“先诊疗后结算”服务模式的实践与思考

"先诊疗后结算"是一种新型的付费方式,可有效节约患者的就诊时间,有助于提高大型医院的医疗服务效率。通过对其具体流程的解读,结合在同济医院的实施及体会,阐明了"先诊疗后结算"的支持环境及应用前景。     

Assessment of patient's pain-related behavior at physical examination may allow diagnosis of recent osteoporotic vertebral fracture

Background contextAlthough innumerable studies have analyzed the multiple aspects of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, no study has focused on the clinical features related to spine pain in patients with recent osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs).PurposeTo determine whether the assessment of pain-related behavior (P-RB) of patients with osteoporotic VCFs of recent onset may allow the fracture to be strongly suspected, or even diagnosed, at physical examination.Study designPain-related behavior of elderly patients attending an outpatient spine clinic was evaluated on the basis of six consecutive movements made on the examining table.Patient sampleFifty-six patients complaining only of lumbar or thoracic pain. The fractured patients (FPs), representing the fracture group (FG), were the 19 who had a recent VCF, whereas the control group (CG) consisted of the remaining 37 patients.MethodsAssessment of P-RB was based on six parameters: grimacing, sighing, clenching or blocking eyelids, gaping or strongly tightening the lips, need for help to take positions, and extreme difficulty to turn in the prone position. A score of 1 or a decimal was assigned to each parameter, the final score to each patient being 0 to 6. Three types of injury, acute (I), subacute (II), or chronic (III), were identified on the basis of the time elapsed from the probable occurrence of the fracture. The diagnosis of recent fracture was based on magnetic resonance images. Patients were videotaped during their movements. An examiner, unaware of the clinical history and diagnosis, gave a P-RB score to all patients and indicated whether they had to be placed in FG or CG, and also their presumable type of fracture. Subsequently, a DVD with the videotapes of all patients was given to three independent examiners, not specifically expert of spine conditions, who were asked to make the same evaluations as the first examiner.ResultsThe mean scores for P-RB given by the first examiner were 4.6 to FG and 0.7 to CG (p<.01). He identified as FPs 89% of those who were in FG. The type of fracture was indicated correctly in 88% of patients identified as FPs. The mean scores for the three types of fracture ranged from 5.4 (Type I) to 3.3 (Type III) (p<.001). The mean scores for P-RB given by the independent examiners to FG and CG were similar to those of the first examiner. The rates of correctness in identifying the type of fracture in patients indicated as FPs varied from 87% to 80%. The mean scores assigned to the patients included in the three types of fracture ranged from 5.4 to 2.8.ConclusionsPain-related behavior evaluation of patients with osteoporotic VCF during their movements on the examining table may allow to suspect, or even diagnose, the presence of a fracture, particularly in the initial 4 to 6 weeks after the occurrence. Even orthopedic surgeons not particularly familiar with spine care may be able to suspect the injury during physical examination.     

Review of Foot Tumors Seen in a University Tumor Institute

Most tumors of the foot and ankle will be benign, and it has been easy for clinicians to underestimate the malignant potential of a given tumor. The purpose of our study was to gain insight into the incidence of different tumor types diagnosed in patients with tumors of the foot and/or ankle treated at the Rizzoli Institute from September 1990 to December 2007. Our series included 1170 patients and 1170 lesions, with an overall mean age at diagnosis of 43 (range 5 to 81) years. Overall, 870 lesions (74.36%) were nonmalignant and 300 (25.65%) were malignant. Soft tissue lesions were diagnosed in 189 patients (16.15%), of which 91 (48.15%) were nonmalignant (pseudotumors or benign). Bone lesions were diagnosed in 981 patients (83.85%), of which 779 (79.41%) were nonmalignant. Epidemiologic knowledge of foot abnormalities and clinical suspicion, an organized diagnostic method, and evidence-based treatment of musculoskeletal tumors are essential elements to obtaining optimal results in the treatment of malignant foot tumors.     

计算机动漫技术展现中医诊治机理探讨

中医不能象现代医学那样,向病家展现疾病发生发展的状态和疾病的实质变化,依中医学的理论和术语解释病情对方听不懂,甚至误认为中医说不清。其实不是说不清,是中医循中国传统文化的认知规律从事诊治活动的本质不为现代人所知、所理解。中医事业的发展需要向社会展现中医诊治的机理,完成这个任务的希望在于借助现代计算机动漫技术。笔者提出这个问题,意在引起中医同仁和计算机动漫专业人员的关注,如果两者结合起来,必将为中医文化的社会化开创一条新路,这是值得思考和实践,而且关系到中医事业前途的大问题。     

探讨心超和心电图在高血压性心脏病诊断中的临床价值

目的研究分析心脏B超以及心电图应用在高血压性心脏病临床诊断中的价值。方法抽取48例高血压性心脏病患者,将其按照每组24例划分为对照组和观察组,对照组通过心电图进行临床检查诊断,观察组则实施心脏B超检查诊断。结果观察组取得的诊断准确率为68.2%,显著高于对照组的38.7%(P0.05)。结论针对高血压性心脏病患者,采用心脏B超手段进行临床检查能够发挥良好的诊断效果,诊断准确性明显高于采用心电图检查。     

Deep learning for intelligent diagnosis in thyroid scintigraphy

ObjectiveTo construct deep learning (DL) models to improve the accuracy and efficiency of thyroid disease diagnosis by thyroid scintigraphy.MethodsWe constructed DL models with AlexNet, VGGNet, and ResNet. The models were trained separately with transfer learning. We measured each model’s performance with six indicators: recall, precision, negative predictive value (NPV), specificity, accuracy, and F1-score. We also compared the diagnostic performances of first- and third-year nuclear medicine (NM) residents with assistance from the best-performing DL-based model. The Kappa coefficient and average classification time of each model were compared with those of two NM residents.ResultsThe recall, precision, NPV, specificity, accuracy, and F1-score of the three models ranged from 73.33% to 97.00%. The Kappa coefficient of all three models was >0.710. All models performed better than the first-year NM resident but not as well as the third-year NM resident in terms of diagnostic ability. However, the ResNet model provided “diagnostic assistance” to the NM residents. The models provided results at speeds 400 to 600 times faster than the NM residents.ConclusionDL-based models perform well in diagnostic assessment by thyroid scintigraphy. These models may serve as tools for NM residents in the diagnosis of Graves’ disease and subacute thyroiditis.