Evaluation of the anti-myocardial ischemia effect of individual and combined extracts of Panax notoginseng and Carthamus tinctorius in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The decoction of combined Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen and Carthamus tinctorius L. has a history of use in traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.

Aim of the study

In this study, we investigated the effects of individual herbal extracts and combined extracts on anti-myocardial ischemia injuries in vivo, and determined the proper dosage of Panax notoginseng (EPN) combined with Carthamus tinctorius (ECT) that could strengthen their cardio-protective effects. Meanwhile, their potential anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation effect were assessed.

Material and Methods

SD rats were orally given individual EPN 50, 100 mg/kg, ECT 100, 200 mg/kg, and different combinations between them. Myocardial infarction was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 24 h. Infarct area was determined with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The biomarkers related to myocardial ischemia injury were determined. Simultaneously, hemodynamic parameters were monitored as left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximal rate of increase and decrease of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt_max). The oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors were also evaluated.

Results

The results showed EPN or ECT significantly reduced infarct size, improved cardiac function, decreased levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (all P<0.05 vs. control ). EPN or ECT alone also restrained the oxidative stress related to myocardial ischemia injury as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (all P<0.05 vs. control). However, this cardio-protective effect was further strengthened by their combinations. Among all the combinations, EPN 50 mg/kg plus ECT 200 mg/kg showed predominant potential to reduce infarct size (22.21±1.72%, P<0.05 vs. each single, respectively), preserve cardiac function (P<0.05 vs. ECT 200 mg/kg for LVEDP and −dP/dt_max) after myocardial ischemia injury in rats. This heart protection was confirmed with the lowered cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (P<0.05 vs. ECT 200 mg/kg and EPN 50 mg/kg, respectively). Oxidative stress and inflammation are the two key factors in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia injury. In the present study, EPN 50 mg/kg plus ECT 200 mg/kg markedly increased SOD and GSH-Px activity (475.30±23.60 U/ml, P<0.05 vs. each single, respectively), while elevated MDA level was significantly depressed. Meanwhile, the inflammatory cascade was inhibited as evidenced by decreased cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β).

Conclusion

These results demonstrated EPN, ECT and their combinations exhibited significant cardio-protective effects. The findings suggest EPN combined with ECT may be therapeutically more useful for ameliorating anti-myocardial ischemia injuries than individual herbal extract, and EPN 50 mg/kg plus ECT 200 mg/kg is the appropriate combination in the present research. The cardio-protective effect of this combination was achieved partially by decreasing oxidative stress and repressing inflammatory cascade.     

HPLC测定农田土、腐殖土西洋参皂苷含量及对比与分析

目的: 以西洋参皂苷为指标,比较2种土壤环境种植西洋参皂苷的含量。方法: 采用药典方法提取西洋参皂苷,用紫外分光光度计测定总皂苷含量,HPLC测定8种单体皂苷的含量。结果: 2种土壤环境种植西洋参的总皂苷含量均>6%,腐殖土西洋参单体皂苷含量高于农田土西洋参单体皂苷含量。结论: 2种土壤西洋参总皂苷含量无明显差异;各单体皂苷中腐殖土西洋参Rc,Re含量略高于农田土西洋参。     

HPLC同时测定骨愈注射液中三七总皂苷和淫羊藿苷含量

目的:建立骨愈注射液中三七总皂苷和淫羊藿苷的含量测定方法.方法:Diamonsil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,3.5 μm),流动相乙腈-水,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 mL· min-1,检测波长203 nm,柱温25℃.结果:淫羊藿苷线性范围1.06～10.60 μg,平均回收率为100.2％,RSD 1.54％,三七皂苷R1线性范围0.42 ～ 4.20 μg,平均回收率100.6％,RSD1.89％,人参皂苷Rg1线性范围1.90～18.97 μg,平均回收率99.9％,RSD 1.09％,人参皂苷Re线性范围0.18 ～1.78 μg,平均回收率100.8％,RSD 1.96％,人参皂苷Rb1线性范围2.23 ～ 22.34 μg,平均回收率101.4％,RSD 1.83％,人参皂苷Rd线性范围0.45～4.53 μg,平均回收率101.2％,RSD 2.37％.结论:方法准确可靠,适用于同时测定骨愈注射液中三七总皂苷和淫羊藿苷含量.     

三七总皂甙降低兔肺缺血再灌注损伤和抑制细胞凋亡

 目的: 探讨细胞凋亡与肺缺血再灌注损伤的关系以及三七总皂甙的作用及机制。方法: 健康日本大耳白兔84只,随机分为对照组、肺缺血再灌注1、3、5h组和相应三七总皂甙干预组。复制肺缺血再灌注损伤模型。用原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳观测肺组织细胞凋亡,原位杂交技术检测肺组织细胞Fas/FasL系统和Caspase-3基因表达。结果: 肺缺血再灌注组肺组织细胞凋亡指数(肺缺血再灌注5h组:22.08±1.93;对照组:2.04±0.67)、Fas/FasL和Caspase-3基因表达(肺缺血再灌注5h组:0.241±0.029;对照组:0.121±0.015)均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),并出现电泳梯形条带结构;三七总皂甙干预组Fas/FasL mRNA及其Caspase-3的表达(三七总皂甙干预5h组:0.199±0.020;肺缺血再灌注5h组:0.241±0.029)显著低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01),肺组织细胞凋亡指数(三七总皂甙干预5h组:12.58±1.82;肺缺血再灌注5h组:22.08±1.93)也显著低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01),梯形条带结构基本消失。肺组织细胞凋亡指数分别与Caspase-3 mRNA及Fas/FasL mRNA之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论:三七总皂甙可能通过抑制Fas/FasL系统的激活,阻遏肺组织细胞凋亡,从而减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

