Direct Measurement of ATP7B Peptides Is Highly Effective in the Diagnosis of Wilson Disease

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let-7a调控自噬对缺氧状态下原发性肝癌HCCLM3细胞增殖的影响*

目的 探讨let-7a调控自噬对缺氧状态下原发性肝癌HCCLM3细胞增殖的影响。方法 将HCCLM3细胞分为常氧组、缺氧组和缺氧let-7a组,分别给予不同的处理。各组设6个平行孔,培养72 h。采用吖啶橙染液法测定HCCLM3细胞自噬率,采用MTT法检测HCCLM3细胞活力,使用流式细胞仪分析HCCLM3细胞周期G1,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定培养上清let-7a、细胞周期D1蛋白（cyc D1）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平。结果 缺氧let-7a组细胞存活率为（49.7±9.5）%,显著低于常氧组或缺氧组的（100.0±0.0）%或（119.1±13.1）%（P<0.05）,缺氧组细胞存活率显著高于常氧组（P<0.05）;缺氧let-7a组细胞周期G1期和细胞自噬率分别为（89.6±16.1）%和（49.3±7.4）%,显著高于常氧组或缺氧组的（56.3±11.0）%和（13.2±8.1）%或（69.7±14.1）%和（23.5±5.5）%（P<0.05）,缺氧组细胞周期G1期和自噬率显著高于常氧组（P<0.05）;缺氧let-7a组细胞let-7a蛋白水平为（96.1±9.3） μmol/L,显著高于常氧组或缺氧组的（33.4±7.1）μmol/L或（65.3±5.2）μmol/L（P<0.05）,cyc D1和VEGF水平分别为（72.3±8.8）μmol/L和（56.3±6.3）μmol/L,显著低于常氧组或缺氧组的（124.1±7.2）μmol/L和（114.1±5.2） μmol/L或（98.2±6.7） μmol/L和（85.2±8.1）μmol/L（P<0.05）,缺氧组let-7a蛋白显著低于常氧组（P<0.05）,cyc D1和VEGF显著高于常氧组（P<0.05）。结论 上调let-7a在肝癌HCCLM3细胞的表达能诱发细胞自噬,使得细胞在G1期往S期的分化过程发生障碍,抑制细胞在缺氧环境中的增殖,其机制可能与细胞CYC D1和VEGF表达下调有关。     

miR-570对胃癌细胞B7-H1蛋白表达的抑制作用

B7-H1是一种重要的负性共刺激分子,在肿瘤免疫逃逸中发挥重要作用,而微小RNA具有直接的转录后调控作用。本文研究miR-570对B7-H1表达的调控作用。首先将miR-570及其抑制剂anti-miR-570分别转染B7-H1表达阳性的人胃癌细胞SGC-7901和B7-H1表达阴性的人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-435,以流式细胞术检测B7-H1分子表达情况;然后构建pcDNA/B7-H1表达质粒与miR-570共转染CHO细胞,以流式细胞术检测CHO细胞上B7-H1分子的表达情况;最后分别构建含B7-H1基因3-UTR片段和含miR-570作用靶点序列的荧光素酶表达载体与miR-570共转染CHO细胞,用双荧光素酶报告系统检测荧光素酶活性。结果显示miR-570能显著抑制SGC-7901细胞和B7-H1基因转染细胞膜上B7-H1蛋白的表达,并能显著抑制荧光素酶表达载体表达的荧光素酶蛋白,而且anti-miR-570能上调MDA-MB-435细胞上B7-H1表达。本研究证明miR-570能显著抑制B7-H1蛋白表达,为通过抑制B7-H1信号通路以增强机体抗肿瘤免疫力的治疗途径奠定了基础。     

ADAM10真核表达载体的构建及其对MCF-7增殖迁移的影响

目的构建ADAM10真核表达载体,观察稳定转染乳腺癌细胞MCF-7后对其增殖和迁移的影响。方法利用PCR技术扩增人ADAM10的基因片段,克隆入pcDNA3.1真核表达载体,阳性克隆通过PCR、酶切和测序鉴定。脂质体法将重组质粒转染MCF-7细胞,通过G418筛选出稳定转染ADAM10的细胞株,通过Western blot检测细胞ADAM10的表达,通过MTT法和Transwell法分别检测细胞的增殖和迁移变化。结果经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定证明ADAM10真核表达载体构建成功,Western blot结果显示稳定转染细胞的ADAM10蛋白高表达,MTT实验显示转染细胞增殖速度稍快于对照(P<0.05),Transwell结果显示转染细胞迁移能力比对照强(P<0.01)。结论成功构建ADAM10真核表达载体,稳定转染MCF-7细胞后可增强细胞的增殖和迁移,为进一步研究ADAM10生物学作用奠定基础。     

