处女膜修补手术及麻醉方法的改进

目的；增大处女膜粘膜瓣的接触面，减少因麻醉造成的处女膜粘膜水肿，提高修复手术的成功率。方法：手术全部采用1％的卡因行粘膜表面麻醉。53例采用瓦合粘膜瓣法，3例用瓦合粘膜瓣联合阴道粘膜瓣修复法。结果：56例术后一月随访，53例处女膜孔径为一指，成功率94．64％。结论：采用1％的卡因粘膜表面麻醉，瓦合粘膜瓣法及瓦合粘膜联合阴道粘膜瓣修复法对处女膜修复是行之有效的。     

细胞移植用于心肌修复--细胞心肌成形术的研究进展

由于心肌细胞的增殖能力很低，细胞移植作为一种新的治疗方法用于改善心功能及心肌活力已受到广泛的关注。目前已有胚胎干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞和内皮干细胞在体外诱导分化为心肌细胞；动物实验中用于心肌移植的细胞有胚胎心肌细胞、造血干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、骨骼肌成肌细胞、内皮干细胞、肝干细胞和神经干细胞。其中成肌细胞移植用来改善心肌梗死后的心脏功能，已有临床报道，并取得成功。     

超声抽吸法治疗下肢原发性淋巴水肿

目的观察超声抽吸法治疗下肢原发性淋巴水肿的疗效。方法为12例患者采用内超声脂肪抽吸机吸除淋巴水肿组织以降低患肢淋巴负荷，抽吸后结合持续弹力袜裤压扎。结果术后2周水肿即时消退明显，术后1年随访水肿消退，复发不明显。结论超声抽吸法治疗原发性淋巴水肿安全简便，结合弹性袜裤压扎可望取得较好的远期疗效。     

The attachments of the anteromedial and posterolateral fibre bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament

The tibial attachments of the individual anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) fibre bundles and the entire attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament are described, relating them to consistent bony landmarks; 55 fresh-frozen specimens were measured. The fibre bundles were separated and excised at their attachments and their peripheries marked with a pen. High-resolution scaled digital photographs were taken of each dissected specimen and transferred onto a computer for analysis. A wide variation was found when using the posterior tibial axis, the anterior tibial surface and the medial tibial spine as reference points. The most consistent measurements used the tibial interspinous “over-the-back” ridge as a datum. The attachments of the PL and AM bundles were centred 10 ± 1 mm (mean ± SD) and 17 ± 2 mm anterior to the over-the-back ridge. They were 4 ± 1 and 5 ± 1 mm, respectively, lateral to the medial tibial spine border. The positions of 6 mm circles in the posterior-medial limits of the fibre bundles (representing tunnels in a double-tunnel reconstruction) were measured. The overall dimensions of the tibial plateaux correlated significantly with many measurements. The results from this study could be used to guide ACL reconstruction techniques.     

Genetic analysis of the yeast NUD1 endo-exonuclease: a role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks

The deoxyribonucleases (DNases) have been shown genetically to be important in the vital processes of DNA repair and recombination. The NUD1 gene, which codes for an endo-exonuclease of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was analyzed for its role in the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair processes. While the nud1 strain is only slightly sensitive to ionizing radiation, expression of the HO-endonuclease to introduce a DSB at the MAT locus in that strain results in cell death. Cell survival is inversely proportional to the duration of HO-endonuclease expression. Analysis of the surviving colonies from the nud1 strain indicated that many of the survivors are sterile and that the proportion of these sterile survivors increases with the time of HO-endonuclease expression. On the other hand, the surviving colonies from the isogenic NUD1 strain are mating-proficient. Interestingly, double mutants of nud1 rad52 are more resistant to ionizing irradiation than the rad52 strain and have a cell-survival fraction of 32% for rad52-1 nud1 and 9% for rad52::URA3 nud1 following prolonged HO-endonuclease expression, indicating that nud1 has a suppressor effect on the DSB-induced lethality in rad52. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that many of the nud1 survivors contained small alterations within the MAT locus, suggesting that the survivors arose through the process of non-homologous end-joining. These results suggest that the endo-exonuclease acts at a DSB to promote DNA repair via the homologous recombination pathway. Received: 20 July / 20 September 1998     

Prevalence of giardiasis among primary school children

Summary This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among primary school children in Northern Jordan. Stool specimens were collected from 1100 children of both sexes from urban and rural schools. A questionnaire covering relevant informations was completed for each child. Wet mount preparation, formaline-ether concentration technique, and trichrome stain were prepared for the recovery and identification of parasites. Giardia lamblia was observed in 396 (36%) of the stool specimens examined. The infection rates were higher in the younger age group where several of them had diarrhoea and reported variable symptoms. The infection rates declined with age and children were asymptomatic. Rates were higher in children from the rural areas, from low income families, and it was higher in boys than girls.
Contaminated drinking water is suspected to be the major potential source of infection. The importance of the asymptomatic cases and the epidemiological factors contributing to the transmission in these areas are discussed.     

