大学生防御风格与父母教养方式的相关研究

目的分析不同的父母教养方式对大学生使用防御机制的影响。方法相关分析,方差分析。结果父母养育方式在YF1,YF2和YF4上性别差异显著;父母的养育方式与大学生某些防御机制的使用相关。方差分析发现,C1在父亲惩罚、严厉,父亲偏爱被试这两个因子上的得分显著高于其它各类型;C1,C2父亲拒绝否认因子上的得分显著高于其它因子;C1在母亲拒绝、否认因子上的得分显著高于C3,C4;C1在母亲惩罚、严厉,母亲偏爱被试这两个因子上的得分显著高于其它3种类型（P〈0.05）。结论负性的父母教养方式会造成子女过多的依赖不成熟防御机制,而较少的使用成熟防御机制;父母的情感、温暖有利于子女使用成熟防御机制,而较少使用不成熟防御机制。     

家蝇室内种群第55代产卵特性比较观察

[目的]观察家蝇室内种群第55代的产卵特性,并和第1代进行比较。[方法]观察家蝇室内种群第55代及第1代每天产卵数量、所产卵的孵化数量和未孵出数量,计算每天的孵化率,并进行分析比较。[结果]两代室内种群产卵高峰均出现在产卵期d 5,在产卵期前期产卵数量较多,孵化率高,后期产卵数量少,孵化率降低。第55代所产卵总数量(粒)为15 176.67±2 625.61,高于第1代(13 178.00±1 780.89);而总孵化率(×10-2)为93.96±0.19,显著低于第1代(96.14±0.84)。[结论]家蝇室内种群前期产卵力强,后期产卵力降低,转种宜在前期进行。家蝇经55代的室内驯化饲养,与第1代相比可能有了一定的退化。     

Rearing experiences and stress-induced plasma cortisol as early risk factors for excessive alcohol consumption in nonhuman primates

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of early rearing and stress-induced rise of plasma cortisol collected during infancy as a biological predictors of adult alcohol consumption in nonhuman primates. METHODS: Ninety-seven female and male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were investigated. They were reared for their first 6 months of life either without mothers or other adults but with constant access to same-aged peers (peer-reared), or as controls with their mothers (mother-reared). When subjects reached 6 months of age, they underwent a series of four sequential weeks of 4-day social separations. Blood was drawn 1 and 2 hr after initiation of the 4-day separation periods, and the plasma was assayed for plasma cortisol concentrations. When the subjects were young adults (approximately 50 months of age), they were tested for voluntary intake of alcohol for 1 hr per day, 4 days a week, during a period of 5 to 7 weeks under normal living conditions. RESULTS: The social separation challenge increased infant plasma cortisol concentrations, with peer-reared subjects exhibiting higher stress-induced cortisol concentrations than mother-reared animals. Subjects that responded to the social separation challenge with high cortisol levels consumed significantly more alcohol per kilogram of body weight as adults than subjects with a low cortisol response to the separation challenge, regardless of rearing condition. In addition, male and peer-reared subjects consumed significantly more alcohol than female and mother-reared subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that early rearing experiences, such as adult absence, and high plasma cortisol concentrations early in life after a social separation stressor, are useful psychobiological predictors of future high alcohol consumption among nonhuman primates.     

女性劳教人员父母教养方式的调查与分析

目的探讨女性劳教人员父母教养方式。方法使用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU),对80例女性劳教人员和80例正常对照者的父母教养方式进行调查。结果劳教人员父亲和母亲的教养方式中,情感温暖、理解分低于正常对照组,惩罚、严厉以及拒绝、否认2个因子分则高于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论劳教人员在成长过程中,其父母对子女缺乏情感温暖、理解,却有着过多的惩罚、严厉以及拒绝、否认。     

初中生行为问题与父母教养方式的相关分析

目的探讨初中生行为问题与父母教养方式的相关性。方法运用父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)、Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)对上海市区一所普通中学288名11~13岁初中学生进行调查,并对结果进行相关分析、回归分析。结果初中生行为问题各因子:分裂样、抑郁、社交问题、强迫性、体诉、社交退缩、多动、攻击行为、违纪行为与父母教养方式各因素;情感温暖、理解,惩罚、严厉,过分干涉,偏爱,拒绝、否认,过度保护、偏爱显著相关。结论初中生行为问题与父母教养方式显著相关,父母应该对子女多加关注、爱护、理解、信任和鼓励,加强亲子之间的交流,避免采用惩罚、严厉,过分干涉,拒绝、否认等养育方式。     

精神分裂症患者防御方式及家庭背景因素研究

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者的防御方式、父母教养方式及亲密度和适应性的特点.方法: 采用防御方式问卷(DSQ)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)及家庭亲密度和适应性量表(中文版)(FACESII-CV)对80例精神分裂症患者(研究组)进行了问卷调查,并与80例正常受试者(对照组)加以比较.结果:①研究组中间型和不成熟防御方式因子分均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),而成熟防御方式因子分则明显低于对照组(P<0.05);②研究组父母的情感温暖因子分明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而惩罚及拒绝因子分则明显高于对照组(P<0.01),另外患者父亲的过分干涉及母亲的偏爱被试因子分亦均明显高于对照组(前者P<0.01,后者P<0.05).③研究组家庭的实际亲密度、实际适应性、理想亲密度和理想适应性评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.01).结论: 精神分裂症患者的防御方式、父母教养方式及亲密度和适应性与正常人有着明显的不同.     

Effects of cholecystokinin-like peptides on rearing activity and hexobarbital-induced sleep

Caerulein and the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8), when subcutaneously injected into mice, inhibited spontaneous rearing activity and prolonged the hexobarbotal sleeping time. These effects were resistant to naloxone. In molar terms, caerulein was 40 times (hexobarbital potentiation) or 115 times (rearing) more potent than diazepam. CCK-8 was less active than caerulein) though still superior to diazepam.     

Isolation rearing decreases opiate receptor binding in rat brain

Male hooded rats were reared from weaning either in isolation or in groups (3–4 per cage) for 45 days. Their brains were then analyzed for opiate receptor binding. Results indicated that the isolation reared rats had a lower density of opiate receptors than those rats reared in aggregation. These finding are discussed in terms of the relevance of opiate receptor binding to the behavioral efficacy of opiate drugs.