丙型病毒性肝炎患者血清瘦素的检测

研究丙肝患者血清leptin水平的变化。采用RIA检测65例丙肝组患者,80名对照组血清leptin水平,以及各种生化指标,比较各组的leptin水平以及leptin与各生化指标的相关性。结果显示慢性丙肝患者血清leptin水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);血清leptin水平与谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)呈显著性正相关(P<0.05);而与血糖(Glu)、总胆固醇(TC)无明显相关性(P>0.05)。慢性丙肝患者血清leptin水平升高且与肝脏炎症病变严重程度有关,leptin可以作为一个判断肝脏炎症严重程度的指标。     

亚临床甲状腺功能紊乱的发病率及病因分析

目的：探讨亚临床甲状腺功能紊乱的发病率及病因。方法：对12592例本地区的门诊及住院病例的甲状腺功能检测的七项指标进行筛查分析。结果：12592例检测者中有874例TSH在异常范围内,检出率为6．94％,其中TSH高于正常者397例,检出率为3．15％,TSH低于正常者477例,检出率为3．79％;874例处于亚临床甲状腺功能紊乱者多见于伴相关甲状腺疾病者,如甲亢治疗后、甲减甲状腺制剂替代治疗中及其他甲状腺病变（甲状腺结节、甲状腺炎）。除外上述因素在无明显疾病的143人中,亚临床甲减者109人（874人中12．47％）,亚临床甲亢者34人（874人中3．89％）。亚临床甲状腺功能紊乱与TGA、TMA多同步上升,升高者269例,发生率为30．78％,其中TSH高于正常者147例,占16．82％,TSH低于正常者122例,占13．96％;874例中≥60岁老年人有256例,检出率为29．29％。结论：临床应重视对亚临床甲状腺功能紊乱的检测,特别是老年人具有较高的发病率。     

人IGF-Ⅱ RIA的建立及初步应用

目的:建立高特异性和高灵敏度的人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)放射免疫分析方法,用于测定人血清以及培养液中IGF-Ⅱ水平。方法:用人工合成的IGF-Ⅱ多肽连接甲状腺球蛋白,多次免疫兔子获取高效价、高特异的人IGF-Ⅱ抗体。用氯氨T法制备125I标记的IGF-Ⅱ,经交联葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex G-25)纯化。抗原抗体反应采用平衡一步法,4℃温浴24h后经PR试剂分离结合和游离的标记抗原。用该法测定正常献血员150例和肝癌患者180例,并比较了肝癌患者介入治疗前后IGF-Ⅱ水平的变化。结果:该法测定范围为(0.1～24.3)ng/ml,最低检出值<0.1ng/ml,批内和批间误差<6.3%和10.0%。正常献血员血清IGF-Ⅱ水平(1.266±0.298)ng/ml明显低于肝癌各组患者(P<0.05);肝癌患者进行介入治疗3d后IGF-Ⅱ水平(4.263±1.411)ng/ml明显低于治疗前(4.916±1.24)ng/ml(P<0.05);介入治疗后3d与治疗后1个月(4.796±1.647)ng/ml水平相比无明显差异。结论:该法稳定、简便、特异、灵敏,适于检出人血清中的IGF-Ⅱ水平。     

慢性心力衰竭患者血清醛固酮、睾酮和雌二醇测定及意义

目的:测定慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清醛固酮(ALD)、睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)的水平,探讨其临床意义。方法:采用放射免疫分析186例CHF患者血清ALD、T和E2水平,并进行对照统计分析。结果:CHF组患者血清ALD显著地高于正常对照组(P<0.01),T和E2均显著地低于正常对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级心力衰竭组间血清ALD依次递增,T和E2依次递减,方差检验具有显著性差异(P<0.01);ALD与T和E2呈正相关(r=0.433、0.461,P<0.05),T与E2间无明显相关性(r=-0.131,P>0.05)。住院期间死亡组血清ALD显著地高于好转出院者(P<0.01),T和E2水平显著地低于好转出院者(P均<0.01)。结论:CHF患者血清ALD显著升高,T和E2显著下降,且与心功能分级和住院死亡有关。     

COPD患者血清ANP、BNP和CNP测定及其临床意义

目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者血清心钠素（ANP）、脑钠肽（BNP）、C型钠尿肽（CNP）水平的变化及其临床意义。方法：采用放射免疫分析79例COPD患者和36例健康对照组血清ANP、BNP和CNP水平,并进行统计分析。结果：COPD组血清ANP、BNP和CNP水平显著地高于健康对照组（t=3.6841,P〈0.01;t=11.70,P〈0.01;t=2.177,P〈0.05）,但Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级组间血清ANP、BNP和CNP水平方差检验无显著性意义（F=2.123、F=1.515、F=0.165,P均〉0.05）。相互间相关性分析揭示：ANP、BNP和CNP三者间均呈显著正相关（r=0.369,P〈0.01;r=0.354,P〈0.01;r=0.426,P〈0.01）。住院期间死亡的患者血清ANP、BNP和CNP水平显著地高于好转出院的患者（t=5.149,P〈0.01;t=4.875,P〈0.01;t=2.830,P〈0.01）。结论：COPD患者血清ANP、BNP和CNP显著升高,且与病人的稳定情况、肺动脉压力及预后相关。     

