癌胚抗原检测方法学评价及其在胃癌诊断中的意义

为比较临床常用CEA检测方法的特异性和敏感性,探讨CEA在胃癌诊断中的意义,用ELISA、时间分辨荧光免疫法(TRFIA)、RIA、化学发光免疫法(CLIA)检测36例病理确诊胃癌患者血清CEA水平,同时检测20名健康体检者血清CEA水平.结果显示,四种方法的特异性均为100%,ELISA敏感性最低,为19.4%,CLIA的敏感性最高,为44.4%.结论是ELISA检测CEA的敏感性有待提高,CEA检测不能作为胃癌诊断的指标,可以作为部分胃癌患者疗效观察的指标.     

Mapping of antigenic determinants within peptides of a variant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma brucei

The location of antigenic determinants in the primary amino acid sequence of the variant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma brucei MITat 1.6 was investigated using monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with the known cyanogen bromide and tryptic cleavage patterns of this antigen. The cyanogen bromide digestion fragments of the antigen were purified and used to raise polyclonal antisera, which were specific for the appropriate cyanogen bromide fragment and partial digestion products, as well as recognising the intact variant surface glycoprotein. Competition radioimmunoassays were carried out between these antisera and nine monoclonal antibodies specific for MITat 1.6 variant surface glycoprotein, which have previously been characterised and shown to recognise five antigenic determinants of which only one is exposed on the surface of the living trypanosome. The binding of the monoclonal antibodies to the major tryptic peptide of MITat 1.6 variant surface glycoprotein was investigated by immunoblotting and by competition radioimmunoassay, and revealed that the five antigenic determinants recognised by the nine monoclonal antibodies are all located in the N-terminal two thirds of the MITat 1.6 variant surface glycoprotein molecule. Three of the determinants are located in an immunodominant region apparently formed by the folding together of two of the cyanogen bromide peptides. The other two determinants appear to be more conformationally labile; one of these is the determinant which is exposed on the surface of the living trypanosome, which is located in the N-terminal one third of the molecule.     

Limitations in the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for identification and quantification of thermogenin

The use of immunological assays, ELISA and RIA, for the identification and quantification of thermogenin (the brown adipose tissue-specific, GDP-binding, 32 kDa uncoupling protein) raises doubts regarding the exclusive occurrence of thermogenin in brown adipose tissue. Weak reactions between mitochondria from rat liver, rat skeletal and heart muscle and hamster white adipose and thermogenin antibodies have been observed (Cannon et al., 1982; Lean et al., 1983; Hansen et al., 1984). In order to study whether these reactions were due to thermogenin in tissues other than brown adipose tissue (BAT) or due to non-specific binding of thermogenin antibodies, a protein from rat liver mitochondria and a protein from tubifex mitochondria were isolated by the same procedure as thermogenin. The 2 proteins had almost the same molecular weight as thermogenin and reacted with thermogenin antibodies in ELISA and dot-blotting, but did not bind GDP and had an amino acid composition different from that of thermogenin. It is concluded that the weak reactions seen between thermogenin antibodies and mitochondria from different tissues other than BAT are due to non-specific binding, and that antibody cross-reactivity alone is unsuitable for the identification of thermogenin.     

电针镇痛对大鼠中枢cAMP和cGMP含量的影响

目的 研究针刺镇痛与中枢环核苷酸含量变化之间存在的可能性关系。方法 运用放射免疫法（RIA）测定大鼠电针前后,全脑和不同脑区cAMP和cGMP含量的变化。结果 电针30min提高大鼠痛阈的同时,使全脑cAMP含量显著降低（P＜0．05）;间脑cAMP含量降低,端脑cGMP含量降低,而脑干则显著升高（P＜0．05）。直线相关处理和回归分析表明,大鼠脑干cGMP含量与针刺镇痛效应之间存在正相关关系。结论 针刺镇痛与中枢环核苷酸水平之间存在密切关系,提示中枢环核苷酸含量的变化可能是实现针刺镇痛的重要环节之一。     

