健康成年人及患者外周血激活素A和卵泡休止素水平分析

目的探讨健康成年人外周血激活素A与卵泡休止素的关系及其在疾病状态下的变化。方法采用放射免疫测定（RIA）检测健康成年人及患者外周血激活素A水平，酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测健康成年人及患者外周血卵泡休止索水平。结果健康成年人外周血激活素A水平变化与年龄成正相关，随年龄的增加，激活素A水平增高；卵泡休止素与激活素变化相似，也随年龄增加而升高；外周血卵泡休止素水平与激活素水平变化正相关，r=0.86。卵巢癌、肾功能不全患者血中激活素A水平明显升高，P〈0．01与P〈0．05，糖尿病及甲状腺功能亢进患者未见明显变化；卵巢癌、肾功能不全患者血中卵泡休止素水平也明显升高，P〈0．01。结论人外周血激活素A与卵泡休止素水平变化成正相关，卵泡休止素与激活素A水平升高与机体年龄及疾病状态有关。     

The exciting story of cardiac biomarkers: from retrospective detection to gold diagnostic standard for acute myocardial infarction and more

This paper reviews the history of the contribution of the laboratory medicine to clinical cardiology and discusses the most important steps in this field. Until 20 years ago, the clinical laboratory only placed at the cardiologist's disposal a few assays for the retrospective detection of cardiac tissue necrosis, such as enzymatic methods for creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. However, in the latter part of the 20th century, highly sensitive and specific assays, such as cardiac troponins, as well as assays for markers of myocardial function, such as cardiac natriuretic peptides, rapidly changed the scenario of clinical management of patients with cardiac diseases, assigning to the laboratory a pivotal role in the overall diagnostic flow. This is witnessed by the recent incorporation of these markers into international guidelines and in the redefinition of myocardial infarction. For the foreseeable future, new serum markers of myocardial ischemic, i.e. reversible, injury or related to coronary plaque instability and disruption are expected.     

血清骨钙素在不同年龄段的水平变化及临床意义

目的：探讨不同年龄段血清骨钙素水平的变化。方法：采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)对316例健康人血清骨钙素(BGP)水平进行测定。结果：少年组与青年组、中年组、老年组比较差异非常显著(P＜0．001),青年组与中年组比较差异有显著性(P＜0．05),青年组与老年组比较有明显差异(P＜0．001),中年组与老年组比较有明显差异(P＜0．001)。少年组、中年组男女之间比较无明显差异,青年组男女之间比较差异有显著性(P＜0．05),老年组男、女比较有明显差异(P＜0．001)。结论：血清骨钙素水平随年龄变化而变化。     

Indirect and reverse radioimmunoassays and their apparent specificities in the detection of antibodies to enteroviruses in human sera

Indirect radioimmunoassays (RIAs) of IgM and IgG antibodies to enteroviruses have been developed, using coxsackieviruses B1 and B3, and echoviruses 11 and 30. The titres of IgM and IgG were assayed in paired sera from patients infected with one of these viruses or coxsackieviruses A7, A9, A16, B2, B4, B5 or echoviruses 4, 17, or 25. Both IgM and IgG were found in almost all serum pairs with each of the four viruses used as an antigen, and there were no certain differences between titres obtained with homologous and heterologous antigens. The convalescent phase specimens contained significantly higher titres compared with the acute phase specimens, the difference being most pronounced for IgG. Of the specimens from patients with nonenterovirus infections, a relatively high percentage contained IgM and IgG against enterovirus antigen. However, no increases in titres were seen between acute and convalescent specimens. When specimens from younger patients, aged 2 days to 22 months, without evidence of enterovirus infections, were assayed with enterovirus antigen, the frequency of IgM titres was seen to increase with age. Almost all specimens from newborns were negative, whereas the specimens from 12- to 22-month-old children showed a high frequency of IgM titres. In specimens from patients aged 2 days to 8 months, the ratio between IgM and IgG titres increased with age, probably due to a loss of maternal IgG. The IgG titres in specimens from 8.5- to 22-month-old children were similar to the titres of specimens from the patients with nonenterovirus infections. A reverse IgM assay was also developed, using the same viruses and serum specimens as for the indirect assays. In contrast to the indirect IgM assay, the reverse IgM assay was apparently type specific, provided that the amount of labeled virus was carefully standardized. The reverse IgM RIA detected and identified antibody responses better than the neutralization test. Attempts to develop a reverse IgG assay were promising concerning the specificity, but the sensitivity was low.     

