Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的生物力学分析

目的　测试Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的生物力学特性 ,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法　采集新鲜牛尸体膝关节标本 6具 ,制成髌骨骨折模型 ,用Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带固定 ,并与克氏针张力带、单纯钢丝环扎进行对照比较。结果　Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带内固定完全符合髌骨的生物力学性能 ,与克氏针张力带相当 ,能满足膝关节的强度 ,符合人体正常生理功能要求。结论　Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带固定治疗髌骨骨折 ,具有优越的生物力学性能 ,且能达到解剖复位 ,操作简便 ,固定牢固 ,适应早期功能锻炼的目的     

Factors affecting range of flexion after total knee arthroplasty

Many factors affect postoperative range of flexion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to identify the most important factors that affect range of knee flexion after TKA. Sixty-five patients (73 knees) were treated with Genesis II knee replacements. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Patient demographics (sex, age, body mass index, previous surgery, component type, patella resurfacing, preoperative Knee Society score preoperative range of motion) and radiographic measurements (preoperative tibiofemoral varus/valgus angle, height of the joint line, length of the patellar tendon, shift and tilt angle of the patella) were analyzed statistically. Among these factors, preoperative range of flexion, positively, and preoperative varus/valgus tibiofemoral angle, negatively, affected postoperative range of flexion. The tilt angle of the patella and the tilt angle of the patellar button approached statistical significance in revealing a negative relation with postoperative range of flexion. TKAs in which the patella was not resurfaced tended to lose range of flexion, whereas TKAs in which the patella was resurfaced tended to have no loss of flexion, although the number of TKAs in which the patella was not resurfaced was small. In conclusion, preoperative range of flexion and preoperative varus/valgus tibiofemoral angle affected postoperative range of flexion. The tilt angle of the patella and tilt angle of the patellar button may be factors that affect postoperative range of flexion. Received: September 28, 2000 / Accepted: January 9, 2001     

An open label pilot investigation of the efficacy of Botulinum toxin type A [Dysport] injection in the rehabilitation of chronic anterior knee pain

Purpose. To examine the effect of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A [Dysport®] to reduce relative overactivity of the vastus lateralis [VL] muscle, in conjunction with re-training of vastus medialis [VM] muscle as an adjunct to rehabilitation for chronic anterior knee pain.

Method. Eight females with chronic (>6 months) history of anterior knee pain, who had failed conservative management, were studied in this open label pilot study. Intramuscular Dysport® injection [300 – 500 units] to the distal third of VL muscle was followed by a 12-week customized home exercise programme to improve recruitment of VM muscle and functional knee control. VL and VM muscle cross sectional area from a standardized spiral CT sequence, isometric quadriceps strength (dynamometry), timed stair task, self-reported pain and disability were assessed.

Results. Subjects reported reduced knee pain and brace dependency and increased participation in sporting and daily living activities. Isometric quadriceps muscle strength was maintained or improved despite significant atrophy, evident on CT, of the distal component of VL in the treated limb. Time taken to ascend and descend a flight of stairs improved in all subjects. Subjective and objective improvements were maintained at 24-week follow-up.

Conclusions. These pilot data provide preliminary support for the role of Dysport® as an adjunct to non-surgical management of individuals with chronic anterior knee pain. Larger double blind, randomized, placebo-injection controlled studies of this novel approach to improving patellofemoral mechanics are needed to establish the efficacy of this intervention.     

股骨胫骨髌骨三体人膝关节咬合运动数学模型

基于人膝关节的解剖特征，在文献［３］的基础上，引入了股骨髌骨关节，从而建立了一个完整的人膝关节在矢状面内运动的咬合数学模型。该模型包含了运动膝关节股骨与胫骨间及股骨与髌骨间的咬合滚动和咬合滑动。此模型可用来建立人腿的生物动力模型     

改良术式综合治疗陈旧性髌骨骨折

目的探讨陈旧性髌骨骨折的治疗方法。方法对11例陈旧性髌骨骨折进行回顾性总结,采用保留髌骨,切开复位,松解粘连,改良张力带钢丝或/和聚髌器坚强的内固定,术后配合CPM机康复锻炼。结果11例全部随访,随访0.5～4.5年,根据胥少汀等制定的评定标准,优4例,良5例,优良率81.8%。结论不做髌骨切除,松解粘连、良好的对位,坚强的内固定,早期配合应用CPM机进行功能锻炼,可取得满意的疗效。     

