Ghrelin levels are reduced in Rett syndrome patients with eating difficulties

Most patients with Rett syndrome (RTT) have both gastrointestinal problems and somatic growth failure, including microcephaly. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone involved in growth hormone secretion, interdigestive motility, and feeding behavior. Plasma ghrelin assays have previously been described for other neurodevelopmental disorders. To examine the pathophysiology of RTT, we measured plasma levels of ghrelin in patients with RTT. A case-control study examining plasma levels of ghrelin, serum growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was performed on 27 patients with RTT and 53 controls. Plasma levels of total (T)- and octanoyl (O)-ghrelin were significantly lower in patients with RTT than in controls. Plasma levels of T-ghrelin correlated significantly with serum IGF-1 levels and head circumference. Significantly lower levels of plasma T-ghrelin and O-ghrelin were observed in RTT patients with eating difficulties, while lower levels of plasma T-ghrelin were observed in RTT patients with constipation, in comparison to patients without either of these symptoms. Alterations in plasma ghrelin levels may reflect various clinical symptoms and signs in RTT patients, including growth failure, acquired microcephalus, autonomic nerve dysfunction, and feeding difficulties. We describe the role of ghrelin in RTT and suggest this peptide as a novel biological marker in patients with RTT.     

不同海拔地区健康人血内皮素的测定

目的：研究缺氧与内皮素之间的关系。方法用放射免疫法（ＲＩＡ）测定不同海拔地区健康人血内皮素的含量。结果高海拔地区健康人血内皮素水平明显高于低海拔地区，两组比较存在显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论缺氧可刺激内皮素（ＥＴ）的释放。     

Development and characterization of a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for rat galanin: Measurement in brain tissue, hypophyseal portal and peripheral serum

Galanin (GAL), a 29 amino acid peptide, is extensively distributed in both brain and intestine having been described as a putative neuroendocrine modulator. Up to this date, available radioimmunoassays for measuring GAL have the problem of nonparallel responses when rat biological samples are used. Due to the recent availability of synthetic rat GAL (rGAL), we pursued the development of a specific RIA for rGAL. Our RIA system presents a high specificity since porcine GAL (pGAL), which differs from rGAL in three carboxy-terminus substitutions, displays negligible crossreactivity. In addition, in the RIA a sensitivity of at least 1 pg/tube can be obtained. All biological samples tested in this study (serum samples from both peripheral and portal blood and arcuate-nucleus median eminence extracts) displayed perfect parallelism to synthetic rGAL standard. The RIA is suitable for measuring minute amounts of rGAL directly in serum samples from both portal and peripheral circulation. Interestingly, the IC50 for portal serum was approximately 10-fold lower than that for peripheral serum. This indicates that rGAL may be present in higher concentrations in portal than in peripheral blood. In addition, our data suggest that the pituitary gland contributes approximately 30% to the total levels of rGAL measured in peripheral serum. Together, this data reinforces the concept that GAL is involved in mechanisms controlling and/or regulating neuroendocrine functions.     

肝硬化child分级与血清Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽水平相关性研究

本文对136例肝硬化患者的 child 分级及其血清 PⅢP 水平进行检测分析,结果发现 child A、B、C 各级病人之间 SPⅢP 水平存在着显著性差异,且肝功能状态越差,其血清 PP 水平越高:而同一病人在不同时期肝功能 child 分级不同状态下,其 SPⅢP 水平随着 child 分级评分升高而升高。我们认为:血清 PⅢP 水平在一定程度上可以反映肝硬化患者的综合肝功能状态并对评估其预后有一定的临床意义.     

ALISEI全自动酶标仪在实验室的应用

目的:了解ALISEI全自动酶标仪的检测质量及性能。方法:对仪器检测的精密度、回收试验、相关性、污染率进行分析。结果:检测高、中、低值抗心磷脂抗体(ACAb)标本,其批内CV小于4.1％,批间CV小于5.6％;用ACAb标准品做回收试验,平均回收率为99.6;用RIA、ALISEI全自动酶标仪做甲胎蛋白(AFP)定量分析,两法差异无显著性(P>0.05),r=0.982;用Bioughton法测定高、低值AFP标准品,其污染率为1.74％。结论:通过相关分析显示ALISEI全自动酶标仪检测质量良好。     

Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the adrenal gland of Podarcis sicula (Reptilia, Lacertidae): evidence for its involvement in the modulation of adrenal activity

The occurrence of substance P (SP) immunoreactivity was investigated in the adrenal gland of the lizard Podarcis sicula by ABC immunocytochemical technique: SP-immunoreactivity was present in both adrenaline and noradrenaline cells, in ganglion cells and nerve fibers in the connective capsule surrounding the gland. The involvement of substance P in the modulation of pituitary-interrenal axis was studied in vivo by intraperitoneal injections of SP. The effects were estimated by means of the morphological and morphometrical features of the tissues, as well as the plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone and catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline. Substance P (0.07 mg/100 g body wt) decreased ACTH plasma levels and raised corticosterone release from steroidogenic tissue, that showed clear signs of stimulation. In the chromaffin tissue, the decrease in the number of noradrenaline cells, and the increase in the number of adrenaline cells, lowered numeric noradrenaline/adrenaline cell ratio. Moreover, an increase in adrenaline plasma level and a decrease in noradrenaline plasma level were found. The results suggest that (1) also in Reptiles as in other Vertebrates, SP may affect pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and (2) the chromaffin cells may be involved in the paracrine control of steroidogenic activity.     

Radioimmunoassay typing gives a more precise definition of the HLA association of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes

Summary The problem of the HLA association of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes was re-examined by testing Class II antigenic specificities detectable by radioimmunoassay. Established (DRw53, DQwl, DQw2, DQw3) as well as newly described (DC5, DCalpha3) specificities were typed. The data obtained suggest that the association with DR3 and DR4 is secondary to that with DQ specificities in linkage disequilibrium with DR3 and DR4.     

COPD患者治疗前后血液细胞因子变化的检测与意义

目的探讨COPD患者治疗前后血液中TNF-α、IL-6、NGF和CTGF等细胞因子的变化。方法分离40例COPD患者常规治疗前后血清,采用放射免疫分析法检测各细胞因子的量,同时选择38名正常健康人做对照。结果 COPD患者治疗后TNF-α、IL-6、NGF和CTGF的量较治疗前有所降低(P<0.05),但COPD患者治疗前后血清中TNF-α、IL-6、NGF和CTGF的量均明显高于正常健康组(P<0.05)。结论 TNF-α、IL-6、NGF和CTGF与COPD疾病的发生有一定的关系,与COPD疾病的严重程度有一定的相关性,各因子含量的变化可用来作为一种判断预后的辅助手段。     

氟化钠对放免分析血浆胰岛素的影响

采用液相和固相胰岛素放免分析法，观察氟化钠（ＮａＦ）抗凝剂对血浆胰岛素测定结果的影响，并与肝素抗凝剂作比较，液相放免测定的ＮａＦ抗凝血浆胰岛素水平比对照血清组低３８．７％；固相液免法在低浓度胰岛素样品（≤２０ｍＵ／Ｌ）中，ＮａＦ抗凝血浆反而低于血清组１０．６％。结果显著性意义（Ｐ〈０．０１－０．００１）。肝素抗凝血浆胰岛素水平与血清差异无显著性意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结果提示：ＮａＦ抗凝剂对胰岛素和