碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈原液的制备及可纺性

通过原位聚合的方法制备了碳纳米管／聚丙烯腈复合材料原液，并采用湿纺成型工艺制得碳纳米管／聚丙烯腈复合材料纤维。与共混工艺相比较，采用该方法制得的碳纳米管／聚丙烯腈复合材料碳纳米管在聚丙烯腈基中分散均匀，具有较好的可纺性。     

潘智敏教授应用清肺八味汤经验介绍

潘智敏教授总结前贤和杨继荪先生的临证经验,联系临床实际,在临床常见的咳嗽咳痰治疗过程中,常以清热解毒为法,并认为"黄痰固为有热、白痰未必有寒"。有感于痰由热毒生的病机特点,潘教授在临床中用自拟清肺八味汤加减作为咳嗽咳痰的主要治疗药物,尤其在社区获得性肺炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、吸入性肺炎等病见发热及咳嗽咳痰症状者的治疗方法,缩短了患者使用抗生素的时间和住院时间,收到良好的临床效果。     

A case of polyarteritis nodosa with lesions of the superior mesenteric artery illustrating the diagnostic usefulness of three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography

A 40-year-old Japanese man who developed upper abdominal pain, weight loss, and hypertension was diagnosed as suffering with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) with lesions of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) and conventional angiography revealed smooth segmental luminal narrowing of the branches of the SMA. In addition, an enhanced abdominal CT scan demonstrated diffuse thickening of the wall of the affected SMA. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids resulted in immediate improvement of the abdominal manifestations and normalized the serum C-reactive protein levels. Furthermore, the subsequent enhanced CT and 3D-CTA revealed improvement of the wall thickening and luminal narrowing of the SMA and its branches during the treatment period. In addition to possessing the diagnostic usefulness of conventional angiography, 3D-CTA is also less invasive and facilitates the prompt and accurate diagnosis of PAN. Furthermore, thickening of the wall of medium-sized arteries evidenced by enhanced CT scan may also support a diagnosis of PAN.     

纳米ATO改性聚丙烯腈纤维的研究

采用高导电率的纳米粉体ATO(SnO2·Sb2O3)为抗静电剂,从6种不同类型的分散剂中筛选出聚乙烯亚胺,通过设计正交实验探索出最佳工艺组合,将纳米ATO稳定均匀地分散于去离子水中,将该悬浮液作为聚丙烯腈纤维纺丝过程的预热浴,来改善聚丙烯腈纤维的抗静电性,研究了ATO用量、添加位置等对纤维抗静电性能、力学性能的影响。     

Evolution and Regulation of Radial Structure of PAN Pre-Oxidized Fiber Based on the Fine Denier Model

Affected by ambient oxygen and thermal diffusion mechanism, the radial structural distribution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber during the pre-oxidation process will be inherited to the carbon fiber, which had a remarkable effect on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber. It is important to understand the evolution mechanism of radial structure evolution of PAN fiber during the pre-oxidation process to manufacture the high-performance carbon fiber. In this paper, a series of fine denier model fibers were prepared by adjusting the oxygen concentration to describe the structural characteristics at different radial regions of pre-oxidized fibers. The evolution mechanism of the radial structure of pre-oxidized fiber, with the increase of heat treatment temperature, was studied by the methods of optical microscope, C¹³ nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C-NMR), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results showed that along the radial direction of pre-oxidized fiber from skin to core layer, the degree of cyclization changed little while the dehydrogenation and oxygen-containing structure gradually decreased. Specifically, the oxygen-containing functional groups in the core decreased to the lowest level or even disappeared. A moderate increase of temperature in the initial and middle pre-oxidation processes could effectively promote the formation of cyclized structure and stabilize cross-linked ladder structure in the skin region of the fiber. With it, the thermal stability of obtained pre-oxidation fiber was improved.     

