Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B transmission in Haimen City,China: Results of a community public health initiative

In regions where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic, perinatal transmission is common. Infected newborns have a 90% chance of developing chronic HBV infection, and 1 in 4 will die prematurely from HBV-related liver disease. In 2010, the Hepatitis B Foundation and the Haimen City CDC launched the Gateway to Care campaign in Haimen City, China to improve awareness, prevention, and control of HBV infection citywide. The campaign included efforts to prevent perinatal HBV transmission by screening all pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), following those who tested positive, and administering immunoprophylaxis to their newborns at birth. Of 5407 pregnant women screened, 185 were confirmed HBsAg-positive and followed until delivery. At age one, 175 babies were available for follow up testing. Of those, 137 tested negative for HBsAg and positive for antibodies to HBsAg, indicating protection. An additional 34 HBsAg-negative babies also tested negative for antibodies to HBsAg or had indeterminate test results, were considered to have had inadequate immune responses to the vaccine, and were given a booster dose. A higher prevalence of nonresponse to HBV vaccine was observed among babies born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers and mothers with high HBV DNA titers. The remaining 4 babies tested positive for HBsAg and negative for antibodies, indicative of active HBV infection. The mothers of all 4 had viral loads ≥8 × 10⁶ copies/ml in the third trimester. Although inadequate response or nonresponse to HBV vaccine was more common among babies born to HBeAg-positive and/or high viral load mothers, these risk factors did not completely predict nonresponsiveness. All babies born to HBV-infected mothers should be tested upon completion of the vaccine series to ascertain adequate protection. Some babies of HBeAg-positive mothers with high viral load may still become HBV infected despite timely immunoprophylaxis with HBV vaccine and HBIG.     

积极护理干预对甲状腺功能减退孕妇妊娠结局及胎儿的影响

目的 探讨积极护理干预对甲状腺功能减退孕妇妊娠结局及胎儿的影响。方法 选择2015年3月至2016年3月在武威市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心建档并最终分娩的145例妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退的孕妇作为研究对象,按就诊号顺序编号,随机数字表法分为对照组（72例）和干预组（73例）。对照组患者给予常规孕期指导并给予左旋甲状腺素替代治疗,干预组患者在对照组药物治疗的基础上,增加积极的护理干预措施,包括制定详细诊疗及护理方案,定期进行甲状腺功能减退知识普及、心理疏导、饮食、运动干预。观察并比较两组患者妊娠结局及对胎儿的影响。结果 干预组患者早产及贫血的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预组的新生儿出生体重高于对照组（P<0.05）,胎儿窘迫、胎儿生长受限的发生率均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者在胎膜早破、死胎、新生儿窒息等方面相比,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 积极护理干预可以有效降低不良妊娠结局发生率,减少对围生期胎儿的不良影响。     

Validating the Psychometric Characteristics of the Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) in a Chinese Context

Background

Perinatal posttraumatic stress disorder (PPTSD) is a common stress-induced mental disorder worldwide. The Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) is an excellent questionnaire that measures the symptoms of PPTSD, but has not been translated into Chinese yet.

149例双胎妊娠临床分析

目的 分析双胎妊娠的临床特点,探讨引起不良妊娠结局的影响因素.方法 随机选取149例2000年1月-2011年12月期间分娩的双胎妊娠产妇,依据分娩方式不同分成2组.其中,阴道分娩组34例,手术分娩组115例.对2组病例资料进行对比分析,主要包括孕妇年龄、孕产次、受孕方式、分娩孕周、分娩方式、孕期并发症、新生儿体重、Apgar评分及围产儿预后等指标,探讨引起不良妊娠结局的影响因素.结果 二种分娩方式产后出血发生率无统计学差异,阴道分娩组新生儿窒息及围产儿死亡率高于手术分娩组(P均＜0.05).孕周增加,围产儿死亡率及新生儿窒息率逐渐降低.围产儿死亡率妊娠＜ 34周者高于≥34周者;新生儿窒息率妊娠＜32周者高于≥32周者(P均＜0.05).胎儿出生体重增加,围产儿死亡率和新生儿窒息率逐渐降低(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析提示在相同孕周下,围产儿体重对预后影响最为明显(P＜0.05).结论 影响双胎妊娠结局主要因素有分娩方式、分娩孕周及胎儿体重.改善双胎宫内发育环境,促进胎儿体重增加和器官成熟,延长孕周,选择合适的分娩时机与方式,适当放宽剖宫产指征,有助于改善母婴尤其是围产儿预后.     

Maternal thyroid‐stimulating hormone reference ranges for first trimester screening from 11 to 14 weeks of gestation

Background

To establish maternal thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) reference ranges for first trimester screening from 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation.

Methods

A total of 10 592 singleton and 201 twin consecutive Caucasian pregnant women who underwent simultaneously prenatal first trimester Down's syndrome screening and thyroid function screening from January 2010 to November 2017 were included in the study. Women with positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and positive personal history of thyroid disease were previously excluded. TSH was measured by immunochemiluminescent assay on ci 16200 Abbott Architect analyzer. Nonparametric percentile method (also known as CLSI C28.A3) was used for the determination of reference ranges.

