血清总胆固醇、总甘油、游离甘油和甘油三酯标准物质的研制

目的 研制与临床标本基质相似的血清总胆固醇(TC)、总甘油(TTG)、游离甘油(FG)和甘油三酯(TG)标准物质.方法 按国家标准物质技术规范的要求,制备4种血脂浓度的健康人新鲜混合血清,用酶法测定TC检测均匀性,用HPLC法检测稳定性并定值,评估不确定度.结果 4种血清均匀性检验数据方差分析P值分别为0.339、0.212、0.275、0.196(均＞0.05),说明均匀性良好;稳定性研究结果显示4种血清TC和TG在-20℃保存至少可稳定4年;4种血清的标准值和不确定度TC分别为(5.110±0.064)mmol/L、(4.761±0.062)mmol/L、(3.941±0.050)mmol/L和(3.158±0.041)mmol/L;TTG分别为(2.212±0.043)mmol/L、(1.679±0.033)mmol/L、(1.275±0.027)mmol/L和(1.067±0.023)mmol/L;FG分别为(0.142±0.005)mmol/L、(0.149±0.004)mmol/L、(0.146±0.003)mmol/L和(0.122±0.003)mmol/L;TG分别为(2.069±0.043)mmol/L、(1.530±0.033)mmol/L、(1.129±0.027)mmol/L和(0.945±0.023)mmol/L.结论 研制的血清总胆固醇、总甘油、游离甘油和甘油三酯标准物质均匀性和稳定性良好,定值可靠,已被国家质量监督检验检疫总局发布为国家一级标准物质(GBW 09145、GBW 09146、GBW 09147、GBW 09148).     

电化学发光免疫分析仪检测β-HCG的性能验证

目的循证检验医学（evidence-based laboratory medicine，EBLM）指导下，对Elecsys 2010电化学发光免疫检测（electrochemiluminescence immunoassay，ECLIA）分析性能进行验证，同时探讨适用于ECLIA检测系统分析性能的验证模式。方法采用ECLIA对不同浓度的血清标本进行检测，进行仪器分析性能的精密度、分析灵敏度、线性范围、准确度及参考范围验证试验，应用SPSS10．0软件对结果进行统计学分析。结果不精密度批内变异系数（CV）0．43％～2．12％，批间CV 1．07％～3．73％，总的不精密度CV 1．81％～4．90％；回收试验的回收率94％～110％；分析灵敏度〈0．1U／L；线性范围15．399—9510．501U／L。准确度验证与对比方法检测结果的可比性不很理想（r=0．630）。8、12、16周β-HCG的参考范围比厂家给的范围要小（P〈0．01，P〈0．005，P〈0．001）。结论本研究的结果证明ECLIA精密度高、分析灵敏度好、线性范围宽、准确度高。但是，其β-HCG8、12、16周参考范围不适合国人，其他孕周及其他检测项目的参考范围是否适合国人有待于进一步探讨与证实。     

中国七岁以下儿童体重、身长/身高和头围的生长标准值及标准化生长曲线

目的 制定中国7岁以下儿童体重、身长/身高和头围的生长标准值及标准化生长曲线.方法 选择"2005年九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查"中城区儿童为参照人群,采用0～7岁69 760名健康男女儿童的体重、身高(3岁以下为身长)和头围的实际测量值建立数据库.测量数据用标准化的测量方法和质量控制程序获得.采用LMS方法对原始数据进行拟合修匀,通过L、M、S 3个参数计算产生所需要的百分位和标准差单位数值并绘制相应的曲线图.曲线的拟合效果评估采用拟合优度χ2检验.结果 制定出了中国7岁以下男、女童按每月龄的年龄的体重、年龄的身长/身高和年龄的头围第3、10、25、50、75、90及97百分位及-3、-2、-1、0、+1、+2、+3倍标准差单位的生长标准图表(数值表和曲线图).此标准略高于世界卫生组织(WHO)新的5岁以下儿童生长标准.结论 该套生长标准代表了中国营养良好儿童的生长水平,样本量大、具有国家代表性,测量数据精确,研究方法与国际接轨,可作为21世纪中国儿童的生长参照标准在全国范围推广使用.     

Inter-laboratory validation of PCR-based detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues

The present study is based on the initiative for quality assurance in pathology of the German Society of Pathology and the Professional Association of German Pathologists. Four panel laboratories with experience and expertise in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were selected to establish the prerequisites for continuous external laboratory trials, in particular, by providing pre-tested specimens and evaluation criteria for participating institutes. In the first step, the four panel laboratories performed an internal trial to test their own reliability and reproducibility. Paraffin sections and DNA preparations from 34 tissues (25 clinical specimens and 9 controls) totalling to 66 samples were evaluated by each panel institute according to their own protocols. The methodologies differed and are described in detail. Despite these differences, a high degree of inter-laboratory reliability was achieved. In this report, we summarise our results including the correlation with the histology and provide recommendations for applying PCR-based methodology for the detection of mycobacterial DNA in surgical specimens. Supplementary data are available online at (rubric Forschung). Pre-tested specimens are now available for the external trial and can be ordered from the steering institute via Oligene (). All molecular pathology laboratories are invited to participate in this quality assurance initiative.     