三七、绞股蓝对实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔血管重构的影响

目的：观察三七、绞股蓝不同配比对动脉粥样硬化模型家兔血管重构的影响,并从基因水平探讨其作用机制。方法：42只新西兰兔随机分为6组（三七绞股蓝饮片1：3组、三七绞股蓝饮片2-2组、三七绞股蓝饮片3：1组、阳性药物组、正常对照组与模型组）并予相应处理,12w后检测血清脂质水平,观察主动脉病理学变化,实时荧光PCR检测主动脉壁基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-1）、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1（TIMP-1）表达水平。结果：（1）高脂模型组的TC、TG、LDL—C均明显高于正常组（P〈0．01）,三七：绞股蓝1：3组、3：1组的TC明显低于高脂模型组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,三七绞股蓝饮片不同配比各组的TG明显低于高脂模型组（P〈0．01）;（2）各药物组的主动脉病理形态学变化与高脂模型组比较有明显差异（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;（3）与正常对照组比较,高脂模型组的主动脉组织MMP-1mRNA的表达明显增强,TIMP-1mRNA的表达明显减弱;（4）与高脂模型组比较,三七绞股蓝饮片不同配比各组的MMP-1mRNA表达量水平均降低,TIMP-1mRNA的表达均增加。结论：三七绞股蓝配伍可降低血脂水平,改善模型动物主动脉病理形态学变化,调节MMP-1／TIMP-1mRNA的表达,具有抗动脉粥样硬化血管重构的作用,下调主动脉组织MMP-1mRNA的表达,上调TIMP-1mRNA的表达可能是其作用机制之一。     

西洋参茎叶皂苷对局灶性脑缺血后大鼠血清中GFAP表达的影响

目的:观察西洋参茎叶皂苷对脑缺血大鼠血清中GFAP蛋白的影响,并进一步探讨其作用机制。方法:用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,采用酶联免疫法检测西洋参茎叶皂苷(PQS)对大鼠血清中GFAP蛋白表达的影响。结果:PQS能改善神经功能缺损的症状,降低血液中GFAP蛋白的表达情况。结论:西洋参茎叶皂苷对实验动物脑缺血组织具有保护作用,其作用机理可能与星形胶质细胞的内源性保护作用有关。     

白及三七混剂对门脉高压性胃病大鼠模型血小板功能的影响

目的观察白及三七混剂对门脉高压性胃病（PHG）大鼠模型血小板功能的影响。方法 SD大鼠40只,根据随机数字表分为假手术组、模型组、白及三七混剂组和云南白药组,每组10只,分别采用相应的造模及治疗,采取血样进行血浆中血小板4因子（PF4）和可溶性P-选择素（SPS）的酶联免疫法定量测定。结果白及三七混剂组与云南白药组大鼠血浆中PF4和SPS的含量明显升高（P﹤0.01）;但两组在升高PF4和SPS的含量无明显差异。结论白及三七混剂可明显升高PHG大鼠血浆中PF4和SPS的含量,说明该药能够提高血小板活化功能,改善PHG时血小板凝血功能。     

微波消解-ICP-MS法测定丹参和三七药材中18种重金属元素

目的使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)仪,建立丹参和三七药材中V,Mo,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Ru,Rh,Pd,Cd,Os,Ir,Pt,Pb和Hg共18种重金属元素的测定方法。方法样品经微波消解处理后,以Ge,In,Bi为内标,用ICP-MS进行测定。结果各元素线性关系良好(相关系数r>0.9995),方法检出限0.07～6.91 ng/g,回收率在89.79%～116.67%之间。结论该方法准确、简便、快速、灵敏,可为中药材中重金属元素的检测与控制提供方法参考。     

三七总皂苷对脑出血患者神经功能及血清C3水平的影响

目的观察三七总皂苷对急性期脑出血患者神经功能及血清补体C3的影响。方法 52例脑出血患者随机分为对照组24例和治疗组28例,均给予调控血压、血糖、颅内压等基础治疗。治疗组加用三七总皂苷250 mg,每日1次静脉滴注,疗程14 d。观察发病第1、15、28天神经功能评分,测定发病1、2、3、4、5、6、7 d的补体C3含量。结果第28天时治疗组神经功能评分较对照组明显降低(P<0.05);第4天开始C3水平较对照组下降(P<0.05)。结论三七总皂苷能促进脑出血患者神经功能恢复,并可抑制补体C3持续升高。     

西洋参冠瘿组织培养条件对红景天苷生物合成的影响

 目的 利用现代生物技术方法生物合成红景天苷,探索提高红景天苷含量的生物转化最佳条件,为工业化大生产提供科学依据。方法 以转基因西洋参冠瘿组织为培养体系,生物转化底物酪醇;利用HPLC对转化产物红景天苷进行含量测定;考察不同培养条件对西洋参冠瘿组织生长量及其转化产物红景天苷的影响。结果 在摇床培养中西洋参冠瘿组织培养基为“MS+蔗糖”中红景天苷转化率达到49.50％;“1/2MS+蔗糖”培养基的转化率为49.98％;“MS+蔗糖+0.5 mg·L-1 VB₆”培养基的转化率达55.54％;此外,还利用生物反应器对西洋参冠瘿组织生物转化红景天苷进行了初步研究,转化率为33.42％。结论 本实验通过考察不同培养条件对西洋参冠瘿组织生物合成红景天苷的影响,提高了红景天苷的转化率,并在摇瓶培养的基础上,初步实现了生物反应器对西洋参冠瘿组织生物合成红景天苷的生产,从而为该产品的工业化生产提供科学资料。