复发性阿弗他溃疡心理因素生物标志物研究进展

复发性阿弗他溃疡(recurrent aphthous ulcer,RAU)是一种口腔黏膜常见的炎症性溃疡类疾病.据调查,人群中RAU的发病率高,且溃疡发作时灼痛明显,尤其是重型复发性阿弗他溃疡(major recurrent aphthous ulcer,MaRAU)发作时疼痛剧烈,严重影响着人们的日常工作和生活.R...     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者听力学损害研究进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)是一种常见的睡眠障碍性疾病,长期的呼吸暂停和低通气可引起不同程度的低氧血症及高碳酸血症,继发组织缺氧,最终导致多器官功能损害,其中包括第8对颅神经-听神经的损害.临床观察中也发现了部分OSAH...     

“十一五”期间我国中医外科学研究热点分析

以中国学术文献网络出版总库2006-2010年间的329篇中医外科文献为分析对象,基于文献聚类及高频关键词的社会网络分析方法,对文献主题及相关主题词进行系统分析,揭示"十一五"期间中医外科在教学、临床等方面的研究热点与主题分布。     

热毒清片治疗流行性腮腺炎的临床研究

目的：观察热毒清片治疗痄腮温毒在表证的临床疗效和用药安全性。方法：采用平行对照、随机单盲的设计。所选病例为痄腮温毒在表证,试验总病例为90例,按就诊顺序,随机分为试验组60例和对照组30例。结果：试验组总有效率为96．67％,对照组总有效率为86．67％,两组疗效经统计学处理P〈0．05,有显著性差异,说明试验组疗效优于对照组。结论：“热毒清片”治疗流行性腮腺炎疗效确切,未发现明显毒副作用。     

慢性嗜酸性粒细胞型鼻窦炎的研究进展

慢性嗜酸性粒细胞型鼻窦炎(ECRS)是以嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为特征的呼吸道黏膜炎性疾病。嗜酸性粒细胞是一种特殊的炎症细胞,与Th2型免疫反应密切相关。促进和维持ECRS患者嗜酸性炎症的机制主要有以下4个方面：白介素-5(IL-5)调控嗜酸性粒细胞的生物学效应、嗜酸性粒细胞胞外陷阱的免疫调节作用、细胞自噬调节和纤维蛋白异常沉积。ECRS表现出病因复杂、难治愈和易复发等特点,嗜酸性粒细胞在ECRS的发生发展中扮演着重要的角色。本文就国内外最新报道进行综述,以期为ECRS的治疗提供理论依据。     

The practitioner as policy analyst: a study of student reflections of an interprofessional course in higher education

Health and welfare practitioners in the United Kingdom have experienced and continue to experience considerable turbulence as services and occupational boundaries undergo restructuring. To a significant extent such turbulence is driven by policies that promote interprofessional agendas. This paper reports on an evaluation of a higher education programme that adopted a social policy approach to the analysis of interprofessional working. The retrospective views were sought of nursing, midwifery, social work and community and youth work post-qualifying students with use of semi-structured questionnaires and focus groups. Although difficulties were encountered with the political science focus to the programme, overall the participants very positively evaluated the opportunity to engage in policy analysis in a shared learning environment. Given the highly politicised, complex and shifting environment of interprofessional working, it is suggested that the study lends support to the argument that 'policy acumen' is a central skill for contemporary health and welfare practitioners. The paper, therefore, starts to explore issues of particular relevance for educationalists involved in developing frameworks for interprofessional programmes particularly in higher education.     

Increasing research capacity and changing the culture of primary care towards reflective inquiring practice: the experience of the West London Research Network (WeLReN)

A number of primary care research networks were set up throughout England in 1998 in order to (1) improve the quality of primary care research (2) increase the research capacity of primary care, and (3) change the culture of primary care towards reflective inquiring practice (NHSE, 2000b). It is not clear how best to operate a network to achieve these diverse aims. This paper describes the first 30 months of a network that adopted a whole system approach in the belief that this would offer the best chance of simultaneously achieving the three aims. A cycle of activity was designed to facilitate the formation of multidisciplinary coalitions of interest for research with complementary 'top down' and 'bottom up' programmes of work co-existing. At least 330 people participated in the generation of research questions of whom one third (33%) were general practitioners, 16% community nurses, 6% practice managers and other primary care practitioners. Over two fifths (43%) were 'key allies' - academics, health authority staff, community workers and project workers. One fifth (110) of all practices (500) in the WeLReN area have collaborated in at least one research project. The ratio of doctor:nurse participation in the 24 research project teams was markedly different in the supported coalitions (2:1) compared to projects devised and led by more experienced researchers (6:1). The evidence suggests that it is possible to operate a primary care research network in a way that develops coalitions of interest from different parts of the health care system as well as both 'top down' and 'bottom up' led projects. It is too early to tell if the approach will be able to achieve its aims in the long-term but the activity data are encouraging. There is a need for more research on the theoretical basis of network operation.     

Intentional ingestion of cyanoacrylate

Abstract

Background. Diphenidine (1-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperidine) and its 2-methoxylated derivative methoxphenidine (MXP, 2-MeO-diphenidine) are substances with dissociative effects that were recently introduced for “recreational” purpose through the online-based sale of new psychoactive substances (NPS). A number of analytically confirmed non-fatal intoxications associated with diphenidine or MXP have occurred in Sweden and were included in the STRIDA project. Study design. Observational case series of consecutive patients with admitted or suspected intake of NPS and requiring intensive treatment in an emergency room and hospitalization in Sweden. Patients and methods. Blood and urine samples were collected from intoxicated patients presenting at emergency departments all over the country. NPS analysis was performed by multi-component liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. Data on clinical features were collected during telephone consultations with the Poisons Information Centre and retrieved from medical records. Information was also obtained from online drug discussion forums. Case series. Over a 12-month period from January to December 2014, 750 cases of suspected NPS intoxication originating from emergency departments were enrolled in the STRIDA project of which 14 (1.9%) tested positive for diphenidine and 3 (0.4%) tested positive for MXP. Co-exposure to several other NPS (e.g., 5-/6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran, 2-4-bromomethcathinone, butylone, 3,4-dichloromethylphenidate, 5-methoxy-N-isopropyltryptamine, methiopropamine, and α-pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone), also including other dissociative substances (3-/4-methoxyphencyclidine), and classical drugs of abuse (e.g., cannabis and ethanol) was documented in 87% of these cases. The 17 patients were aged 20–48 (median: 32) years, and 13 (76%) were men. They commonly presented with hypertension (76%), tachycardia (47%), anxiety (65%), and altered mental status (65%) including confusion, disorientation, dissociation, and/or hallucinations. Eight patients (47%) displayed severe intoxication (Poisoning Severity Score 3). The diphenidine- or MXP-positive patients required hospitalization for 1–3 (median: 2) days. In addition to standard supportive therapy, half of the cases were treated with benzodiazepines and/or propofol. Conclusion. The adverse effects noted in analytically confirmed cases of NPS intoxication involving diphenidine or MXP were similar to those reported for other dissociative substances such as ketamine and methoxetamine. However, the high proportion of polysubstance use might have played a role in the intoxication and clinical features in some cases.