人工肱骨头置换与肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的近期临床疗效分析

[摘要] 目的 对比分析人工肱骨头置换术和肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析本院骨科2012年1月~2014年6月采用人工肱骨头置换术和肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗的老年（年龄>65岁）NeerⅢ、Ⅳ部分肱骨近端骨折患者54例，人工肱骨头置换治疗（置换组）30例，肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定治疗（内固定组）24例。比较分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、随访Neer评分及Constant-Murley评分来评定两组临床疗效。结果 两组随访时间相仿，平均随访时间为19.5个月（12~36个月）。内固定组手术时间（101±13）分钟，术中出血量（237.9±32.4）mL，Neer评分（82.5±3.2），Constant-Murley评分（71.7±5.0）；置换组手术时间（98±11）分钟，术中出血量（246.0±39.8）mL，Neer评分（82.9±4.5），Constant-Murley评分（73.5±5.0）。两组手术时间、术中出血量、随访Neer及Constant-Murley评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。内固定组有1例出现肩关节半脱位，肱骨头置换组有2例出现肩关节半脱位，通过三角巾悬吊后关节脱位均得到纠正。有1例四部分骨折患者，行内固定术后出现内固定松动、肱骨头坏死，改行人工肱骨头置换术。结论 人工肱骨头置换术和肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端复杂骨折的近期临床疗效相似，对不可修复的肱骨近端骨折宜行肱骨头置换术。     

The early phase of experimental acute renal failure

Summary Experiments were designed to determine whether leakage of substances across the tubular epithelium, which are impermeant in the normal kidney, falsifies the measurement of glomerular filtration rate in acute renal failure. Permeability to those substances most commonly used for filtration rate determination, polyfructosan, inulin and ferrocyanide, was estimated by measuring their recoveries following perfusion through various nephron segments in haeme pigment, ischaemic and nephrotoxic models of actue renal failure. Late proximal recovery of¹⁴C ferrocyanide was only marginally decreased compared to controls, by a maximum of 6%. Distal recovery of polyfructosan,¹⁴C and³H inulin were depressed somewhat more, by a maximum of 11%. Urinary recovery of¹⁴C inulin was reduced by only 15% in kidneys showing severely restricted renal function. It is concluded that tubular leakage is not a feature of significance in the early phase of moderate acute renal failure, that ferrocyanide and inulin are reliable markers for the determination of nephron filtration rate and water reabsorption, and that the reduction in whole kidney inulin or polyfructosan clearance reflects primarily a reduction in glomerular filtration rate.     

国人股骨假体设计的解剖学基础

目的 :为选择和设计适合中国人的髋关节假体提供参考值。方法 :对 12 9例成人股骨标本进行X线摄片 ,并对其中 2 0例标本行CT扫描 ,测量小转子及其上下 2cm平面处髓腔宽度、前倾角等参数。结果 :小转子处髓腔宽为 ( 2 4.85± 2 .94)mm ,其上 2cm处为 ( 4 2 .47± 5 .14 )mm ,其下 2cm处为 ( 17.87±3 .0 4)mm ,个体间有较大差异。CT测量值与X片测量值无明显统计学差异。结论 :股骨上段的解剖学资料 ,可为选择和设计适合国人的人工髋关节假体提供参考。     

股骨粗隆间骨折采用改良L形钢板内固定的生物力学原理与临床应用

作者自1994年始采用自行设计L形钢板内固定治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折60例，平均随访25个月，X线片显示骨折愈合时间6～13周，平均8．9周，伤肢功能在3个月内基本恢复正常，无骨折延迟愈合及髋内翻现象。为论证改良L形钢板的优点，本文采用8具新鲜尸股骨沿着它的外侧、内侧骨皮质粘贴6个应变片，观察股骨近端应变和位移分布，以检验改良L形钢板固定粗隆间骨折的效果。在实验前后将股骨粗隆造成二部分或四部分骨折。利用实验结果给制成应变和位移图，并与鹅头打固定组相比较。在载荷加至1800N时比较两种内固定器械的生物力学性能。结果表明，在治疗不稳定粗隆间骨折中，L形钢板比鹅头钉更具有生物力学的优势。     

股骨CT图像轮廓跟踪方法

目的 为重建和测量股骨的解剖结构，需要大量地读取CT图像的信息，以获得股骨轮廓的坐标值。方法本研究采用直方图阈值图像分割、Kirsh边缘提取法获得股骨的二值化轮廓图像。结果轮廓坐标的提取应用了“迷宫”边缘跟踪算法。结论本方法可大量、快捷、正确地提取图像轮廓信息。     

