双氢青蒿素在人的药代动力学及与青蒿素的比较

用放射免疫测定法研究青蒿素和双氢青蒿素在人的药代动力学结果:人口服青蒿素片剂15 mg/kg后1.5 h,血药峰值达0.09μg/ml,MRT为3.27 h,而口服双氢青蒿素仅1.1 mg/kg和2.2mg/kg后1.33 h,血药峰浓度分别为0.13μg/ml和0.71μg/ml,MRT分别为2.36和2.26 h,可见,青蒿素片剂的生物利用度仅为双氢青蒿素的1.62%～10.08%,所以口服宜用双氢青蒿素。直肠给青蒿素栓剂15 mg/kg和双氢青蒿素栓剂8 mg/kg后,血药分别于4.6 h和4.7 h达峰浓度0.04 μg/ml和0.11 μg/ml,MRT分别为6.98 h和6.96 h,可见青蒿素栓剂的生物利用度仅为双氢青蒿素者的29%,作为栓剂也可用双氢青蒿素。     

直接法血清游离T3,游离T4测定和临床应用

用国产放免药盒测定人血清游离T_3(FT_3)、游离T_4(FT_4)。187名正常人血清FT_3、FT_4水平(x±s)分别为7.03±2.10、18.48±4.49pmol/L;81名正常孕妇为6.76±1.84、19.39±5.90pmol/L(P均>0.05)。63例甲亢患者为27.66±9.84、70.02±35.14pmol/L,非常显著升高(P<0.01)。甲减及席汉氏病患者FT_3、FT_4水平非常显著降低(P均<0.01)。FT_3、FT_4结果不受血清甲状腺激素结合蛋白含量及结合能力变化的影响,较之血清总T_3、总T_4优越的甲状腺功能筛选试验的指标。     

Failure to detect anti-MAG antibodies by RIA in CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis

Using a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) we measured IgG antibodies to the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with active multiple sclerosis (MS) and with other neurological diseases (OND). Comparable levels of precipitation of radiolabeled MAG were obtained with CSF from the patients of the two groups.     

C－反应蛋白固相放射免疫分析法的改进及初步应用

建立一种竞争性固相放射免疫分析法（ＳＰ－ＲＩＡ），用于定量测定人体血清或脑脊髓液（ＣＳＦ）中的Ｃ－反应蛋白（Ｃ－ｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅＰｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ＣＲＰ）。最小可测量为５ｎｇ／ｍｌ；批内ＣＶ为４．９％，批间ＣＶ为１２．６％。６８份健康人血清的ＣＲＰ含量为０．０２８～３．４００μｇ／ｍｌ（中位数０．１６６μｇ／ｍｌ）；１６份新生儿脐带血清的ＣＲＰ含量为０．０１３～９．０００μｇ／ｍｌ（中位数０．０９５μｇ／ｍｌ）；６３份“流脑”病人血清ＣＲＰ为０．１５０～５２０．０００μｇ／ｍｌ（中位数７７．５００μｇ／ｍｌ），相当于健康人的４００～５００倍。ＧＳＦ中也可检出低水平的ＣＲＰ（中位数２．０７０μｇ／ｍｌ）。“流脑”急性期血清的ＣＲＰ含量，比恢复期高出３００多倍，而婴幼儿轮状病毒性腹泻病人的急性血ＣＲＰ含量不高（中位数５．５８０μｇ／ｍｌ），且同恢复期血清ＣＲＰ含量之比，仅为２～３∶１，提示此种病毒性感染的急性相应答（Ａｃｕｔｅｐｈａｓｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ）不如细菌性脑膜炎显著。     

应用固相放射免疫分析法测定流脑患者的C-反应性蛋白水平

本文报道应用竞争性固相放射免疫分析法测定流脑患者血清和CSF中CRP的水平。发现流脑患者血清CRP含量约为健康人的400~500倍;其急性期血清CRP水平(28.5~540μg/ml,中位数200μg/ml)比恢复期(0.1~54μg/ml,中位数0.53μg/ml)高出300~400倍。从CSF中也能检测到较低水平(0.07~150μg/ml,中位数2.07μg/ml)的CRP。结果充分显示CRP作为急性相反应物质的特征。因此,CRP水平的测定,可为细菌性和非细菌性脑膜炎的鉴别诊断和疾病过程的监测,提供重要的辅助指标。     

新生儿甲低筛查——5年工作回顾

本文介绍了我们自1988年至1992年用自行研制的纸片法TSH RM试剂盒对天津市区、郊县出生的新生儿进行先天性甲状腺机能低下症筛查的情况。在79743名新生儿中,共筛查出异常者15例(1/5316),其中永久性甲低7例,一过性甲低3例,一过性高TSH血症5例。开始治疗的时间从出生后34天到56天。由于接受早期治疗,永久性甲低患儿的体格和智力发育均达同龄正常儿童水平。     

