IgE production in vitro by human blood mononuclear cells: a comparison between atopic and nonatopic subjects

In vitro IgE synthesis by blood mononuclear cells from atopic patients and nonatopic subjects was examined. A total of 1 X 10(6) mononuclear cells cultured in RPMI-1640 and 10% fetal calf serum with or without cycloheximide was found to be optimal to detect de novo synthesis. A modified Phadebas IgE paper radioimmunosorbent test was employed for the quantitation of supernatant IgE concentration. Kinetic studies indicated that about half the peak amount of IgE is secreted within the first 2 days and the maximum concentration is reached at day 7. Mononuclear cells obtained from six of six atopic patients with eczema and elevated serum IgE levels and 22/33 atopic patients without eczema spontaneously synthesized significant amounts of IgE in vitro. We failed to detect de novo IgE synthesis by the cells obtained from 40 nonatopic controls. Polyclonal activators such as pokeweed mitogen. Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, concanavalin A, and phytohemagglutinin failed to induce or enhance in vitro IgE synthesis in normal and atopic subjects. These findings indicate that the study of immunoregulation of IgE synthesis in man will be difficult to accomplish until new methods are developed that allow induction of the IgE response in vitro in nonatopic subjects.     

PHILIPS M3046A监护仪电源电路分析与故障维修

监护仪是医院必须配备的医疗设备,它主要的功能是监测病人的一些生理信息,包括血压、血氧饱和度、心率、体温等等。本文主要通过对本院PHILIPS M3046A监护仪电源板的电路分析与掌握,总结该电源板的故障维修。     

A membrane protein preferentially expressed by a subpopulation of immature lymphoid cells, epidermal basal keratinocytes, and other epithelial cells

A murine monoclonal antibody, designated EL-1, was raised by immunization with a human malignant T cell line. It reacted specifically with a membrane antigen expressed on T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines, a subpopulation of normal thymocytes and bone marrow lymphocytes, lymphocytes from a subset of patients with non-B, non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and epithelial stem cells. The latter reactivity was especially striking in the skin, where only basal epidermal keratinocytes and epidermal appendages, including eccrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles, stained positively. A human epidermoid carcinoma cell line was also stained by EL-1. Suprabasilar keratinocytes and acellular keratin did not stain. However, in vitro proliferating fetal lung fibroblasts stained positively. Membrane immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the antigen recognized by antibody EL-1 is a single protein of molecular weight 105 kilodaltons which did not change with exhaustive chemical reduction. Metabolic radiolabeling studies demonstrated that this protein is synthesized by the cell and not merely taken up from the culture medium. This antibody can be useful in studying keratinocyte differentiation in epidermal malignancies and normal skin.     

Induction of ornithine decarboxylase in mouse tissues following the injection of mitogenic substances: Enhancement by actinomycin D

Experiments were carried out to study the mechanism of the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in mouse tissues by the injection of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition to LPS, various mitogenic substances, such as concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, polyI: polyC and a phorbol diester, induced ODC in the liver and the spleen of mice at 4.5 hr after injection. Non-mitogenic immuno-stimulants or inflammatory agents, such as zymosan, carrageenan, $\text{N-}\text{acetylmuramyl-}\text{l}\text{-alanyl-}\text{d}\text{-isoglutamine}$, glycogen, d-galactosamine and interferon, did not induce the enzyme. ODC induction by LPS in C3H/HeJ mice, the lymphocytes and/or macrophages of which are known to be less responsive to LPS, was much less than in C3H/He and ddI mice. ODC induction by LPS was suppressed by dexamethasone and cycloheximide. Actinomycin D did not suppress ODC induction by LPS but, rather, enhanced it. These results suggest that (1) lymphocytes and/or macrophages may participate in the induction of ODC by mitogenic substances as well as by LPS, (2) ODC may be induced by mitogenic substances without the synthesis of RNA, and (3) the translation of existing RNA may be accelerated by actinomycin D.     

Immunohistological studies of the thymus in myasthenia gravis : Correlation with clinical state and thymocyte culture responses

In frozen sections of thymus from 9 out of 12 myasthenia gravis patients, the medulla contained follicles of B lymphocytes with germinal centres showing the same immunofluorescence staining pattern as is seen normally in reactive lymphoid tissues. Only 1 similar follicle was seen in 9 normal thymus samples. There was a positive association between the extent of germinal centres, plasma anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) titre, and spontaneous anti-AChR production by thymocytes in vitro. These thymic changes were not universally found, and are thus probably not central to the initiation of myasthenia.Between the follicles, in 9 cases, there was an apparent increase in interdigitating cells with closely associated ‘inducer’ (OKT₄⁺)T lymphocytes. Thymic antigen presenting cells — either here or in the germinal centres — could be involved in breaking self-tolerance, or in perpetuating the autoimmune response, and it may be their removal that is therapeutic.     