高原低氧环境下大鼠中脑区内ＧＨＲＩＨ含量的研究

本工作选用健康Ｗistar大白鼠,由平原（海拔５m,上海）,直接引入高原低氧环境（２２６０m和３４６０m）,用放射免疫分析法９ＲＩＡ）分析了大鼠进入高原低氧环境后,在急性低氧反应期和慢性低氧习服期,中枢中脑区内生长抑素（ＧＨＲＩＨ）的含量变化。结果表明,大鼠在急性低氧应激反应期,与平原对照组相比,ＧＨＲＩＨ降低非常显著（Ｐ＜０.０１）,在３０天慢性低氧习服期,１－３d升高显著（Ｐ＜０.０１）,３－７－１５d持续性降低（Ｐ＜０.０１）,１５－３０d趋于回升（Ｐ＜０.０５）。中脑区内ＧＨＲＩＨ的这种动态变化可能在低氧性生理反应的调节中有重要的生物意义。     

不同海拔藏族人血浆AVP含量的比较研究

目的了解世居高原男女性在不同海拔高度其血浆中AVP含量的情况。方法在不同海拔高度测试者用放射免疫分析法进行AVP测定。结果男、女性随海拔高度的增高,AVP含量均有显著性差异。结论含量的变化可能与低氧性环境有关。     

肝郁患者血清T,E2,PRL检测及其临床意义

用射免疫法测定１００例肝郁患血清Ｔ、Ｅ２及ＰＲＬ的水平,除男性患和Ｔ和Ｅ２外,其余测定值均较对照组明显升高,各种均值Ｐ〈０．０１,有非常显性差异。女性患中,血清Ｔ水平增高与Ｅ２升高均与肝郁证有相关性,认为ＰＲＬ升高是肝郁患较具有特异性的指标。肝郁血中Ｔ和Ｅ２表现出因果关系,女性患Ｔ和Ｅ２同时增高与在肝与计的灭活密切相关。情绪波动等因素不但对ＰＲＬ有明显影响,且可使血中Ｅ２水平升高。     

Graves'病患者的TPOAb及TRAb的变化与临床价值

目的：通过检测毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿，即Graves＇病（GD）患者的TPOAb与TRAb，探讨二者的应用与临床价值。方法：对于GD病人27例、GD病人治愈组10例、正常对照35例，采用RIA检测TPOAb与RRA检测TRAb并进行组间显著性比较。结果：GD病人的TPOAb与TRAb的测值和阳性率都显著高于GD病人治愈组和正常对照组，与GD病人治愈组和正常对照组相比较均有十分明显的差异，P值均〈0．01。结论：GD病人TPOAb与TRAb的变化与病情的进展有较为密切的关系，对于GD的诊断与疗效观察具有较重要的参考价值。     

不同年龄段的血清骨钙素含量检测的临床意义

目的：探讨在不同年龄段由于各种原因对血清骨钙素水平的影响。方法：采用放射免疫分析（RIA）对306例健康人血清骨钙素（BGP）水平进行测定。结果：少年组与青年组、中年组、老年组比较差异非常显著（P〈0．001）,青年组与中年组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,青年组与老年组比较有明显差异（P〈0．001）,中年组与老年组比较有明显差异（P〈0．001）。少年组、中年组男女之间比较无明显差异,青年组男女之间比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,老年组男、女比较有明显差异（P〈0．001）。结论：血清骨钙素水平随年龄变化而变化。     

乙肝病毒五项指标TRFIA定量测定与RIA检测结果的相关性研究

目的以微粒子酶免疫分析(MEIA)为金标准,探讨时间分辨荧光免疫分析(TRFIA)和放射免疫分析(RIA)技术在定量检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、表面抗体(HBsAb)、e抗原(HBeAg)、e抗体(HBeAb)、核心抗体(HBcAb)5项乙型肝炎血清学标志物(HBV-M)的临床应用价值.方法应用MEIA、TRFIA及RIA 3种方法,对200例乙肝病毒携带者血清进行HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb5项HBV-M指标检测.结果 TRFIA法检测HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg与MEIA结果完全符合,在HBeAb、HBcAb 2项指标中略高于MEIA法.TRFIA法及RIA法检测显示所选病例的HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb二者定量测定结果阳性符合率分别为96.5%、0%、83.0%、78.0%、94.2%.与TRFIA法相比,RIA法检测HBsAg、HBeAg、HBeAb易出现漏检.TRFIA法检测HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb的诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性和结果总符合率均优于RIA法.结论 TRFIA法和RIA法在定量检测的HBV-M 5项指标结果具有相关性,但两种方法之间检测结果浓度绝对值不可比.TRFIA技术用于HBV-M检测,是一种灵敏的定量检测方法,具有特异性强、灵敏度高、线性范围宽、标准曲线稳定性好、无放射污染,易于自动化.