带翼型髋臼加强杯在重建髋臼肿瘤切除后骨缺损中的应用

目的探讨带翼型髋臼加强杯在重建髋臼肿瘤切除后骨缺损中的应用。方法 2003年6月-2009年12月,对25例髋臼肿瘤切除后HarringtonⅢ型骨缺损患者行带翼型髋臼加强杯联合人工全髋关节置换重建术。男13例,女12例;年龄13～73岁,平均51.2岁。患者主要临床症状为患侧髋部及臀部疼痛;病程1～96个月,中位病程6个月。转移瘤18例,多发性骨髓瘤3例,非何杰金淋巴瘤、Ⅰ级软骨肉瘤、骨巨细胞瘤、软骨母细胞瘤各1例。1例软骨母细胞瘤患者联合应用RIBBED人工全髋关节(LINK公司,德国),6例应用国产春利正达骨水泥型人工全髋关节,其余患者均应用SPⅡ人工全髋关节(LINK公司,德国)。结果围手术期无死亡患者,发生深部感染1例、髋关节假体脱位2例。转移瘤患者中,8例死于肿瘤进展,平均生存11个月;10例患者生存,平均随访时间15个月。1例多发性骨髓瘤患者术后21个月死于肺部感染;其余多发性骨髓瘤及非何杰金淋巴瘤患者均生存,平均随访时间17个月。软骨母细胞瘤与软骨肉瘤患者分别随访58个月及12个月,无肿瘤局部复发。骨巨细胞瘤患者术后19个月肿瘤复发。3例患者因肿瘤复发导致髋臼内植物松动,其余患者均未出现内植物失败。23例患者术后6个月关节功能行美国骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS 93)功能评分系统评分,为57%～93%,平均81%。结论采用带翼型髋臼加强杯重建HarringtonⅢ型髋臼骨缺损,联合人工全髋关节置换,术后并发症发生率低,重建关节功能较好。     

周围神经束间瘤变组织显微切除治疗周围神经脂肪纤维瘤

目的 探讨周围神经脂肪纤维瘤的诊治方法.方法 2005年1月至2010年7月,收治周围神经脂肪纤维瘤患者5例,其中单纯正中神经瘤变3例、正中神经合并尺神经瘤变2例、合并巨指1例,采用周围神经松解、瘤段切除、周围神经束间瘤变组织显微切除等手术治疗.结果 术后随访7～24个月,行瘤段病变切除1例术后出现神经支配区感觉缺失;行周围神经松解2例,术后手指麻木症状消失;行周围神经束间显微切除2例,无明显神经支配区感觉缺失.结论 通过CT、MRI、手术观察以及术后肿瘤病理检查可明确诊断周围神经脂肪纤维瘤,但目前治疗手段有限,周围神经束间瘤变组织显微切除是一种在最大限度保存神经功能的前提下可切除较多瘤变组织的治疗方法.     

Survival trends and predictors of mortality in severe pelvic trauma: estimates from the German Pelvic Trauma Registry Initiative

Study objective

To determine longitudinal trends in mortality, and the contribution of specific injury characteristics and treatment modalities to the risk of a fatal outcome after severe and complex pelvic trauma.

Methods

We studied 5048 patients with pelvic ring fractures enrolled in the German Pelvic Trauma Registry Initiative between 1991 and 1993, 1998 and 2000, and 2004 and 2006. Complete datasets were available for 5014 cases, including 508 complex injuries, defined as unstable fractures with severe peri-pelvic soft tissue and organ laceration. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the impact of demographic, injury- and treatment-associated variables on all-cause in-hospital mortality.

Results

All-cause in-hospital mortality declined from 8% (39/466) in 1991 to 5% (33/638) in 2006. Controlling for age, Injury Severity Score, pelvic vessel injury, the need for emergency laparotomy, and application of a pelvic clamp, the odds ratio (OR) per annum was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–0.96). However, the risk of death did not decrease significantly in patients with complex injuries (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93–1.03). Raw mortality associated with this type of injury was 18% (95% CI 9–32%) in 2006.

