无创正压通气治疗的护理

通过17例呼吸衰竭患者应用无创正压通气(NIPPV)的临床观察与护理,结合治疗前后血气参数值的对比分析,总结出以下护理体会:心理护理,选择合适的体位及鼻(面)罩是应用NIPPV的前提;防止漏气和面部皮肤压迫性损伤,保持呼吸道通畅,密切观察患者通气效果及呼吸机性能是应用NIPPV的护理重点;密切观察患者病情变化,进行氧疗,协助患者排痰是NIPPV治疗后的护理措施。     

Social class, income, education, area of residence and psychological distress: does social class have an independent effect on psychological distress in Antalya, Turkey?

  Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the separate effects of social class, income, education and area of residence on psychological distress. The study also assesses whether the association between prevalence of high score on the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12) and social class is independent of other variables. Method: Psychological distress was assessed by means of the GHQ 12. The study covered 1092 adults aged 15 years or more living in two different quarters of Antalya. Social class status was defined by occupational position, with income, education and area of residence treated as confounders. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. Results: Large inequalities in psychological distress by all variables were observed. Psychological distress was significantly associated with class status, after adjusting for income, education, area of residence and other potential confounders (age, sex and marital status). Class inequalities in psychological distress were observed between blue-collar workers/unqualified employees and bourgeoisie. Conclusions: These findings support the view that the recent widening of inequalities among social classes in Turkey pose a substantial threat to health. Accepted: 5 November 1999     

澳大利亚护理硕士专业学位人才培养现状及启示

通过比较我国与澳大利亚护理硕士专业学位研究生人才培养项目在办学规模、师资情况、教育模式、课程设置、临床实践与评估、毕业要求方面的现状,提出了立足我国实际的教学改革建议,为完善具有中国特色的护理硕士专业学位研究生教育培养体系,培养健康中国建设所需要的高级护理人才提供参考。     

重症患者失禁性皮炎预防管理的研究进展

阐述了重症患者失禁性皮炎的危险因素及预防管理措施。除一般危险因素外,危重疾病本身也是失禁性皮炎发展的风险因素。重症患者失禁性皮炎的预防管理主要包括基于信息化平台构建失禁性皮炎预防管理系统,基于循证制定预防管理干预措施,以及借助新型敷料与药物实现多元化皮肤干预。提出重症患者失禁性皮炎的预防管理较为复杂,需要临床护理人员进行持续深入探索。     

Target nursing care on anxiety and depression in patients with gallbladder cancer during perioperative period

Background:This study retrospectively investigated the effects of target nursing care (TNC) on anxiety and depression in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) during the perioperative period.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed the data of 80 patients with GBC during perioperative period. These records were divided into an intervention group (n = 40) or a control group (n = 40). All 80 patient records in both groups were administered routine nursing care (RNC). The patients in the intervention group also underwent TNC. The primary outcomes were depression (measured using the Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMD) and anxiety (assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, HAMA). The secondary outcomes were quality of life (assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, SF-36) and adverse events. We collected and analyzed the outcome data before and after treatment.Results:After treatment, patients in the intervention group showed more promising effects on depression (HAMD, P < .01) and anxiety (HAMA, P < .01) than those in the control group did. However, there were no significant differences in the quality of life before and after treatment. No TNC- or RNC-associated adverse events were reported in patient records.Conclusion:This study found that TNC was more effective than RNC in relieving depression and anxiety. Future studies should be conducted to validate the present findings.     

预警系统联合集束化护理在急性脑卒中救治中的应用

目的:探究预警系统联合集束化护理在急性脑卒中救治中的应用效果。方法:选取我院2019年11月—2020年11月收治的100例急性脑卒中病人,采用随机数字表法分为试验组与对照组,各50例,对照组给予集束化护理,试验组给予预警系统联合集束化护理。比较两组护理效果的影响。结果:护理前两组在格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、Barthel指数、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)得分上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后试验组GCS得分及Barthel指数均高于对照组(P<0.001),NIHSS得分低于对照组(P<0.001),试验组临床护理总有效率(96.00%)高于对照组(82.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在急性脑卒中救治中应用预警系统联合集束化护理,可提升护理效果,促进预后。     

护理风险预警机制在慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝衰竭病人护理中的应用效果

目的:探讨护理风险预警机制在慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病人护理中的应用效果。方法:选取2018年1月—2019年12月我院收治的104例慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病人,按照病人入院顺序,并采用单双号抽签方式分为对照组和观察组,各52例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组临床护理中引入护理风险预警机制,对比两组肝功能指标、并发症发生情况、护理满意度、护理质量评分、护理缺陷评分及住院时间。结果:干预后,两组肝功能指标均有所改善,且观察组下降幅度较对照组大(P<0.001);观察组与对照组并发症发生率分别为7.69%、25.00%,观察组与对照组总满意度分别为96.15%、76.92%,观察组病人护理质量评分高于对照组,护理缺陷评分及住院时间低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:将护理风险预警机制用于慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病人的临床护理中,有利于改善病人肝功能指标,减少并发症及护理缺陷,提高护理满意度,提升护理质量,缩短病人住院时间。     

夜间营养护理对肝衰竭病人营养状况的影响

目的:探讨肝衰竭病人营养支持中实施夜间营养护理干预的效果。方法:选取2019年3月—2020年7月在我院治疗的82例肝衰竭病人为研究对象,通过随机数字表法分为日间组(41例)及夜间组(41例)。日间组在内科综合治疗基础上给予日间营养干预,夜间组在日间组的基础上加强夜间营养护理。比较两组相关营养指标、Child-Pugh评分、营养风险筛查表2002(NRS-2002)评分、生活质量变化情况。结果:经夜间营养护理干预后,夜间组血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TF)、前白蛋白(PA)水平高于日间组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);干预2周、4周后夜间组Child-Pugh评分均低于日间组,NRS-2002评分明显低于日间组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);夜间组营养护理干预4周后生活质量GQOL-74量表评分高于日间组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:肝衰竭病人住院期间加强实施夜间营养护理干预,可明显改善病人营养状况,降低营养不良发生风险,改善病人生活质量。     

认知负荷理论在医疗护理领域中应用的研究进展

从认知负荷的定义、分类、测量方法以及在医疗护理领域中的应用等方面对国外最新研究进展进行综述,旨在为我国医院管理者在改善医护人员实施治疗与护理措施时认知负荷的水平发挥积极作用提供理论依据。     

养老机构老年人衰弱状况对生活质量影响的作用路径

目的:探讨养老机构老年人衰弱对生活质量影响的作用路径。方法:采用便利抽样法选取四川省成都市8所养老机构中符合纳入与排除标准的436名老年人作为调查对象,于2019年8月—12月应用一般资料调查表、衰弱表型(FP)、微型营养评定量表简表(MNA-SF)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)、社会支持评估量表(SSRS)、中文版健康调查量表(SF-36)对老年人进行调查。结果:养老机构436名老年人衰弱发生率为58.0%。非衰弱、衰弱老年人MNA-SF得分、ADL总分及各维度、SSRS总分及对支持的利用度维度、SF-36各维度得分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结构方程模型分析显示:老年人衰弱对生活质量的总效应为-10.326(P<0.001),直接效应为-4.215(P<0.001),通过营养状态、日常生活活动能力、社会支持对生活质量的间接效应为-6.111(P<0.001),间接效应占总效应的59.2%。结论:养老机构老年人衰弱的发生率高,衰弱既可直接影响老年人生活质量,亦可通过营养状态、日常生活活动能力、社会支持间接作用于生活质量。应重视对养老机构老年人衰弱...