冠心病高脂血症患者L-精氨酸、硝酸根、亚硝酸根及组织型纤溶酶原激活物水平的变化

观察30例冠心病高脂血症患者和16例正常人脂过氧化物、L-精氨酸、硝酸根、亚硝酸根、组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂水平的变化。结果发现,冠心病高脂血症患者L-精氨酸水平、组织型纤溶酶原激活物和超氧化物歧化酶活性下降(与对照组相比,p<0.05),硝酸根、亚硝酸根及脂过氧化物水平升高(p<0.05)。结果提示冠心病高脂血症患者血浆中L-精氨酸相对缺乏,可能与其一氧化氮需要量增加有关;血清中硝酸根和亚硝酸根的含量增加,可能与一氧化氮的降解增加有关;组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性降低可能与细胞功能障碍有关。     

In vitro shear stress modulates antithrombogenic potentials of human endothelial progenitor cells

Background Recent study suggested that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a novel therapeutic approach for endothelial dysfunction, present limited antithrombogenic potentials. However, few attempts have been done to improve the antithrombogenic potentials of EPCs. Our previous study proved that in vitro shear stress contributes to the increase in t-PA production by human EPCs. Here, we further investigated whether in vitro shear stress contributes to the secretion of antithrombogenic substances including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and prostaglandin I₂ (PGI₂) by human EPCs. Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy subjects were induced into EPCs. Then the human EPCs were treated with four levels of shear stress including stationary condition low media and high flow shear stress. The production of PAI-1 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1_1α(6-Keto-PGF_1α) by human EPCs with shear stress treatment were measured. Results In vitro medium and high flow shear stress inhibited PAI-1 secretion by human EPCs, but low flow shear stress had no effect on PAI-1 secretion by human EPCs. All levels of shear stress significantly increased 6-Keto-PGF_1α production by human EPCs in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that in vitro shear stress can promote PGI₂ secretion and inhibit PAI-1 secretion by human EPCs, which improves the antithrombogenic potentials of human EPCs.     

长球囊血管成形术对糖尿病足凝血及纤溶功能的影响

目的：观察长球囊血管成形术治疗糖尿病足术后凝血和纤溶系统活性的动态变化，探讨长球囊血管成形术预防再狭窄的可能机制。方法：选取糖尿病足患者40例，实验组20例，行长球囊血管成形术，对照组20例行短球囊血管成形术，术前，术后即刻、术后24h采取股静脉血，检测组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t—PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂（PAI-1）、纤维蛋白肽A（FPA）的含量。结果：两组患者的t—PA含量在术后即刻均降低，术后24h实验组的较术后即刻有明显恢复（P〈0．05），且较对照组的显著（P〈0．05），两组分别为（33．30±3．20）ng／ml，（31．01±0．89）ng／ml。PAI-1含量术后两组均显著升高（P〈0．05），24h两组患者均显著降低，实验组降低更显著（P〈0．05），两组分别为（44．33±0．75）ng／ml，（47．86±2．52）ng／ml。FPA含量术后两组均显著升高（P〈0．05），24h两组均显著降低，实验组降低更显著（P〈0．05）。结论：手术前、后t—PA、PAI-1、FPA含量的变化．提示长球囊血管成形术对糖尿病足治疗有效，可能降低血栓事件发生，预防术后再狭窄。     