Conclusion

In contrast to an overall decline in trauma mortality, complex pelvic ring injuries remain associated with a significant risk of death. Awareness of this potentially life-threatening condition should be increased amongst trauma care professionals, and early management protocols need to be implemented to improve the survival prognosis.     

骶髂关节空心钉内固定导向器的研制及临床应用

目的 自行设计并研制一种骶骼关节空心钉内固定导向器,以期提高S1椎弓根空心钉置入的成功率及置入质量。方法 自行设计并研制的骶髂关节空心钉内固定导向器由带有测量长度的定位器、带有角度刻度表的水平面S1椎弓根空心钉置入角（TSA）、矢状面置入角(SSA)调节器及固定螺丝等组成。2006年6月至2009年10月共收治15例不稳定型骨盆骨折累及骶髂关节者,男6例,女9例;年龄19 ～ 60岁,平均45.6岁。不稳定型骨盆骨折经骶髂关节韧带3例,经骶骨Ⅰ区5例,累及骶骨Ⅱ区5例,累及骶骨Ⅲ区2例。15例患者均采用骶髂关节空心钉内固定导向器引导术中空心钉的操作,共置入18枚空心钉。结果 术后CT及X线片示18枚空心钉置入位置准确,与术前设计相比,具有相同或相近的TSA及SSA。结论 骶骼关节空心钉内固定导向器设计合理,使用方便,能提高S1椎弓根空心钉置入的准确性及置入质量,且可显著减少C型臂X线机的透视次数。     

锂剂促进周围神经损伤修复的初步研究

目的 探讨锂剂对周围神经损伤后神经再生的影响.方法 取48只雌性SD大鼠,制作大鼠右侧坐骨神经损伤动物模型,通过腹腔注射氯化锂,在不同时间点观察动物下肢活动情况,检测小腿三头肌神经电生理及肌湿重,并对损伤远端神经纤维的神经丝蛋白(NF200)、单核巨噬细胞抗原(ED1)、P-75和运动终板进行免疫组织化学染色观察.结果 损伤后4周,实验组动物下肢已接近正常行走步态,对照组右侧肢体仍明显跛行;损伤后2周和4周,实验组的复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅较对照组明显增大,两组间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);损伤后4周、8周,实验组的小腿三头肌重量较对照组明显增大,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);损伤后3 d,在距离损伤远端5 mm处,实验组坐骨神经纤维内NF200呈连续丝状染色,而对照组仍然是颗粒状染色;损伤后4周,在神经肌肉接头处,可观察到实验组肌肉运动终板有新生神经纤维支配,而对照组运动终板上无神经纤维支配,两组ED1及P75染色未见明显差别.结论 锂剂可有效促进周围神经损伤后的再生,但其机制仍需进一步研究.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of lithium on nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.Methods Sciatic nerve crash injury model was created on the right side of 48 female SD rats.Lithium was administered after the injury by intraperitoneal injection.Locomotion of the lower limbs, electromyography and wet muscle weight of the triceps muscles were measured at different time points after the injury.Changes of NF200, ED1, P-75 and motor end plate at the distal part of the injured nerve were detected by immunohistostaining.Results Four weeks after sciatic nerve crash injury, animals that received lithium injection restored near normal gait, whereas the control animals were limping.Two and four weeks after the injury, the lithium injection group had significantly higher CMAP amplitude than the control group.Four and eight weeks after the injury, the wet muscle weight in lithium injection group was significantly heavier than the control group.Three days after crush injury, continuous NF200 positive fibers were found 5 mm distal to the injury site in the lithium injection group, whereas in the control group, only granular NF200 positive staining was observed Four weeks after crush injury, new innervations to the motor end plate were detected in the neuromuscular junction in the lithium injection group, but not in the control group.No differences in ED1 and P75 staining were detected.Conclusion Lithium could significantly promote axon regeneration after peripheral nerve crush injury.Its mechanism is subject to further investigation.     

