive baboon Papio papio. As active BZD administered by the intramuscular or oral route, this new compound possesses a marked protective effect against the excessive photosensitivity of the baboons, it blocks myoclonus following EEG spike and waves discharges induced by intermittent light stimulation; as BZD again, SC can induce spontaneous myoclonus not accompanied by EEG spike and wave discharges.     

Bleomycin toxicity: alterations in oxidative metabolism in lung and liver microsomal fractions

Separate groups of male rats received low doses (5 units) or high doses (15 units) of bleomycin i.p. twice weekly for 1.5, 3 or 6 weeks. The susceptibility of tissue lipid to peroxidation and the activities of mixed function oxidations were examined in microsomal fractions prepared from lung and liver. ADP-Fe (III)-initiated lipid peroxidation was stimulated in lung microsomal fractions only in animals treated with high-dose bleomycin for 1.5 weeks, whereas a 2- to 4-fold enhancement was observed in liver preparations from all bleomycin-treated animals. Microsomal ADP-Fe (III)-initiated lipid peroxidation was inhibited, however, by the in vitro addition of bleomycin in both lung and liver preparations, but this inhibition was an artifact resulting from the chelation of Fe (III) by bleomycin. Soybean lipoxygenase I-initiated microsomal lipid peroxidation, which does not require added iron, was unaffected by bleomycin in lung preparations but was inhibited in liver. Following in vivo treatment, lung microsomal hydrogen peroxide generation was inhibited by 1.5 weeks of high-dose bleomycin treatments, whereas benzphetamine N-demethylation was unchanged. These cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions were both suppressed, however, in liver microsomal fractions. In vitro, both reactions were also inhibited by bleomycin in liver but not in lung microsomal fractions. The lack of effect of in vitro bleomycin treatments on Superoxide generation in lung or liver preparations suggests that the NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase component of the mixed function oxidase system was not affected. Minimal alterations in lipid peroxidizability and mixed function oxidase activities in lung microsomal fractions of bleomycin-treated animals suggest that the insensitivity could be due to: (1) the site of toxicity not being at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum; or (2) the target of bleomycin toxicity being limited to a small population of pulmonary cell types. Even though the liver is not susceptible to bleomycin toxicity, the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system is highly sensitive to this chemical.     

抗癫痫新药SC1001Na在家兔体内的药代动力学

本文报道抗癫痫新药SC1001Na静注、肌注后在家兔体内的药代动力学。作者首先对该药的体内外含量测定方法及制剂进行了研究,然后对血药时间数据进行了曲线拟合。F 值检验及理论计算值与实测值的契合程度比较均表明:该药静注与肌注给药在家兔体内的转运均符合二室开模型动力学方程。     

Subcortical auditory and somatosensory afferents to hamster superior colliculus

To determine whether the pattern of superior colliculus (SC) afferents seen in cat is generalizable to other mammalian species, HRP was injected into the SC of twenty hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). After reaction with TMB, subcortical structures were examined for labeled perikarya. Although most subcortical afferents to SC were similar in cat and hamster, there were differences in auditory and somatosensory SC innervation. In hamster only two putatively auditory structures showed labeled cells, the external nucleus of inferior colliculus and nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus, whereas in cat additional cells are reported in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, trapezoid and superior olivary nuclei, and nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Again, in hamster the major trigeminal somatosensory input to SC is from spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis whereas in cat trigeminal input is reported to be from the principalis and oralis portions of the trigeminal nucleus. Thus the hamster possesses a very restricted auditory input to and a different pattern of somatosensory innervation of the SC relative to the cat.     

The psychiatrist''s role in behavioral pediatrics training programs

Behavioral pediatric fellowships are available in 15 major medical institutions in the United States. In general, these programs focus on the psychologic, social, and biologic determinants of behavior and learning disabilities in children. Child psychiatry's participation in the formulative stages of these programs is considered vital. The authors caution psychiatry to avoid concentrating its energies upon these socially and developmentally inclined behavioral pediatricians to the detriment of all pediatric house staff.     

Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot after Aortopulmonary Anastomosis

Thirty-eight corrective operations have been performed in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and a functioning aortopulmonary shunt. There were 3 operative deaths (7.9%) and 1 late death (2.6%), and 3 patients have required reoperation for significant residual defects. Only 1 of 10 patients studied postoperatively by radionuclide scanning has a significant reduction in blood flow to the lung on the side of the closed shunt. We conclude that the presence of an aortopulmonary shunt does not add to the risk of repair in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and that mortality after such operations is related to the complex anatomy often present in patients of this group.