A two-dimensional electrophoresis reference map of human ovary

The ovary plays a central role in oogenesis and gonadal hormone secretion. Proteomic analysis is a valuable approach for gaining an increased understanding of the molecular nature of the ovary. In this work, two-dimensional electrophoresis for protein separation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and database searches, identified 231 protein spots corresponding to 138 individual proteins that were found in gels representing both the follicular and luteal phases. The data were used to construct a database online (). The identified proteins were functionally classified into seven groups: (1) cell signaling/communication, (2) cell division, (3) gene/protein expression, (4) metabolism, (5) cell structure and motility, (6) cell/organism defense, and (7) unclassified. Among the proteins identified, 47% had not been previously reported in the human ovary. In addition, a number of disease-related proteins were identified in this protein map, including some cancer- and polycystic ovarian syndrome-related proteins. Two proteins with phosphorylation were verified by Western blot analysis. Comparison of protein abundance between follicular and luteal stages produced seven protein spots that had been identified in our database. This study provides a preliminary reference map of normal human ovary that will form a basis for comparative studies on normal and pathological conditions of the human ovary and may serve as a potential tool for clinical diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at L. Wang and Y.-F. Zhu contributed equally to this work     

基于真实头模型的EEG参考电极标准化技术

目的 :研究基于真实头模型的参考电极标准化技术并验证它的有效性。方法 :基于真实头模型的等效源技术 ,建立了由以头表某点或平均电位为参考点的实际记录近似得到以无穷远点为参考的记录的方法。由于无穷远点的电位可假设为常数零 ,因此可称该方法为真实头模型的参考电极标准化技术 (REST)。对真实头模型全空间内任意位置的源的实际头表记录进行REST处理 ,然后计算经REST处理后的近似记录与以无穷远点为参考的记录之间的相对误差 ,以此检验该技术的有效性。结果 :对于真实头模型REST是有效的 ,尤其对重要的表层皮质区域更为有效 ,它的应用可以降低因非零的参考电位而引入头表记录的干扰。结论 :采用参考电极标准化技术能得到更真实的脑电 (EEG)记录 ,从而可能对脑电的应用产生重要的影响。     

广州地区健康成年人血液流变学指标参考值的调查分析

目的 :探讨广州地区健康成年人血液流变学指标参考值范围。方法 :测定 5 0 3例成年人血液流变学指标 ,并按性别和年龄分组统计分析。结果 :男性和女性全血粘度 (mPa·s)低切、中切、高切参考值范围分别为 10 .5 5± 1.41、6.2 8± 0 .65和 5 .2 0± 0 .5 3 ,8.96± 1.3 2、5 .47± 0 .5 7和 4.5 0± 0 .5 0 ;血浆粘度 (mPa·s)分别为 1.3 6± 0 .12和 1.3 8± 0 .11;红细胞比积 ( % )分别为 44 .3 8± 3 .0 2和 3 9.60± 2 .99。男女除血浆粘度值外 ,其他各项血液流变学指标均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,同性别不同年龄组间无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。与北京地区血液流变学各参考值比较 ,男性除全血高切粘度外其它四项均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,女性五项指标除红细胞压积外均有显著性差异(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :地区间血液流变学指标参考值存在差异 ,有必要确定本地区健康成年人参考值范围 ,为临床提供准确依据     

狂犬病抗血清WHO标准品和国家标准品用于RFFIT方法的比较

目的比较狂犬病快速荧光灶抑制试验（RFFIT）方法中狂犬病免疫球蛋白WHO标准品和狂犬患者免疫球蛋白国家标准品为参照所得结果的差异。方法在同一次RFFIT试验中同时设置WHO标准品参照和国家标准品参照,同时测定12份待测人血清,比较两种标准品所产生荧光灶的百分比;按照中和抗体滴度计算公式计算不同标准品参照所得12份待测血清抗体滴度,比较其差异。结果结果显示WHO标准品和国家标准品的50％感染量均出现在第5孔和第6孔之间,但国家标准品荧光灶百分比低于WHO标准品;以WHO标准品做参照所得到的同一份血清滴度略高于国家标准品。结论WHO标准品和国家标准品在RFFIT方法中存在差异,但不影响结果判定。     

Alpha modulation in parietal and retrosplenial cortex correlates with navigation performance

The present study investigated the brain dynamics accompanying spatial navigation based on distinct reference frames. Participants preferentially using an allocentric or an egocentric reference frame navigated through virtual tunnels and reported their homing direction at the end of each trial based on their spatial representation of the passage. Task-related electroencephalographic (EEG) dynamics were analyzed based on independent component analysis (ICA) and subsequent clustering of independent components. Parietal alpha desynchronization during encoding of spatial information predicted homing performance for participants using an egocentric reference frame. In contrast, retrosplenial and occipital alpha desynchronization during retrieval covaried with homing performance of participants using an allocentric reference frame. These results support the assumption of distinct neural networks underlying the computation of distinct reference frames and reveal a direct relationship of alpha modulation in parietal and retrosplenial areas with encoding and retrieval of spatial information for homing behavior.     

效度概念新认识

本文主要讨论了效度概念的演变和存在的问题、效度概念新认识及如何寻找效度三个问题。效度概念的发展从内容效度、预测效度、构想效度和同时效度并存发展到现在由构想效度涵盖了其它所有效度。但一直以来,把效度概念作为一个法理学网络来理解,造成了我们对效度概念理解的很多误区。事实上效度概念是一种本体论的观点,重视现实参照并依据因果关系。我们应该通过建立一个理论假设、形成一个测验和确定测量的属性来寻找效度。