Cell surface glycoproteins of rabbit lymphocytes: characterization with monoclonal antibodies

The structural characteristics of antigens recognized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies prepared against a rabbit T-lymphocyte cell line have been investigated. Those antigens which could be isolated using immunoadsorbents prepared from the monoclonal antibodies had mol. wts of 42,000, 90,000 and 120,000. The 42,000 mol. wt molecule is similar or identical to a rabbit class I major histocompatibility complex antigen and its characterization has been reported elsewhere. Three different 90,000 mol. wt proteins can be distinguished by their reactivity with lectins and by sequential immunoprecipitation. The 120,000 mol. wt protein is a very abundant surface glycoprotein that appears to be a specific marker for T-cells in the rabbit. It is the immunodominant antigen in a lentil lectin bound glycoprotein pool. Over half of the antibodies were directed against this antigen. All antigens detected by the panel of monoclonal antibodies have been detected on normal lymphoid cells.     

A non-equilibrium 24-hour vasopressin radioimmunoassay: development and basal levels in the rat brain

The monoamine levels in the locus coeruleus (LC) were determined by HPLC following specific lesions of the ventral mesencephalic tegmental-A10 regions (VMT-A10) and raphé dorsalis (RD). Only lesions in the VMT-A10 area decreased the dopamine (DA) content, which strongly suggests that the projection from this region to the LC is of dopaminergic nature. Lesions of the RD increased DA metabolism in the LC and provoked significant decreases in the serotonin (5-HT) levels.     

Production of non-overlapped monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen and their use in two-site enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA)

Eleven stable hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies against HBsAg were established. Six out of 11 clones reacted with the common “a” determinant of HBsAg. The six monoclonal antibodies were conjugated to horse radish peroxidase, paired in all possible combinations and tested by competitive ELISA for their cross reactivity. Two monoclonal pair were found not to complete each other. A two-site one-step ELISA was developed using one pair of the monoclonal antibodies and compared with commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit. There was a good correlation between RIA and two-site one-step ELISA.     

Need for quantitative assessment of transglutaminase autoantibodies for celiac disease in screening-identified children

OBJECTIVES: To assess several transglutaminase autoantibody (TGAA) assays in their ability to distinguish celiac disease (CD) in screening-identified children with abnormal intestine biopsy specimens from those with normal biopsy specimens. STUDY DESIGN: Children at risk for CD (n = 54) composed of type 1 diabetics, first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetics or CD, and HLA-DQ2+ individuals followed from birth received intestine biopsy. Sera obtained at the time of biopsy were tested for TGAA, using the radioimmunoassay and 5 other commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: False-positive rates ranged from 28% to 80%. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the tests ranged from 63% to 84% (lower than reported for symptomatic children). Setting a higher cutoff for each assay maximized PPV. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant quantitative differences among all TGAA assays that could affect interpretation of a positive test for CD. The overall false-positive rate for all assays was high in this population. Using the assay as a quantitative rather than qualitative tool by increasing the cutoff of positivity to indicate biopsy increases PPV. Multicenter workshops are needed to identify critical differences and to standardize TGAA assays among laboratories.     

放射免疫分析剂量反应曲线的三元线性回归研究

本文根据放射免疫的生物化学质量作用定律,推导出放射免疫分析剂量反应曲线的三元线性回归数学模式。并对其进行了验证和实际临床应用。证实此数学模式能使放射免疫分析的剂量反应曲线完全直线化。     

The isolation of the γ subunit of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and its use in a radioimmunoassay for HbF

A method is described for the purification, from fetal hemoglobin (HbF), of the fetal specific globin chain (γ chain) in its native state. In the absence of α chain (the globin chain common to all adult human hemoglobins) γ chain, when used as an immunogen, is able to express its unique antigenicity. Here, a specific, high titer antiserum raised against γ chain has been used to establish a sensitive radioimmunoassay for HbF. This approach may be applicable to the measurement of other normal and abnormal hemoglobins.