关节镜在膝关节及周围骨折中的应用

目的评价关节镜在膝关节及周围骨折中的应用价值。方法2000年9月- 2005年12月,46例膝关节及周围骨折患者采用关节镜下手术,其中36例顺利行镜下手术,10例术中增加小切口下手术。本组镜下手术患者中,男24例,女12例；年龄18～52岁,平均30．5岁。髌骨骨折(均为横形骨折及纵形骨折)26例,股骨远段骨折4例,胫骨平台及髁间嵴骨折6例,均在关节镜下微创手术。髌骨骨折采用克氏针或空心螺钉+张力带钢丝固定；股骨远段骨折采用逆行髓内钉固定；胫骨平台骨折采用空心螺钉固定；胫骨髁间嵴骨折采用穿钢丝或空心螺钉固定。结果本组平均住院日8d,随访3个月～3年,平均14个月,全部骨性愈合。膝关节伸屈功能正常32例,4例术后屈曲轻度受限,平均减小15°,膝上10cm大腿周长平均比健侧缩小1．1cm(0．6～2．0cm),2例膝关节术后轻度疼痛。髌骨骨折、胫骨平台及髁间嵴骨折采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分,为(86．5+7．6)分。结论关节镜应用于膝关节及周围骨折能起到良好监护作用,可减少手术创伤和并发症,有效内固定,使患者早期下地活动。     

部队战士髌骨软骨软化症与髌骨异常改变相关性调查

目的探讨部队战士髌骨软骨软化症发生与髌骨异常改变的关系。方法选取2005-2008年正常参加部队训练且确诊为髌骨软骨软化症战士50名(观察组)和正常战士50名(对照组),均X线摄髌骨轴位片,测量6个参数并进行对照。结果观察组患者外侧髌股角、髌骨倾斜角、髌股关节指数及适应角与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论部队战士中髌骨异常改变易致髌骨软骨软化症,也是髌骨软骨软化症的发展结果。     

张力带钢丝结合记忆合金髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨张力带钢丝结合记忆合金髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法 2009年2月—2012年2月,该院采用张力带钢丝结合记忆合金髌骨爪治疗的48例髌骨粉碎性骨折患者,其中男33例,女15例,术后对所有患者进行随访,观察骨折愈合情况及膝关节功能恢复情况。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间为10~24个月,平均17个月,所有患者骨折均愈合,根据膝关节活动评价标准,术后优良率为97.9%。结论采用张力带钢丝结合记忆合金髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折,不仅能够固定和复位粉碎性骨折,而且能防止骨折移位,骨折愈合率高,并发症少,有利于膝关节功能恢复。     

Congenital dislocation of the patella

Purpose Congenital dislocation of the patella is permanent and manually irreducible, and it manifests immediately after birth with flexion contracture of the knee, genu valgus, external tibial torsion and foot deformity. We retrospectively reviewed the results of operative treatment of seven knees in six patients with congenital dislocation of the patella. Methods The age of the six patients at diagnosis ranged from 8 days to 3.6 years, with an average of 1.3 years, and their age at the time of operation ranged from 0.6 to 3.9 years, with an average of 2.1 years. Serial casting and/or a brace was attempted before surgery in five of seven knees, leading to improvement in the flexion contracture of the knee. All knees were treated operatively in combination with lateral release, medial plication, V-Y lengthening of the quadriceps, medial transfer of the lateral patellar tendon and posterior release of the knee. Results Although these deformities were noticed at birth in all seven knees, diagnosis was delayed in three knees due to the low suspicion of the disease and invisible patellae on radiographs. Ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis of dislocation. The patella was centered in the groove of the femoral condyle after surgery in all knees, but subluxation of the knee with flexion was observed in one knee in which the operation was performed at 3.9 years. Genu valgus and external tibial torsion improved after surgery in all knees. The operated knee was mobile in all cases, with less than 10° flexion contracture of the knee. Flexion contracture did not increase in any of the knees. Conclusion Congenital dislocation of the patella should be suspected in every patient with knee flexion contracture, genu valgus, external tibial torsion, foot deformity and delayed walking. Successful results were obtained when the operation was performed in younger children. Other procedures, such as the semitendinosus tenodesis or tendon transfer, might have to be combined to achieve better stability with flexion in older children. None of the authors received financial support for this study.     

中药熏洗加针刺治疗髌骨软骨软化症97例

目的观察中药熏洗及针剌治疗髌骨软骨软化症的，临床疗效。方法采用中药熏洗及针刺治疗两周。结果97例中，治愈63例，占64．9％；好转28例，占28．9％，未愈6例，占6．2％，有效率93．8％。结论中药熏洗及针刺治疗髌骨软骨软化症临床疗效满意.