锁定加压钢板内固定结合植骨治疗中老年桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨锁定加压钢板（LCP）内固定结合植骨治疗中老年桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法自2005年5月-2007年2月,应用LPC结合植骨治疗中老年桡骨远端粉碎性骨折13例,平均年龄64岁。AO分型A3型6例,C2型3例,C3型4例。首先在“C”形臂X线机监视下,通过手法行骨折复位,恢复掌倾角和尺偏角;然后经掌侧入路切口长约5cm。结果所有骨折均得到随访,随访6-25月,平均10个月。骨折愈合时间平均3．5个月。术后无感染、骨不连、钢板松动及正中神经损伤等并发症。1例术后第1d即发生急性腕管综合征,经减张制动后缓解。按Dienst功能评估标准进行评定：优5例,良6例,可2例,优良率84．6％。结论LCP内固定治疗中老年桡骨远端粉碎性骨折具有手术创伤小、固定可靠、退钉率低、并发症少及能早期进行功能锻炼等优点,术中结合一期植骨更有利于骨折愈合,特别适合骨质疏松的中老年桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的治疗。     

Classification of proximal tibial fractures in children

Purpose  To develop a classification system for all proximal tibial fractures in children that accounts for force of injury and fracture patterns. Methods  At our institution, 135 pediatric proximal tibia fractures were treated from 1997 to 2005. Fractures were classified into four groups according to the direction of force of injury: valgus, varus, extension, and flexion–avulsion. Each group was subdivided into metaphyseal and physeal type by fracture location and Salter–Harris classification. Also included were tibial tuberosity and tibial spine fractures. Results  Of the 135 fractures, 30 (22.2%) were classified as flexion group, 60 (44.4%) extension group, 28 (20.8%) valgus group, and 17 (12.6%) varus group. The most common type was extension-epiphyseal-intra-articular-tibial spine in 52 fractures (38.5%). This study shows that proximal tibial fractures are age-dependent in relation to: mechanism, location, and Salter–Harris type. In prepubescent children (ages 4–9 years), varus and valgus forces were the predominate mechanism of fracture creation. During the years nearing adolescence (around ages 10–12 years), a fracture mechanism involving extension forces predominated. With pubescence (after age 13 years), the flexion–avulsion pattern is most commonly seen. Furthermore, metaphyseal fractures predominated in the youngest population (ages 3–6 years), with tibial spine fractures occurring at age 10, Salter–Harris type I and II fractures at age 12, and Salter–Harris type III and IV physeal injuries occurring around age 14 years. Conclusion  We propose a new classification scheme that reflects both the direction of force and fracture pattern that appears to be age-dependent. A better understanding of injury patterns based on the age of the child, in conjunction with appropriate pre-operative imaging studies, such as computer-aided tomography, will facilitate the operative treatment of these often complex fractures.     

AO锁骨钩钢板固定治疗锁骨远端骨折伴肩锁关节脱位的应用研究

目的：探讨应用AO锁骨钩钢板（CHP）治疗锁骨远端骨折伴肩锁关节脱位的实用价值。方法：对1999年8月-2007年4月收治的锁骨远端骨折伴肩锁关节脱位28例,均采用AO锁骨钩钢板（CHP）内固定治疗,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：全部骨性愈合,随访8～48个月,平均23个月。无钢板断裂、螺钉松动、感染及再脱位,无骨折不愈合病例,肩关节功能均恢复良好。CHP取出时间8—17个月,平均11个月。结论：CHP对锁骨远端骨折并肩锁关节脱位治疗效果理想,骨折不愈合可以避免,并且可以早期功能练习,使骨折愈合与功能恢复同步进行,而且具有操作简单、易掌握、损伤小、疗效确切的特点,值得临床应用推广,是目前有效治疗此种损伤的最佳方法。     

改良游离腓骨移植联合红骨髓骨泥填充治疗青壮年股骨头坏死

目的探索青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死的治疗方法并进行疗效评价。方法2003年10月-2009年2月,采用改良式吻合血管的游离腓骨移植联合自体红骨髓骨泥填充治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死32例（38髋）。结果术后对32例患者经6个月～5年随访,根据症状改善情况及影像学变化,采用Harris评分进行评价,优28例,良7例,可3例,优良率92.1％．结论改良式吻合血管的腓骨移植联合自体红骨髓骨泥填充治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死具有创伤小、手术时间短、股骨头修复效果可靠,关节功能恢复好等优点,能够阻止或延缓病情发展,是治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死的有效方法。     

股骨远端复杂骨折术中下肢力线恢复方法的研究

目的探讨股骨远端复杂骨折术中下肢力线的恢复与疗效分析。方法自1999牟5月至2005年9月共手术治疗35例股骨远端复杂骨折,其中男30例,女5例,平均47．5岁。骨折分型：MullerA3型10例,C2型18例,C3型7例,均行切开复位钢板内固定植骨,同时注意恢复正常的下肢力线。下肢力线的恢复以健侧为参照标准。测量方法：自髂前上棘至第1、2趾间拉一直线,计算髌骨中心至该直线的垂直距离,并与健侧比较。结果35例患者中30例获得随访,随访时间14—36个月,平均21个月,按Rasmussen膝关节评分标准,结果：优20例,良5例,可3例,差2例,优良率达83．3％,膝关节功能与下肢力线正常与否密切相关。结论术中下肢力线的纠正是膝关节功能恢复的重要保证,同时,要充分考虑导致术后下肢力线异常的主要因素并给予相应处理。     