阻断部分臂丛神经下干分支对健侧颈7移位下干后神经再生的影响

目的 以大鼠健侧颈7直接修复臂丛神经下干为模型,探讨阻断下干分支前后,尺神经和正中神经神经纤维数量和质量的变化.方法 雌性SD大鼠40只,随机分成4组.A组:健侧颈7直接修复下干,并从下干发出处阻断下干后股、胸前内侧神经、前臂内侧皮神经;B组:健侧颈7直接修复下干,并从下干发出处以远1 cm处阻断下干后股、胸前内侧神经、前臂内侧皮神经;C组:健侧颈7直接修复下干,并从下干发出处切断后股;D组:对照组.术后比较尺神经、正中神经、胸前内侧神经和前臂内侧皮神经的神经纤维数量、神经纤维密度(p)、神经纤维数占下干神经纤维总数百分比、神经纤维直径、有髓神经纤维面积与相应分支神经总面积比(N Ratio).结果 尺神经和正中神经中,神经纤维数量、神经纤维密度、正中神经与尺神经分别占下干神经纤维百分比、神经纤维直径、不同直径神经纤维百分比、N Ratio,A、B、C三组间差异均无统计学意义.前臂内侧皮神经和胸前内侧神经中,上述各检测指标B、C组间均无明显差异.结论 健侧颈7直接移位下干后,在根部及根部以远1 cm处阻断胸前内侧神经及前臂内侧皮神经后,对尺神经、正中神经、前臂内侧皮神经残端和胸前内侧神经残端中神经纤维的数量和质量无明显影响.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the changes of the nerve fibers from median and ulnar nerves after cutting the branches of lower trunk which was repaired by the contralateral C7.Methods Forty female SD rats were divided into A, B, C and D groups randomly.In group A,the contralateral C7 root was transferred to lower trunk directly, and the posterior division of lower trunk, medial anterior thoracic nerve and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve were severed at the beginning of them;In group B, the contralateral C7 root was trarsferred to lower trunk directly, and the posterior division of lower trunk, medial anterior thoracic nerve and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve were severed at the point which was 1 cm away from the beginning of above branches;In group C, the contralateral C7 root was transferred to lower trunk directly, and the posterior division of lower trunk was severed at the beginning of it;In group D, control group.After the operation, myelinated fiber count, nerve fiber density, the percentage of the number of nerve fiber from branch accounting for that from lower trunk, nerve fiber diameter,the percentage of nerve fibers with different diameters and N Ratio were carried out to evaluate the outcome of each group.Results Myelinated fiber count, nerve fiber density, the percentage of the number of nerve fiber from branch accounting for that from lower trunk, nerve fiber diameter,the percentage of nerve fibers with different diameters and N Ratio in ulnar and median nerve, there were no difference between group A, group B and group C ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion After the medial anterior thoracic nerve and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, repaired by the contralateral C7, were severed at the beginning and at the point which was 1 cm away from the beginning of above branches, the changes of the quantity and quality of the nerve fibers from median and ulnar nerves were not significant.     

腹盆生殖细胞瘤的MRI、CT表现

目的：研究腹盆生殖细胞瘤ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ表现。方法：本组８例经病理证实腹盆生殖细胞瘤,均为男性,年龄２１～４８岁,平均年龄３０．０岁。ＭＲＩ检查５例,ＣＴ检查３例。结果：肿瘤位于腹膜后４例,盆间隙４例。肿瘤直径８～２０ｃｍ,４例直径＜１０ｃｍ,４例直径＞１０ｃｍ。圆形、椭圆形３例,不规则状５例。位于腹膜后呈不规则状,内部见囊变及钙化,侵犯周围组织;位于盆内呈境界清之肿块,以推移周围器官改变为主。ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ不易鉴别原发或继发病变。结论：腹盆内生殖细胞瘤在腹膜后和盆间隙表现不同,原发或继发病变表现相似。     