冠心病患者CGA、NT-proBNP和Hs-CRP水平变化及临床应用分析

探讨血清CGA、NT-proBNP、Hs-CRP水平和冠心病发病机制及不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)治疗前后与其相关性;用CL-ELISA及RIA法测定冠心病组和UAP经皮冠状动脉形成术(PTCA)治疗前后及对照组血清CGA、NT-proBNP和Hs-CRP水平并进行分析.结果表明冠心病组NT-proBNP水平与对照组比较有...     

Protective effects of astragaloside IV on porcine-serum-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and in vitro effects on hepatic stellate cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Astragaloside IV is the primary pure saponin isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, one of the valuable traditional medical herbs. Antifibrotic activities of Astragalus membranaceus have been extensively proved.

Aim of the study

To investigate the effects of astragaloside IV on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatic fibrosis in rats induced by porcine-serum (PS).

Materials and methods

Liver fibrosis was induced by PS injection (0.5 ml, twice a week) for 12 weeks. Astragaloside IV (2.0, 4.0 mg kg⁻¹) was administered intragastrically. Liver samples were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical studies. In vitro effects of astragaloside IV on primary cultured HSCs were detected by incorporation assays.

Results

Astragaloside IV delayed the formation of liver fibrosis and decrease the serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen type III (PCIII) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) content in liver. The levels of transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁) in serum and expression in liver were significantly decreased by astragaloside IV. Collagen synthesis and proliferation were significantly inhibited by astragaloside IV (1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 and 24.0 mg L⁻¹) in HSCs.

Conclusion

The results showed that astragaloside IV displays antifibrotic effects in rats induced by PS, the mechanism by which might be associated with its inhibitory effects on collagen synthesis and proliferation in HSCs.     

Seroprotection after recombinant hepatitis B vaccination among newborn infants: A review

Introduction

Hepatitis B vaccination starting at birth provides a safety net for infants exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) during delivery or in early life. Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended in the United States for infants prior to birthing facility discharge, and within the first 12 h of life for infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers. We performed a literature review and summarized the response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine among infants.

Methods

Studies published between 1987 and 2011 assessing seroprotection from recombinant hepatitis B vaccine starting within the first 30 days of life were eligible. Seroprotection was defined using an antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) threshold of 10 mIU/mL at series completion. Infant seroprotection was compared in trial arms varying by maternal hepatitis B antigen status (e antigen [HBeAg], HBsAg), hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) administration, birth weight, vaccine dosage, schedule, and age at first dose.

Results

Forty-three studies were included. The median seroprotection proportion overall was 98% (range 52%, 100%). The final median seroprotection proportions did not vary appreciably by maternal HBsAg status, HBIG administration, or schedule. Higher compared to lower dosage resulted in earlier increases in anti-HBs but not in final seroprotection proportions. Infants with birth weights <2000 g compared to ≥2000 g had lower median seroprotection proportions (93% and 98%, respectively). Median seroprotection proportions were also lower when infants with birth weights <2000 g were vaccinated at 0–3 days of age compared to 1 month of age or older (68% versus 95%, respectively).

Conclusion

High levels of protection from recombinant hepatitis B vaccine are achieved in term infants vaccinated at birth, effectively preventing transmission of HBV and resultant morbidity and mortality. Implications, if any, for long-term protection are unknown for differences in responses among infants vaccinated at birth compared to ages older than 1 month.     

肝硬化病人血清甲状腺激素水平的改变

观察肝硬化病人血清甲状腺激素的改变。方法用放射免疫分析法检测３０例肝硬化病人和１０例健康人的血清甲状腺激素水平,用Ｃｈｉｌｄ－Ｐｕｇｈ积分评价病人的肝功能。结论肝硬化常伴有低甲状腺激素水平,且随着肝功能损害的加重而逐渐降低。     

肿瘤病人舌苔变化与唾液中人上皮生长因子的关系研究

目的 :研究肿瘤病人舌苔变化与唾液中人上皮生长因子h -EGF含量的关系。方法 :采用1 2 5 I放射免疫分析法 (RIA )。结果 :15 2例肿瘤病人唾液中h -EGF含量为 (4.0 70± 1.0 ) μg L ,明显高于正常人 (3.0 71±1.7) μg L(P <0 .0 1) ,其中 10 2例厚苔者 (占 6 7.1% )的h -EGF含量为 (4.2 70± 1.7) μg L ,也明显高于 5 0例薄苔者 (占 32 .9% )的h -EGF含量 (3.6 91± 1.2 ) μg L (P <0 .0 1)。 结论 :唾液中h -EGF含量与肿瘤病人舌苔增厚密切相关。