Results

We established reference ranges of TSH for the period of gestation from 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of pregnancy as 0.16‐3.43 mU/L for singleton Caucasian pregnancies and 0.02‐2.95 mU/L for twin Caucasian pregnancies. The median (IQR) of TSH for singleton pregnancies was higher than that for twin pregnancies (1.25 mU/L (0.83‐1.81) vs 0.84 (0.37‐1.47), respectively; P < .0001).

Conclusions

Each first trimester screening center should be aware of which type of immunoassay their laboratory uses. TSH reference ranges in women during the first trimester of pregnancy are lower than those for general population. Twin pregnancies have lower TSH than singleton pregnancies.

     

孕期/哺乳期砷暴露对子鼠心、肝、脾、肾发育的影响

[目的]探讨孕期/哺乳期砷暴露对子鼠心、肝、脾、肾发育影响。[方法]昆明种孕小鼠48只,随机分成4组,每组12只。全孕期和哺乳期以自由饮水方式连续染毒。按饮水砷浓度分别设空白对照组,1、4、16 mg/L染砷组。子鼠生后追踪体重和身长发育情况。哺乳喂养,3周断乳。测量断乳子鼠心、肝、脾、肾脏器系数,观察子鼠心、肝、脾和肾组织形态。[结果]体格发育:出生第3、10、15和21天,各组子鼠平均体重和身长均随母鼠饮水砷浓度升高而降低(P<0.05)。脏器系数:生后3周,各组子鼠心、肝、脾、肾脏器系数均随母鼠饮水砷浓度升高而升高(P<0.05)。病理形态:染砷组断乳子鼠心肌纤维厚薄不均,排列紊乱,心肌细胞核密集;肝细胞以及肾皮质区近曲小管内皮细胞出现水变性,高剂量染砷组子鼠肾远曲小管出现蛋白管型;脾脏出现特征性结构边界不清,白髓面积逐渐变小,红髓面积逐渐增大等表现;上述病理损伤随染砷浓度增加而逐渐加重。[结论]孕期/哺乳期砷暴露导致断乳期子鼠多器官组织形态异常,此可能是砷致生后远期慢性疾病发生的解剖学基础和发育源性病因。     

围生期常用治疗对子代神经发育影响的研究进展北大核心CSCD

围生期是子代大脑及中枢神经发育的关键时期,此期内发生的不同事件都会对子代大脑的发育进程有着深远影响。糖皮质激素、抗生素、硫酸镁、咖啡因、肺表面活性物质及亚低温治疗等是围生期的常见治疗药物及手段,与新生儿的神经发育预后有着密切关系。该文总结近年围生期治疗对新生儿神经发育影响的最新研究进展,为临床决策提供参考。     

Mammary gland sympathetic innervation is a major component in type 1 deiodinase regulation

Recent observations have shown that in lactating rats previously deprived of suckling, either suckling stimulus or ip injection of norepinephrine was capable of increasing mammary deiodinase type 1 (M-D1) mRNA content and enzyme activity. In the present work, we show that intact efferent sympathetic mammary innervation is required to restore both mammary D1 mRNA content and enzyme activity, whereas suckling-induced secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal glands does not seem to participate in M-D1 enzyme regulation. The data also indicate that the sympathetic reflex activation in response to suckling involves two complementary autonomic components: (1) activation, presumably through mammary segmental arrangement affecting neighboring mammary glands; and (2) an individual reflex regulatory mechanism capable of maintaining M-D1 activity within each mammary gland. In addition to these findings, we show that the suckling-induced sympathetic activation of M-D1 activity could be blocked by prior activation of ductal mechanoreceptors. This set of regulatory and counterregulatory mechanisms seems to ensure the optimal control of mammary energetic expenditure according to litter size.     

A comparison of spontaneous and CSF added CFU-MG colony formation in healthy,sick and hypotrophic pre-term infants

Summary Myelopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-MG) have been studied from peripheral blood of healthy, sick, and hypotrophic pre-term infants. Methylcellulose cultures were prepared simultaneously with and without exogenous colony stimulating factor. It was found that large numbers of circulating CFU-M are present at birth in healthy infants, smaller numbers in sick infants, and very few in hypotrophic infants. Exogenous CSF increases the number of colonies in cultures of healthy infants at birth. A limiting factor in spontaneous colony formation is the production of CSF by the cells in culture. This is particularly evident in sick infants. During the postnatal course similar levels of circulating CFUc, higher than in adult blood, are found in all three groups of pre-term infants.Supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Pr 75/8) and from the Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst     

Transcatheter closure of a very large patent ductus arteriosus in a pregnant woman at 22 weeks of gestation.

Successful transcatheter closure of a large PDA in a pregnant patient is reported using the Amplatzer ductal occluder device. This procedure was safe and uncomplicated, obviating the need for surgery in this high risk patient.