空心钉经皮微创内固定技术治疗骨盆环损伤的疗效评价

目的：评价经皮微创空心钉固定骨盆环损伤的安全性及可靠性。方法：对48例不稳定骨盆环损伤患者，分别行闭合复位、经皮微创空心钉内固定术。按Tile分型：B1型4例，B2．1型8例，B2．2型10例，B3型4例，C1型11例，C2型7例，C3型4例。39例前后环损伤均固定，4例仅固定前环损伤，5例仅固定后环损伤。以术前骨盆的三位x线片（前后位、入口位及出口位）及CT片判断骨盆的稳定性及移位情况，术后以x线片及CT片评估复位情况及螺钉位置准确性。结果：手术时间15～95min，平均55min。术中出血量15～150ml，平均60ml，术中及术后无输血。48例患者共植入空心钉157枚，每人2～8枚，平均3．3枚。术后行骨盆CT检查42例（共植入135枚空心钉），发现123枚空心钉位置准确，占91．11％；7枚空心钉因偏向或超长而侵入盆腔或髋臼（但均〈0．5em）；5枚位置偏差干扰骶管或骶孔，但均未引起任何症状。随访8～49个月，平均13个月，45例患者骨盆环移位复位满意，所有骨折均Ⅰ期愈合。40例恢复原工作，4例末次随访时尚处康复期，其余4例因坐骨神经损伤或下肢截肢而不再工作。参照Lindahl改良的骨盆损伤后功能评定标准，优35例，良10例，可3例，平均得分78.7分。结论：在对骨盆环及其毗邻血管神经的解剖结构熟练掌握的基础上，结合良好的透视引导，闭合复位经皮微创空心钉内固定治疗不稳定骨盆环损伤安全可行，疗效满意。     

Intraoperative radiotherapy for oncological and function-preserving surgery in patients with advanced lower rectal cancer

Backgrounds Pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP) with lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) has been introduced in rectal cancer surgery in Japan; however, its indication has not been standardized yet. Materials and methods Forty-four patients with advanced lower rectal cancer were randomized to either the standard treatment group (control group) or the intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) group. All patients underwent potentially curative resection of the rectum with total mesorectal excision. The control group underwent bilateral LLND and limited PANP. The IORT group underwent bilateral LLND, complete PANP, and IORT. Patients allocated to the IORT group received IORT to the bilateral preserved pelvic nerve plexuses. Patients’ clinicopathologic parameters, postoperative complications, voiding function, and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results Among 44 patients enrolled, three patients were excluded from the analysis, resulting in 19 patients in the IORT group and 22 patients in the control group. Patients’ demographic and pathological parameters and postoperative complications were well balanced between the two groups. Oncological outcomes including overall and disease-free survival were also similar. Local recurrence was observed in one patient in each group. Among the 34 patients not complicated with intrapelvic abscess, the mean duration of urinary catheter indwelling was 8 days in the IORT group and 13 days in the control group (p = 0.055). In the long term, medication for urination was necessitated in four patients in the control group, whereas in none in the IORT group (p = 0.059). Discussions Oncological outcomes in the IORT group are equal to those in the control group, and voiding functions in the IORT group are superior to those in the control group. These results suggest that IORT may be useful to expand the indication of complete PANP with LLND for advanced lower rectal cancer.     

Differences in morphology and contractility of the bulbospongiosus and pubococcygeus muscles in nulliparous and multiparous rabbits

In women, birth trauma can result in altered anatomy of supporting structures of the pelvic floor and in the development of urinary incontinence. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between parturition and the morphology and function of perineal and pelvic muscles in the female rabbit. In ten nulliparous and ten multiparous same-age females, we investigated morphological, histological (n = 5 females/group), and contractile characteristics (n = 5 females/group) of the perineal bulbospongiosus (Bsm) and the pelvic pubococcygeus (Pcm) muscles. Bsm and Pcm muscles of multiparous females were significantly lighter, they had a smaller cross-sectional fiber area, and developed significantly lower twitch and tetanic tension force in response to electrical stimulation than muscles of nulliparous females. In female rabbits, multiparity is associated with potentially pathological changes in the morphological and functional characteristics of these perineal and pelvic muscles, possibly as a result of stretching during parturition.