基于FLEX技术构建可离线Web应用程序的研究与实现

随着Web应用程序复杂性越来越高,传统的Web应用程序开始逐渐不能满足Web浏览者全方位的体验需求.RIA(Rich Internet Application,富网络应用系统)技术将客户层的设计从以页面为中心提升到以组件为中心,从而改进了客户端程序的设计.本文在研究RIA及Macromedia Flex技术基础上,提出如何构建可离线工作的Web应用程序.实际项目证明利用本地存储数据使浏览者可以在明确脱机、低带宽或连接时断时续的情况下高效地工作,同时可提高系统的响应速度,减少用户的等待时间.     

血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ高压液相层析—放射免疫结合技术测定及巯甲丙脯酸抑制其生成的研究

血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(PATⅡ)经 Sep-pakC~(18)柱和高压液相层析(HPLC)分离,放射免疫(RIA)测定。并通过8例原发性高血压病人进行了巯甲丙脯酸抑制 PATⅡ生成的研究。结果显示,口服25mg 巯甲丙脯酸后10分钟,PATⅡ水平即有显著下降(P<0.01),60分钟时达最低水平(P<0.02)。平均动脉压(MAP)亦同时达到最低水平(P<0.02)。下降率为34%。60分钟后,APTⅡ,MAP 均逐渐回升。血浆肾素活性(PRA)在用药后30分钟内未见显著性变化。PRA水平反馈增高,但与 MAP 变化无同时达到峰值的相应关系。     

Radioimmunoassay of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): Consideration of the results of two methods

Summary The two methods used to analyze 384 plasma samples were the carcinoembryonic antigen test (CRT) performed at the Roche laboratories and the direct radioimmunoassay plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (DRPC) technique. The first test, which is quantitative, gave many false positives below the 5 ng/ml level (also when used in a larger series of 4,628 subjects), thus invalidating its use for detection of gastrointestinal neoplasms. The DRPC technique was positive in 62.3 % of 101 cases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and gave very few false positives.     

两种方法检测β-HCG的差异性及临床应用价值

目的探讨用电化学发光（ECLIA）法与放射免疫分析（RIA）法检测患者血绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚单位（-βHCG）的差异性及在临床中的应用价值。方法分别采用ECLIA法与RIA法对血β-HCG的精密度评价、线性评价和回收试验的比较,并采用两种方法平行检测98例病人血清标本的-βHCG含量,对其进行相关性分析。结果两种方法都有较好的重复性,但ECLIA法明显优于RIA法;ECLIA法和RIA法具有良好的相关性（r=0.965,P〈0.05）;回收率均在95%以上。结论采取ECLIA法测血-βHCG快速、准确,重复性好,线性范围宽,较RIA法更能满足临床需要。     

Regions of botulinum neurotoxin A light chain recognized by human anti-toxin antibodies from cervical dystonia patients immunoresistant to toxin treatment. The antigenic structure of the active toxin recognized by human antibodies

This work was aimed at determining the BoNT/A L-chain antigenic regions recognized by blocking antibodies in human antisera from cervical dystonia patients who had become immunoresistant to BoNT/A treatment. Antisera from 28 immunoresistant patients were analyzed for binding to each of 32 overlapping synthetic peptides that spanned the entire L-chain. A mixture of the antisera showed that antibodies bound to three peptides, L11 (residues 141-159), L14 (183-201) and L18 (239-257). When mapped separately, the antibodies were bound only by a limited set of peptides. No peptide bound antibodies from all the patients and amounts of antibodies bound to a given peptide varied with the patient. Peptides L11, L14 and L18 were recognized predominantly. A small but significant number of patients had antibodies to peptides L27 (365-383) and L29 (379-397). Other peptides were recognized at very low and perhaps insignificant antibody levels by a minority (15% or less) of patients or had no detectable antibody with any of the sera. In the 3-dimensional structure, antibody-binding regions L11, L14 and L18 of the L-chain occupy surface areas and did not correlate with electrostatic potential, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, or temperature factor. These three antigenic regions reside in close proximity to the belt of the heavy chain. The regions L11 and L18 are accessible in both the free light chain and the holotoxin forms, while L14 appears to be less accessible in the holotoxin. Antibodies against these regions could prevent delivery of the L-chain into the neurons by inhibition of the translocation.     