芪参益气滴丸对急性冠脉综合征患者冠状动脉介入治疗术后炎症趋化因子水平的影响

目的:观察芪参益气滴丸对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后血清炎症趋化因子高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、1型纤溶酶激活物抑制剂(PAI-1)、内皮素-1(ET-1)水平的影响.方法:选择100例行PCI的ACS患者,随机分为芪参益气滴丸口服+常规治疗(芪参组,n=50)与常规治疗(对照组,n=50),比较两组PCI术前1 d、PCI术后24 h、PCI术后第4周血清高敏C反应蛋白、1型纤溶酶激活物抑制剂、内皮素-1的差异.结果:共有100例完成试验,其中男性70例,女性30例,与对照组比较,PCI术前1 d、PCI术后24 h,芪参组的血清高敏C反应蛋白、1型纤溶酶激活物抑制剂、内皮素-1水平差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);芪参组PCI术后4周的高敏C反应蛋白、1型纤溶酶激活物抑制剂和内皮素-1有明显回落(P＜0.05～0.01),差异均有统计学意义;本组间与PCI术前1 d比较,PCI术后24 h及PCI术后4周的血清高敏C反应蛋白、1型纤溶酶激活物抑制剂、内皮素-1浓度均较术前1 d有明显改变(PCI术后24 h为增加,PCI术后4周为回落,P均＜0.01),差异均有统计学意义.结论:芪参益气滴丸可降低ACS患者PCI术后血清炎症趋化因子的水平.     

Reactive protein,plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 （PAI-1） levels,PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism and acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the relationship between CRP, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 （PAI-1） levels, PAI-1 gene promoter 4G/5G polymorphism and the type of acute myocardial infarction （ST elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI vs the non-ST elevation Myocardial infarction, NSTEMI）. Methods One hundred seventy-six consecutive patients with AMI were included for the study, of whom 60 had STEMI and 56 had NSTEMI, and 60 adults without cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were selected as controls. Blood samples were obtained from patients within 6 h of AMI and the plasma PAI-1, CRP, and the gene polymorphism were measured. Results Plasma levels of PAI- 1 and CRP were higher in AMI groups, compared those in the control group, and plasma levels of PAI-1 were significantly higher in patients with STEMI compared to those with NSTEMI （80.12ng/ml VS.73.01ng/ml, P 〈0.01）, while CRP levels were not significantly different between patient with STEMI and NSTEMI （3.87 ± 0.79 mg/ml VS.4.01 ±0.69mg/ml, P〉0.05）. PAI-1 levels presented a significant correlation with CRP levels in the NSTEMI subjects. However, PAI-1 and CRP levels could explain the lack of a significant relationship between them in control and STEMI subjects.The frequencies of 4G/4G genotype in the AMI group were higher than those in the control group and higher in patient with STEMI than in patient with NSTEMI. Plasma levels of PAI-1 in subjects with 4G/4G genotype were significantly increased as compared to those in subjects with 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotype. Conclusions Plasma PAI-1 levels were associated with different myocardial infarction type, and PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphisms and CRP may be related to plasma PAI-1 levels     

亚低温治疗对缺血性卒中纤溶系统的影响

纤溶系统失衡参与了缺血性卒中的病理生理学过程.大多数学者认为缺血性卒中患者的纤溶活性降低,而部分学者认为其纤溶活性增高.亚低温是一种具有巨大潜能并通过多种机制发挥神经保护效应的治疗手段.动物实验证实,亚低温治疗能提高血浆纤溶活性并减少缺血区局部纤溶酶原激活物表达,但相关临床研究较少,而且多局限于亚低温联合其他治疗方法的安全性和协同性的研究.

Abstract：

The imbalance in the fibrinolytic system participates in the pathophysic-logical processes of ischemic stroke. Most researchers consider that the fibrinolytic activity decreases in patients with ischemic stroke, while others believe that it increases. Mild hypothermia is a therapeutic approach with great potential and plays the neuroprotective effect through a variety of mechanisms. Animal experiments have demonstrated that the treatment with mild hypothermia may increase the plasma fibrinolytic activity and decrease the expression of local plasminogen activator in ischemic area. Howere, the related clinical research studies are few, and most of them are limited in the safty and collaborative research of mild hypothermia combined with other treatment therapies.     