AQP7和AQP9基因多态性与中国汉族人群2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的探讨水通道蛋白7(aquaporin 7, AQP7)以及水通道蛋白9(aquaporin 9, AQP9)基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)与中国汉族人群患2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)的相关性。方法随机纳入1194例T2DM个体和1274例非糖尿病个体(non-diabetic, NDM)进行对照研究, 采用MassArray质谱基因分型方法对3个SNP位点(AQP7基因rs3758269、AQP9基因rs16939881和rs57139208)进行基因分型。评估以上3个SNP位点与T2DM的相关性;探讨NDM组SNP位点处不同基因型与糖脂代谢指标的关联。结果 AQP7基因rs3758269、AQP9基因rs16939881和rs57139208的等位基因频率及基因型频率在T2DM组和NDM组中的分布无统计学差异(P > 0.05);且分析结果显示不同遗传模式与T2DM无相关性(P > 0.05)。在NDM组中, AQP7基因rs3758269、AQP9基因rs16939881和rs57139208的不同基因型与糖脂代谢指标无相关性(P > 0.05)。结论 AQP7基因rs3758269和AQP9基因rs16939881和rs57139208与中国汉族人群T2DM遗传易感性无关。     

CMV drives the expansion of highly functional memory T cells expressing NK‐cell receptors in renal transplant recipients

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic infection encountered in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and may be reactivated without symptoms at any time post‐transplant. We describe how active and latent CMV affect T‐cell subsets in RTRs who are stable on maintenance therapy. T‐cell responses to CMV were assessed in RTRs (n = 54) >2 years post‐transplant, and healthy controls (n = 38). Seven RTRs had CMV DNA detectable in plasma. CMV antibody and DNA aligned with increased proportions of CD8⁺ T cells and reduced CD4/CD8 ratios. This paralleled an expansion of effector memory T‐cell (T_EM), terminally differentiated T‐cell (T_EMRA) and CD57⁺ T_EMRA cell populations. Expression of NK‐cell receptors, LIR‐1 and KLRG1 on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ CD57⁺ T_EM and T_EMRA cells correlated with elevated interferon‐γ and cytotoxic responses to anti‐CD3 and increased cytotoxic responses to CMV phosphoprotein (pp) 65 in RTRs who carried CMV DNA. CD8⁺ T cells from all CMV seropositive RTRs responded efficiently to CMV immediate early (IE) ‐1 peptides. The data show that latent and active CMV infection can alter T‐cell subsets in RTRs many years after transplantation, and up‐regulate T‐cell expression of NK‐cell receptors. This may enhance effector responses of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells against CMV.     

Proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the healthy human breast at 7 T

In vivo water‐ and fat‐suppressed ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and ³¹P magnetic resonance adiabatic multi‐echo spectroscopic imaging were performed at 7 T in duplicate in healthy fibroglandular breast tissue of a group of eight volunteers. The transverse relaxation times of ³¹P metabolites were determined, and the reproducibility of ¹H and ³¹P MRS was investigated. The transverse relaxation times for phosphoethanolamine (PE) and phosphocholine (PC) were fitted bi‐exponentially, with an added short T₂ component of 20 ms for adenosine monophosphate, resulting in values of 199 ± 8 and 239 ± 14 ms, respectively. The transverse relaxation time for glycerophosphocholine (GPC) was also fitted bi‐exponentially, with an added short T₂ component of 20 ms for glycerophosphatidylethanolamine, which resonates at a similar frequency, resulting in a value of 177 ± 6 ms. Transverse relaxation times for inorganic phosphate, γ‐ATP and glycerophosphatidylcholine mobile phospholipid were fitted mono‐exponentially, resulting in values of 180 ± 4, 19 ± 3 and 20 ± 4 ms, respectively. Coefficients of variation for the duplicate determinations of ¹H total choline (tChol) and the ³¹P metabolites were calculated for the group of volunteers. The reproducibility of inorganic phosphate, the sum of phosphomonoesters and the sum of phosphodiesters with ³¹P MRS imaging was superior to the reproducibility of ¹H MRS for tChol. ¹H and ³¹P data were combined to calculate estimates of the absolute concentrations of PC, GPC and PE in healthy fibroglandular tissue, resulting in upper limits of 0.1, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/kg of tissue, respectively.     

Co-inhibitory Molecule B7 Superfamily Member 1 Expressed by Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Induces Dysfunction of Anti-tumor CD8+ T Cells

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Microbe-metabolite-host axis,two-way action in the pathogenesis and treatment of human autoimmunity

The role of microorganism in human diseases cannot be ignored. These microorganisms have evolved together with humans and worked together with body's mechanism to maintain immune and metabolic function. Emerging evidence shows that gut microbe and their metabolites open up new doors for the study of human response mechanism. The complexity and interdependence of these microbe-metabolite-host interactions are rapidly being elucidated. There are various changes of microbial levels in models or in patients of various autoimmune diseases (AIDs). In addition, the relevant metabolites involved in mechanism mainly include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and polysaccharide A (PSA). Meanwhile, the interaction between microbes and host genes is also a factor that must be considered. It has been demonstrated that human microbes are involved in the development of a variety of AIDs, including organ-specific AIDs and systemic AIDs. At the same time, microbes or related products can be used to remodel body's response to alleviate or cure diseases. This review summarizes the latest research of microbes and their related metabolites in AIDs. More importantly, it highlights novel and potential therapeutics, including fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Nonetheless, exact mechanisms still remain elusive, and future research will focus on finding a specific strain that can act as a biomarker of an autoimmune disease.