Surgical techniques: how I do it? The Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator (RIA) System

Although reamed intramedullary nailing has long been considered a safe procedure, pulmonary complications have been reported in some groups of patients. Concerns over fat embolisation, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and sudden intraoperative death have prompted some authors to question whether the benefits of reaming are outweighed by its potential adverse effects to the patient.In response to these complications, recent evaluations have focused on alternative systems that reduce intramedullary pressure during reaming. The Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator (RIA) system (Synthes, Inc., West Chester, PA) was developed as a simultaneous reaming and aspiration system to reduce the intramedullary pressure, heat generation, operating time, and systemic effects of reaming. It was designed with an aggressive one-pass reamer head which is connected to a hand-held reamer via a drive shaft, simultaneously irrigating and aspirating femoral canal contents during reaming, thus preventing thermal necrosis and fat embolisation. After its early use, investigators examined the “aspirate” captured by the RIA which appeared to be loaded with osteogenic substrates. This discovery revealed a second potential use for the RIA-a bone graft harvester.The different design characteristics and technicalities of the RIA system necessitate a deep and clear understanding of its technique, a meticulous preoperative planning and a strict adherence to its principles intraoperatively. We present our current approach to the use of the RIA system, including the preoperative planning, the details of the operative procedure, the pitfalls and the potential complications that could be encountered.     

NSE时间分辨荧光免疫分析法的建立

采用夹心法建立神经元特异烯醇化酶（NSE）时间分辨荧光免疫分析技术（TRFIA）来测定血清中NSE的含量。以NSE单克隆抗体E1包被板,双功能螯合剂异氰酸苄基二乙烯三胺四乙酸络合Eu3＋及标记NSE单克隆抗体E7,发光增强系统为以β-二酮体为主的增强液。采用平衡饱和法建立NSE-TRFIA,数据采用双对数函数数据处理程序处理。本方法的连续批内和批间CV分别为2.4%和4.8%,平均回收率为102.6%,灵敏度为0.31ng/mL,可测范围为0.31～320ng/mL,ED20、ED50和ED80分别为20.72ng/mL、57.23ng/mL和157.25ng/mL。本方法与AFP、CEA均无交叉反应。Eu3＋标记抗体-20℃保存8个月免疫反应基本无损失,同批试剂连续8个月应用分析结果稳定。临床应用检测结果与E170所测值高度相关。实验结果表明,本文所建立的NSE-TRFIA的灵敏度、特异性、准确度等均符合临床应用要求。     

Endomorphin 1 and endomorphin 2 suppress in vitro antibody formation at ultra-low concentrations: anti-peptide antibodies but not opioid antagonists block the activity

Endomorphin 1 (EM-1) and endomorphin 2 (EM-2) were tested for their capacity to alter immune function. Addition of either of these peptides to murine spleen cells in vitro inhibited antibody formation to sheep red blood cells in a bi-phasic dose dependent manner. Maximal inhibition was achieved at doses in the range of 10⁻¹³ to 10⁻¹⁵ M. Neither naloxone (general opioid receptor antagonist) nor CTAP (selective mu opioid receptor antagonist) blocked the immunosuppressive effect. To show that there was specificity to the immunosuppressive activity of the peptides, affinity-purified rabbit antibodies were raised against each of the synthetic EM peptides haptenized to KLH and tested for capacity to inhibit immunosuppression. Antibody responses were monitored by a standard solid phase antibody capture ELISA, and antibodies were purified by immunochromatography using the synthetic peptides coupled to a Sepharose 6B resin. Verification of the specificity of affinity-purified antisera was performed by immunodot-blot and solid-phase RIA assays. The antisera specific for both EM-1 and EM-2 neutralized the immunosuppressive effects of their respective peptides in a dose-related manner. Control normal rabbit IgG had no blocking activity on either EM-1 or EM-2. These studies show that the endomorphins are immunomodulatory at ultra-low concentrations, but the data do not support a mechanism involving the mu-opioid receptor.     

Innovations in osteosynthesis and fracture care

Over the years giant steps have been made in the evolution of fracture fixation and the overall clinical care of patients. Better understanding of the physiological response to injury, bone biology, biomechanics and implants has led to early mobilisation of patients. A significant reduction in complications during the pre-operative and post-operative phases has also been observed, producing better functional results. A number of innovations have contributed to these improved outcomes and this article reports on the advances made in osteosynthesis and fracture care.