虹口区创建健康城市“居民和机关公务员”认知的问卷调查分析

目的评价虹口区建设健康城市三年来工作情况。方法按照全市统一表格,进行随机抽样的方法抽取样本,采用SSPS10.0软件对305份居民调查卷和40份机关公务员问卷进行统计分析。结果虹口区市民和公务员对健康城市六大问题(环境质量;提供食品的放心程度;居民生活方式的健康程度;参与社区健康行动的积极程度;居民文明程度;政府部门对健康问题的重视程度)的满意度,都较三年前分别提高到46.89%、46.89%、45.57%、44%、40%和40%。结论虹口区通过三年健康城市创建工作,效果是明显的,在需要这项工作各部门通力合作下,持续开展下去。     

杭州市某城区居民贫血状况调查分析

目的初步调查杭州市区居民贫血的流行情况,为预防部门开展贫血的防治提供依据,同时增强社区居民对贫血的认识.方法利用调查表对杭州市某城区3个社区卫生点共1 060名居民(成年人)进行问卷和个别咨询调查,调查内容包括贫血症状、相关病因学因素及实验室检查情况.同时在调查过程中对社区居民进行有关贫血知识及合理膳食的宣教.结果该城区居民(成年人)贫血患病率为2.83%,贫血分度以轻度为主;不同年龄的居民贫血患病率间差别有显著性意义(P＜0.05);男、女患病率分别为2.48%、3.13%,差别无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论杭州市区成年居民贫血易患人群以老年为主,防治工作应以老年人群为主要对象,应采取普及营养知识、改善膳食结构、尽早发现慢性病,尽早治疗等综合防治策略.     

北京和天津居民“非典”相关知信行调查

目的了解北京、天津市居民对“非典”的认知情况、态度和行为，为科学预防、控制突发性公共卫生事件提供对策、依据和参考。方法对北京、天津市2700名居民进行抽样调查，采用SPsS10．0统计软件包进行统计分析。结果调查对象应答率为97．3％，对“非典”相关预防措施、主要症状和流行特征的认知较高，知晓率达90．0％以上，对“非典”的治疗及“非典”病人预后知晓率较低。95．9％的调查对象关注“非典”的知识和疫情通报，92．1％的人“在发现自己或家人出现类似‘非典’症状”时能正确面对。在心理状况方面，女性比男性表现出更多的害怕和恐惧。绝大多数调查对象在“非典”流行期间，采取积极的措施预防“非典”，养成了良好的行为方式，增强了防病的意识。97．5％的调查对象对政府采取的措施表示满意。结论政府和卫生部门关于“非典”的宣传是及时有效的，居民正确的态度和预防措施的落实在控制“非典”的传播流行中起了十分重要的作用。     

农村安全注射行为的干预措施和可持续发展的工作机制

目的探索农村安全注射行为的干预措施和可持续发展的工作机制.方法抽取湖北省秭归县乡镇为干预县,对其目标人群进行社会动员、培训、规划管理、信息传播和行为干预.选择与该县基本相似的兴山县为对照县,对两县采取问卷调查和小组访谈相结合的方式进行调查.结果干预县干预后与基线调查和对照县相比,群众安全注射行为相关知识和非安全注射产生的后果知晓率有较大差异;干预县群众了解途径主要是小册子(50.50%)和宣传单(20.10%).结论在农村开展以安全注射行为为干预目标的健康促进活动效果显著,政府领导、卫生部门管理、多部门配合、群众参与是建立可持续发展安全注射工作机制的基本保证.     