支撑锁定钢板并“骨柱”植骨治疗胫骨平台Ⅱ型骨折

目的探讨胫骨平台Ⅱ型骨折的治疗方法及疗效。方法2005年5月至2008年7月对17例胫骨平台Ⅱ型骨折患者,行切开复位支撑锁定钢板内固定并自体髂骨“骨柱”植骨手术,术后第3天行关节功能练习,2周后不负重行走。结果本组17例患者均获随访,随访时间2—36个月,平均13个月。按照Rasmussen评分标准,优13例,良4例。结论支撑锁定钢板固定并自体髂骨植骨治疗胫骨平台Ⅱ型骨折疗效满意。     

锁定加压钢板结合骨移植治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的研究锁定加压钢板结合骨移植治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的方法及效果。方法对35例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折,按照AO骨折分型:C1型11例;C2型15例;C3型9例,分别予以掌侧或背侧入路,切开复位锁定加压钢板内固定结合植骨术治疗。结果35例术后随访6~18个月,骨折平均愈合时间8(6~12)周,全部创口愈合良好,无腕关节僵硬以及骨折再移位,疗效按改良M cB ride评分和纽约骨科医院腕关节评估标准[1]:优23例,良9例,可3例,优良率91.4%。结论对于累及关节面的粉碎性桡骨远端骨折,锁定加压钢板结合骨移植的应用可以获得确实可靠的疗效,恢复较为满意的腕关节功能。     

Olfactory Neuroblastoma

Few neoplasms are unique to the sinonasal tract, but sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and olfactory neuroblastoma are malignant tumors which require unique management. Due to the rarity of these tumors, practicing pathologists are not always aware of their distinctive clinical, radiographic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. These cases are frequently submitted for consultation, further suggesting the diagnostic difficulties inherent to these tumors. Specifically, olfactory neuroblastoma is a neoplasm that can histologically mimic many tumors within the sinonasal tract, making recognition of this tumor important, as the management frequently requires a bicranial-facial surgical approach, a trephination procedure which can be quite technically difficult and challenging to achieve a good result. The management is therefore quite unique in comparison to other sinonasal tract malignancies, setting it apart diagnostically and managerially from other lesions.     

Bone mass, size and previous fractures as predictors of prospective fractures in an osteoporotic referral population

The influence of bone mass, bone size and previous low energy fractures upon prospective fractures has not been investigated in a referral osteoporotic population. We investigated the association between bone mass, bone size, previous fractures, body constitution, and prospective validated fractures in 5701 women and 1376 men, aged 30 years and older. Bone mass measurements of the femoral neck were collected at a single study center in Sweden. Most of the subjects were measured on suspicion of osteoporosis. Data on validated low energy retrospective and prospective fractures in the cohort were collected from the corresponding health care district. Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm²) and estimated volumetric BMD (vBMD, g/cm³) were shown to be good independent predictors for fracture in both women and men (Hazard ratio per standard deviation decrease (HR) = 1.27–1.52, p < 0.05). Bone size did not predict prospective fractures in either sex (HR = 0.91–0.99, p > 0.05), and bone size completely explained the higher BMD in men than in women. In women, retrospective low energy fractures (HR = 1.78, p < 0.001) and height (HR = 1.02, p = 0.006) were additional independent predictors of osteoporotic fractures after adjusting for age and BMD. In conclusion, we show that in a large osteoporotic referral population, age, BMD and previous fractures are independent predictors of prospective low energy fractures. These results add additional strength to the recent change in focus towards a multivariate analysis when assessing the future risk of fracture.     

Stress Fracture of the Proximal Fibula in Military Recruits

Background

We wanted to report on stress fracture of the proximal fibula and to suggest the pathomechanism of this fracture.

Methods

Between April 2004 through April 2005, the military recruits who complained of leg pain during the 6 weeks basic training in the Republic of Korea Marine Corps education and training group were evaluated according to their clinical manifestations and plain radiographs.

Results

Twelve recruits of 635 recruits who complained leg pain were diagnosed as having fibular stress fracture. Eleven cases (10 recruits) appeared at the junction of the proximal and middle 1/3 of the fibula and 2 cases (2 recruits) were in the middle 1/3 of the fibula, as assessed radiologically. Tenderness was the most reliable clinical manifestation. All the fractures occurred after repetitive walking or jumping in a squatting position. Conservative treatments that included bed rest, immobilization and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administration according to the symptom severity were satisfactory.

Conclusions

Proximal fibular stress fracture is not rare in military recruits. The shearing force on the proximal fibula and the repetitive stress by walking or jumping in a squatting position contribute to the stress fracture of the proximal fibula.