纤溶和凝血功能变化与2型糖尿病微血管病变的关系

目的探讨凝血与纤溶功能变化在糖尿病微血管病变中的临床意义。方法纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）活性采用发色底物法,纤维蛋白原（Fg）采用免疫浊度法测定。结果糖尿病无微血管病变组血浆PAI-1和Fg水平高于小常对照组（P〈0．05）,糖尿病微血管病变组血浆PAI-1和Fg水平明显高于无微血管病变组及正常对照组（P〈0．01）。结论2型糖尿病患者存在血液的高凝及低纤溶状态,在发生2型糖尿病微血管病变后更为明显,检测2型糖尿病患者血浆中PAI-1和Fg水平,对糖尿病微血管病变的预防和治疗具有一定的临床意义。     

心房颤动患者左心房血栓形成的可能机制研究

目的研究慢性心房颤动(房颤)患者心房内皮型一氧化氮合成酶(eNOS)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)蛋白表达和血浆一氧化氮(NO)、PAI-1、血管性血友病因子(vWF)含量的变化，探讨房颤血栓形成的可能机制。方法30例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变接受外科手术者，分为窦性心律组、阵发性房颤组和慢性房颤组，手术时取左右心房组织各100mg，通过Western blot检测eNOS和PAI-1蛋白表达数量，免疫组织化学方法检测蛋白表达位置，酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法检测血浆PAI-1和vWF水平，硝酸还原酶法测定血浆NO浓度。结果慢性房颤组和阵发性房颤组左心房eNOS蛋白表达明显下凋，PAI-1蛋白表达上凋，右心房无显著变化。慢性房颤组血浆vWF明显高于阵发性房颤组，阵发性房颤组明显高于窦性心律组；慢性房颤组和阵发性房颤组血浆PAI-1明显高于窦性心律组，NO明显低于窦性心律组。结论房颤能引起左心房心内膜功能受损，导致抗血栓物质eNOS蛋白表达下调，促血栓物质PAI-1蛋白表达上调，血栓形成与溶解平衡失调，这可能是房颤左心房血栓形成的重要原因。     

PAI-1基因多态性与缺血性心脑血管病的相关性研究

目的探讨PAI-1基因启动子区域4G/5G插入/缺失状态与缺血性心脑血管病的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶法(PCR-RFLP)对199例缺血性心脑血管病患者及121例正常人纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)启动子基因单核苷酸插入/缺失多态性进行分析。结果①病例组与对照组比较,4G/4G基因型频率较高(81/199vs23/121),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。②4G/4G基因型缺血性心脑血管病患者有家族倾向(P<0.01)。结论PAI-1基因4G/5G多态性与缺血性心脑血管病发病密切相关,4G/4G基因型频率在缺血性心脑血管病患者中所占比例较高,并且4G/4G基因型与缺血性心脑血管病家族史密切相关。提示4G/4G基因型个体易患缺血性心脑血管病,有一定的遗传倾向。     

Therapeutic Potential of Monteplase in Acute Myocardial Infarction as a Powerful Thrombolytic Agent for Pretreatment of Coronary Intervention

Thrombolysis with conventional thrombolytic agents followed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) had no impact on the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the development of mutant type plasminogen activator (mt‐PA) has prompted us to reassess the combination of thrombolysis and PCI. Monteplase (Eisai, Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) is a newly developed mt‐PA that can be administrated as a single intravenous bolus injection. We initiated a clinical trial [Combining Monteplase with Angioplasty (COMA)] to evaluate the effectiveness of monteplase followed by PCI. The AMI patients were randomly assigned to receive PCI following pretreatment with a single bolus intravenous injection of monteplase or direct PCI without monteplase. The initial coronary angiography prior to PCI showed that 36.2% of patients in the monteplase group achieved Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 flow in the infarct‐related artery, compared with in only 7.9% of patients in the direct PCI group (P < 0.0001). During 24 months following PCI, major cardiac events occurred in 27.7% of patients in the monteplase + PCI group, and in 46.7% of patients in the direct PCI group without monteplase (P < 0.05). Thus, the ideal strategy for the treatment of AMI is the administration of monteplase upon arrival at a community hospital with a prompt transfer to a tertiary center for PCI.