松江区公共场所成人被动吸烟监测分析

目的了解松江区居民的被动吸烟状况及对吸烟的态度和认识。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,在医院、商场、车站候车室、政府对外办公大楼等四类公共场所,随机抽取200名松江居民进行问卷调查。结果200名调查对象中不吸烟或已戒烟者共117人,占有58.5%;不吸烟者中被动吸烟率为48.7%,男女间被动吸烟情况没有显著性差异。55.6%的被动吸烟者认为绝大部分吸烟者当面吸烟前从不征求他们意见,只有10.3%的被动吸烟者每次都会表达反对意见。93%的调查对象都能认识到吸烟对吸烟者的危害,但有15%左右的调查对象不清楚吸烟对周围被动吸烟人群的危害。80%左右的调查对象赞成在医院和学校全部禁烟,而有40%左右的调查对象赞成在办公室、餐厅和酒吧实行部分禁烟。结论松江区居民的被动吸烟情况比较严重,居民对被动吸烟的危害认识不足,需要加强被动吸烟的干预工作。     

How do residents manage personal finances?

BACKGROUND: We examined three research questions: How do residents' debts and savings compare to the general public? How do surgical residents' financial choices compare to other residents? How may institutions help residents' personal financial decisions? METHODS: The Survey of Consumer Finances was modified and piloted tested to elicit financial information. The instrument was completed by 612 residents at 8 programs. RESULTS: Only 60% of residents budgeted expenses, and 25% and 10% maintained cash balances <611 dollars and unpaid credit card balances >10,000 dollars, respectively. Compared with controls, residents held greater median ratios of debt to household income (2.46 vs. 1.06, P <0.0001), fewer assets to income (0.64 vs. 2.28, P <0.0001), less net wealth to income -1.43 vs. 0.90, P <0.0001), and lower retirement savings balance to household income (0.01 vs. 0.12, P <0.0001). Surgery residents were the least financially conservative group. Mean annual resident contributions to retirement accounts were $1532 higher at institutions with versus without retirement plans (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Resident debts are higher and savings lower than the general public. This behavior is most common among surgery residents. Residents save more for retirement when they are eligible for tax-deferred retirement plans. Graduate medical programs should instruct residents on financial management.     

Risk factors associated with anal sphincter tear difference among midwife,private obstetrician,and resident deliveries

To identify risk factors that account for the difference in anal sphincter tear (AST) among midwife, private obstetrician, and resident deliveries. We performed a retrospective review of our obstetrical database and used logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for AST. The relationship between delivery technique and AST was evaluated by comparing AST increase between vaginal deliveries without and with an episiotomy among the three categories of providers. After adjusting for risk factors, private obstetricians (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.27-2.56) and residents (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.20-2.15) had a higher rate of AST during vaginal delivery than midwives. Episiotomy increased the odds of AST by four-fold for midwives, two-fold for private obstetricians, and eight-fold for residents. Although midwife and resident's delivery methods were associated with more AST, neither experienced this complication more frequently than private obstetricians. This suggests that midwives and residents probably misdiagnosed some AST.     

上海市松江区居民吸烟状况分析

[目的]了解上海市松江区居民的吸烟情况。[方法]在松江地区4个镇1个街道共16万人口中随机选择4772名居民采用统一标准的调查问卷进行入户调查。[结果] 被调查人群中现在吸烟率为23.62％,曾经吸烟率为2.83％,居民现在吸烟率与年龄、性别和文化程度有关P值均<0.01)。开始吸烟的平均年龄为22.59±5.43岁,最主要的原因是好奇、社交需要和解乏。77.3％的现在吸烟者还没有考虑在未来6个月内戒烟。被动吸烟率为65.13％,被动吸烟的场所主要是家中和公共场所。[结论] 松江地区居民的吸烟率低于全国1996年调查的15岁以上人群吸烟率(35.3％)。但松江地区大多数吸烟者尚未考虑戒烟,需要开展有针对性的控烟干预。大多数非吸烟者都受到被动吸烟的危害,有必要采取措施减少在家中和公共场所等地方被动吸烟的机会。     

Sonography of suspected acute appendicitis in children: Evaluation of the progress in performance of senior residents

Purpose

The objective of this study was to evaluate the progress in performance of senior residents in diagnosing acute appendicitis.