筛检对肝癌死亡率影响的研究

5581名HBsAg阳性的男性随机分入周期性筛检组(A组,3712人)及对照组(B组,1869人)。A组(19155.4人年)共发生肝癌257例,B组(9785.5人年)为117例,两组的肝癌发生率分别为1342/10万与1196/10万;两组肝癌死亡分别为218与109例,肝癌死亡率分别为1138/10万与1114/10万。两组中Ⅰ期肝癌病例分别为29.6％与6.0％,差异有非常显著性意义。1、3、5年相对生存率A组为23.7％、7.0％、4.0％,B组为9.7％、4.0％、4.1％。用Poisson回归模型拟合显示,在调正年龄、初筛AFP及入列年份后,筛检对于肝癌的相对危险度为0.83,95％CI为0.68～1.03,有较弱的“保护”作用,Cox回归模型拟合结果显示当临床分期未引入模型时,筛检对于肝癌有显著的“保护”作用:危险率为0.6617,95％CI为0.5234～0.8365;而模型经调整后,危险率即接近“1”,95％CI为0.74～1.26。     

The use of tissue expanders in syndactyly repair

The syndactyly repairs of 11 hands in seven patients (average age 20.4) who had simple complete syndactyly between the third and fourth fingers were done by the use of tissue expanders in order to obtain adequate skin closure. At the first stage, a wedge type, 7 cc tissue expander was placed beneath the dorsal skin of the syndactylous digits via a vertical dorsal hand incision under local anesthesia. Inflation was begun on the 15th postoperative day. After the inflation period (average 32 days), syndactyly repair similar to the Littler technique was performed using axillary block anesthesia. During the expansion period one tissue expander became exposed and this hand was repaired by the classical skin grafting technique. In the remaining ten hands the expanded dorsal skin ensured skin closure of the digits and web reconstruction without any need for skin grafting. No complications were encountered during the postoperative period. Active and passive abduction angles, tip-to-tip length, active range of motion of the digits, and two point discrimination tests were done at follow-up (average six months). The web appearances were normal in all patients. Active abduction angles and active range of motion of the digits was always normal at the third postoperative month. Two point discrimination was 8.7 mm on the interdigital sides of the digits and there was no tip-to-tip length differences of the digits. No contractures were seen.Presented at the International Congress of Surgery of the Hand and Upper Extremity, Izmir, Turkey, September 25, 1994.     

高原地区人胎儿脊柱的生长发育

本文用X线摄片的方法,对西宁地区胎龄为17—36周的60例胎儿脊柱的骨化及生长动态进行了研究。结果:1、提供了高原地区人胎儿脊柱长轴生长发育的资料。脊柱各段以胸段为最长,其次为腰、颈、骶段。2、计算出胎龄与脊柱各段长度间的回归方程,据此可以胎龄推算脊柱的长度,反之亦可以脊柱的长度估计胎龄。3、报道了颈、骶、尾段亿发骨化点出现顺序的规律。     

Hematopoietic turnover index in reactive and neoplastic bone marrow lesions: quantification by apoptosis and PCNA labeling

 In order to determine the dynamics of hematopoietic cell turnover, proliferative activity and incidence of apoptosis (programmed cell death) were evaluated in bone marrow trephine biopsies. Selection of patients (20 in each group) included in addition to a control group, idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP), reactive thrombocytosis (TH), secondary polycythemia-smokers' polyglobuly (PG), primary (essential-hemorrhagic) thrombocythemia (PTH), polycythemia vera (PV), and finally acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Apoptosis was demonstrated by the in situ end-labeling technique (ISEL) and proliferative activity by applying the monoclonal antibody PC10 raised against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). To assess dynamic features of hematopoiesis, an index was calculated consisting of the ratio between PCNA-positive nuclei and the apoptotic cell fraction. This factor was termed the hematopoietic turnover index (HTI). Morphometric analysis revealed that the HTI was significantly increased in AML and PV. According to cell culture studies both disorders are characterized by either a prevalent proliferation of the myeloid or erythroid cell mass. On the other hand, PG, PTH, and TH showed no relevant enhancement of this index in comparison to the control specimen. In vitro experiment results are in keeping with the finding that PG and PTH are not associated with a significant expansion of the erythroid lineage (CFU-E). Similar to ITP and TH, in PTH megakaryocyte proliferation (CFU-MEG) is the predominant feature of cell turnover. Differences between PTH and TH are in line with the reduced in vitro formation of CFU-MEG in the latter disorder. In conclusion, our in situ study on turnover rates of the bone marrow in various neoplastic and reactive lesions extends previous experimental data on hematopoietic cell kinetics. Received: 10 March 1997 / Accepted: 18 May 1997