股骨远端骨折锁定钢板断裂原因分析及处理

目的探讨股骨远端骨折锁定钢板内固定失效的原因及防治措施。方法对2007年5月~2012年6月共14例应用锁定钢板固定失败的股骨远端骨折患者的临床资料进行分析,其中男9例,女5例,年龄27~68岁,平均39.2岁,骨折内固定术后1~8月(平均5.6个月)锁定钢板断裂。钢板断裂者均采用钢板螺钉取出术,5例予交锁髓内钉内固定,9例再次锁定钢板固定,均同时取自体髂骨移植植骨治疗。结果二次术后14例均获得随访,术后随访9~24月,平均14月,13例获得骨性愈合,1例二次锁定钢板固定患者于二次术后8月再次发生钢板断裂,予行钢板螺丝钉取出、交锁髓内钉固定治疗,再次手术后6月获骨性愈合。膝关节功能按Kolment评分标准:优4例,良9例,差1例。断裂原因具有多样性,5例钢板选择过短,9例存在螺钉置入密度过大,8例内侧皮质粉碎、缺失,4例因过早负重,2例因锻炼时摔伤而导致内固定失败。结论锁定钢板内固定失效的原因通常与对锁定钢板的适应证掌握不全,骨折端过度剥离、复位不良或内侧皮质存在缺损及术后功能锻炼不当有关。因此,选择合适的内固定物,注重植骨,加强术后康复指导、避免过早负重可有效预防及治疗股骨远端骨折钢板内固定失败。     

股骨上端形态曲线的测量、参数化与统计分析

通过对84根完好的中国人成人股骨标本进行正位和侧位两个方向的X线摄影，得到股骨正、侧两方位的X光片。对X光片上股骨上端髓腔内侧形态进行描绘，将描绘好的图像输入计算机，由计算机进行图像预处理后提取其曲线形态数据，并将形态数据参数化，从而得到可比较的、能准确表现股骨形态的量化数据，为股骨形态的分类分析和系列型人工髋关节的参数设计打下基础。     

经皮锁定加压钢板固定胫骨多段骨折21例疗效分析

目的探讨经皮锁定加压钢板(locking compression plate,LCP)手术治疗胫骨多段骨折的临床疗效。方法将2010年6月~2011年12月收治的胫骨多段骨折患者,根据AO分类方法筛选出C2型骨折21例:左侧9例,右侧12例;男性14例,女性7例;年龄15~71岁,平均(44±2.1)岁。入选病例均采用微创经皮插入LCP钢板手术内固定治疗。结果随访8~15个月,术后3~4月骨折线变模糊,术后6~9月骨折处出现大量骨痂;膝关节屈曲为(147±3.2)°,伸直为(0±0.5)°;踝关节背伸(9±1.2)°,跖屈(43±2.1)°;Johner-Wruhs评分标准:优17例,良3例,可1例,差0例;优良率95.24%。结论经皮LCP钢板固定胫骨多段骨折安全、有效,是值得推广的手术方式。     

Development of a quantitative monoclonal antibody‐based immunoassay for humicola ianuginosa on rice grains and comparison with conventional assays

A sensitive, specific, quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed that can be used to determine the extent of mycelial growth of a sporulating thermophilic fungus, Humicola lanuginosa on the surface of rice grains. The assay employs a monoclonal antibody EC6, developed in a previous study, which does not recognize spores of the fungus. Using antigen‐coated wells, a direct linear relationship was established between dilutions of extracts from freeze‐dried mycelium (0.5 to 3 μg/ml) and absorbance values but to eliminate day‐to‐day variations it was found to be necessary to run a dilution series, prepared from stock freeze‐dried mycelium, with every test sample. The ELISA method was compared with conventional quantitative methods. Estimates of total mycelial length in freeze‐dried material by ELISA were found to be in the same order of magnitude as those determined by ergosterol and a theoretical calculation. The ELISA method also compared favourably with direct linear measurements (by photomicrography) of live mycelium present in aliquots from homogenates of a 1 cm² plug taken from a plate but estimates of the latter by the dilution plate count method were much lower. In assays with inoculated rice grains, the quantitative ELISA method proved more sensitive than either the ergosterol method or direct plating of surface‐sterilized grains. The ELISA method also has the advantage of being highly specific and quick to conduct.