癌症病人外周血淋巴细胞亚群的数量与功能变化

用淋巴细胞单克隆抗体检测了23例癌症病人外周血淋巴细胞,并用PWM 和LPS研究了4例癌症病人的淋巴细胞功能.结果发现癌症病人血中OKT_4~+细胞显著少于正常人,Leu—7~+细胞多于正常人,OKT_(?)~+细胞和HI_(?)~+细胞与正常人差异不显著.癌症病人PWM 和LPS 诱导的淋巴细胞之间的协同作用低于正常人.提示癌症病人存在T 辅助细胞数量与功能的降低.     

PWM诱导的胎儿胸腺细胞钙动员

本文用钙离子荧光探针Ｆｌｕｏ－３和ＰＥ－ＣＤ３双标记的方法，通过流式细胞计测定ＰＷＭ对ＣＤ３表达量不同的胎儿胸腺细胞内游离钙浓度的影响。结果表明，ＰＷＭ能迅速诱导胸腺细胞并且主要是ＣＤ３＋细胞钙动员，７０ｍｉｎ后胞内钙基本降至基线水平；Ｈ７、ＣＰＺ和ＥＧＴＡ均能抑制ＰＷＭ诱导的钙动员。     

The activation of T cells with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC)

We reported our findings on the activation and functional capacity of human T cells stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC). Serial determinations of surface markers on T cells stimulated by SAC showed that OKT4+ T cells remained relatively constant with the decrease of OKT8+ T cells and that Tac antigen was predominantly expressed on OKT4+ T cells. When the mixture of OKT4+-depleted T cells and OKT8+-depleted PBL was stimulated with SAC or PWM, PWM-stimulated OKT4+-depleted T cells suppressed immunoglobulin production by OKT8+-depleted PBL in a dose-dependent fashion, but SAC-stimulated OKT4+-depleted T cells did not show suppressive activity.     

Blood transfusion-induced suppression of cellular immunity in man

The effect of planned blood transfusions on cell-mediated immunity was studied in previously nontransfused prospective kidney graft recipients. Following transfusion of washed erythrocytes a marked suppression of cellular immunity was found, indicated by reduced response to mitogenic (PHA, Con A, PWM) and antigenic stimulation (Ag-C containing PPD, tetanus toxoid, streptolysin, mumps, vaccinia antigen). A second transfusion led to a more pronounced and prolonged immunosuppression. No suppression was found when autologous blood was applied to volunteers. Preliminary results show autologous and allogeneic MLR suppression when mitomycin-C treated patient cells taken after transfusion are added. Our findings indicate that blood transfusion-induced suppression of cell-mediated immunity might be caused by an unspecific suppressor cell.     

Isolation of Ia-like antigen-bearing cells from human peripheral lymphocytes through the use of a monoclonal antibody to framework determinants of Ia-like antigens

A non-complement fixing monoclonal antibody (Q2/70) to framework determinants of human Ia-like antigens was used to develop a method for isolating Ia-like antigen bearing, i.e., Ia-like (+) cells and cells lacking these antigens, i.e. Ia-like (?), from human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The method was based on sensitization of PBL with the antibody Q2/70, followed by rosetting with sheep (ShE) coated with purified rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibodies, differential centrifugation on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient, and finally recovery of Ia-like (+) and Ia-like (?) cells from the bottom and the interface of the gradient respectively. Marker analysis of the two cell subpopulations showed that the majority of the bottom cell fraction were Ia-like (+) and carried B cell markers such as membrane bound immunoglobulins (MbIg) and C3 receptors. On the other hand, the majority of the interface cell fraction were Ia-like (?) and carried T cell markers such as receptors for 2-aminoethylisothiouronium treated sheep erythrocytes (AETShE) and goat erythrocytes (GoE). Serological and functional studies showed that the Ia-like (+) cells (1) were useful targets in complement mediated cytotoxicity assays for HLA-DR typing; (2) served as stimulator but not as responder in unidirectional mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs); (3) did not display lytic activity in natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); and (4) proliferated in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation in the presence of helper T cells. On the other hand, the Ia-like (?) cells (1) responded to but failed to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes in the MLRs; (2) were highly active in NK and ADCC assays; and (3) provided helper activity in PWM stimulation of purified B cells.