促甲状腺激素测定的方法学进展及临床应用

人促甲状腺激素 (ｈＴＳＨ)是腺垂体嗜碱性细胞分泌的一种糖蛋白类激素 ,含 2 11个氨基酸及 15 %糖类 ,与ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ、ＨＣＧ的α亚基基本相同 ,β亚基由 112氨基酸组成 ,β亚基决定了激素的机能特异性 ,它能控制Ｔ3、Ｔ4 的分泌 ,又受Ｔ3、Ｔ4 的负反馈调节。ｈＴＳＨ是判断甲状腺功能和下丘脑 -垂体 -甲状腺轴功能的首选指标 ,对临床上甲状腺疾病的诊断有非常重要的意义。本文将综合介绍ＴＳＨ测定的方法学进展、评价指标及在甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用。1　放射免疫测定方法放射免疫分析 (ＲＩＡ)是由Ｙａｌｏｗ和Ｂｅｒｓｏｎ于 196 0年…     

胰岛素样生长因子-I、瘦素与Graves病相关性研究

目的探讨血清胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)、瘦素(Leptin)及BMI在Graves病(GD)中的改变及其相互关系。方法采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)检测55例(男15例,女性40例)患者从初发病到治疗稳定、停药复发血清IGF-I、Leptin水平,并与年龄和性别相匹配的健康人(对照组)比较。结果初发组血清IGF-I水平升高明显,与对照组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.01);停药后复发组血清Leptin水平下降,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论IGF-I、Leptin与自身免疫性疾病GD的发病有关。     

Delta sleep-inducing peptide crosses the blood-brain-barrier in dogs: Some correlations with protein binding

to determine if the nonapeptide delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and some of its analogs can enter the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the peripheral circulation, dogs anestetized with sodium pentobarbital were injected with a 100 μg/kg bolus of DSIP, desTrp¹-DSIP, or D-Ala³-DSIP. Using an antibody that is highly specific for these nonapeptides, we found significant increases in CSF after IV injection of each. Column chromatography of CSF withdrawn after an IV bolus of DSIP showed the increase in immunoreactivity to be due to DSIP and desTrp¹-DSIP. Chromatography of radioactivity appearing in the CSF after an IV bolus of ¹²⁵I-N-Tyr-DSIP showed co-elution with the intact labeled peptide. The CSF/plasma ratios for DSIP and ¹²⁵I-N-Tyr-DSIP were higher than that for triated insulin injected IV. It was also shown that DSIP is reversibly bound to a large molecule in dog plasma and CSF, and that the binding is greater in blood than in CSF. The binding protein demonstrates some specificity for DSIP, binding a smaller percentage of D-Ala³-DSIP, and it appears that it is probably free DSIP that crosses the blood-brain-barrier. Although non-specific crossing cannot be ruled out, the results presented here are also consistent with a specific saturable process for DSIP.     

The renin angiotensin system in childhood hypertension: selective increase of angiotensin-(1-7) in essential hypertension

OBJECTIVE: We examined the activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in normotensive and hypertensive children. STUDY DESIGN: Hypertensive patients (12 with renovascular hypertension and 15 with essential hypertension) and 32 normotensive subjects were evaluated at a Pediatric Nephrology Center. Blood samples for plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin peptides measurements were obtained once from normotensive subjects and before and after treatment from hypertensive patients. Plasma samples were extracted using Bond-Elut cartridges (Analytichem International, Harbor City, Calif), and peptide concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: PRA, Angiotensin I (Ang I), Angiotensin II (Ang II), and Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] levels were significantly higher in renovascular hypertensive patients than in normotensive children (3.3 +/- 1.2 vs 0.40 +/- 0.22 ng Ang I/mL/hour, 81.4 +/- 24.8 vs 26.4 +/- 13.4 pg/mL, 59.3 +/- 17.0 vs 21.4 +/- 8.7 pg/mL, 41.0 +/- 10.5 vs 16.2 +/- 7.9 pg/mL, respectively). The surgical treatment normalized blood pressure, PRA, and angiotensins levels. In contrast with renovascular disease, only Ang-(1-7) levels were significantly increased in essential hypertensive patients compared with normotensive (78.8 +/- 22.8 vs 16.2 +/- 7.9 pg/mL). Treatment with calcium channel blockers did not alter the RAS measurements. CONCLUSION: Our data show different RAS profiles in childhood hypertension and suggest a blood pressure-independent change of Ang-(1-7) in essential hypertension.