潘智敏教授证治肠梗阻的经验

潘智敏教授系第四批全国名老中医药学术经验继承指导老师,博士生导师,师出名门,得著名中医临床学家杨继荪教授的真传,学验俱丰,尤其在急、重、危病人诊治方面积累了丰富的经验。潘智敏教授在证治肠梗阻方面有独到的经验,认为肠梗阻可分为痞结、瘀结、疽结三期,其病机为腑气闭绝,气滞血瘀,热毒内结。治疗原则为理气攻下,清热解毒,活血化瘀。治疗的关键在于理气通下,及早使用清热化瘀。     

Pauci-immune rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis after nephrectomy in a renal donor

Idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a clinicopathologic syndrome in which glomerular damage is accompanied by a rapid and progressive decline in renal function, usually resulting in irreversible renal failure in weeks or months. We report the occurrence of pauci-immune RPGN, more specifically microscopic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), in a 60-year-old woman 15 months after donor nephrectomy, and 3 months after documentation of intact, residual renal function. The transplanted kidney continues to function well in the recipient, 6 years posttransplantation, and 4.5 years beyond destruction of the donor's contralateral kidney by RPGN. The donor underwent cadaveric renal transplantation after 2 years on dialysis, and at the 3-year mark has intact renal function. These intriguing observations strongly argue that host environmental factors, rather than intrarenal factors, play a major causative role in the pathogenesis of RPGN.     

Comparison of mutagenic activities of several peroxyacyl nitrates

Salmonella typhimurium, strain TA100 was exposed to a series of peroxyacyl nitrates including peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), peroxybutyryl nitrate (PBN), peroxybenzoyl nitrate (PBzN), and chloroperoxyacetyl nitrate (CPAN). Gas-phase concentrations for the individual exposures were in the high part per billion by volume ppbv range. The dose was determined from the deposition rate and measured from the net decrease of the test compound in the exposure chamber and the exposure time. The mutagenic activity for each compound determined from the dose-response relationship gave values ranging from 250 (PBN) to 6,500 (PBzN) revertants/mumols. The mutagenic activity for CPAN could not be determined, due to an interference from chloroacetaldehyde. The difficulties of quantifying the actual gas-phase chemical dose the bacteria are exposed to in this variant of the Ames test are delineated.     

Acute combined effects of HCN and CO,with the use of the combustion products from pan (polyacrylonitrite) — gauze mixtures

Summary The combustion product from gauze-PAN (Polyacrylonitrlle) mixture was used as a material for the evaluation of the combined effects of CO and HCN. Rats and mice were exposed for 30 min. to the combustion products. In mice experiments, the time at which animals turned laterally and were killed, was measured. In experiments with rats, blood COHb and cyanide determinations were made, in addition to the observation of the behavior.Exposure room gas concentrations (O₂, CO₂, CO, HCN) were determined and temperature in the combustion room was measured during heating. Preliminary experiments with PAN, ranging from 2g to 10g, on mice showed that HCN is responsible for the toxicity of the combustion products from this fiber. In mixture experiments all animals died during exposure. In experiments with mice (8g of total weight of mixed sample), animals in groups with larger proportion of PAN turned over and died earlier and this was explained by higher HCN concentration. In rats experiments (1 Og), this held true for severe impairment, however, as to the death time, this was not the case. There was a long interval between severe impairment and death in groups with larger proportion of PAN. The larger amount of HCN was produced as temperature rises.A linear relation between COHb concentration and CT (concentration-time) product was shown. There was not a linear relation between blood COHb and cyanide levels. Judging from the blood analyses data, it seemed probable that there is neither an additive nor a synergistic action between CO and HCN with respect to lethal effects.

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Akuter Kombinationseffekt von HCN und CO durch Verbrennungsprodukte von PAN-Gaze Verbindungen

Zusammenfassung Bei Verbrennungsgasen, die durch Erhitzen verschiedener Kombinationen von Gaze und PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) entwickelt wurden, wurde der Kombinationseffekt von CO und HCN geprüft. Ratten und Mäuse wurde 30 Minuten lang den Gasen ausgesetzt. Als Kriterien für die Toxizität wurde die Zeit bis zum Eintritt schwerer Vergiftungserscheinungen (die Seitenlage der Tiere) und des Todes gemessen. In der Kammer, in der die Tiere den Gasen ausgesetzt wurden, wurden die O₂-, CO₂-, CO-, und HCN-Konzentrationen gemessen, bei Ratten COHb- und die Cyanid-Konzentrationen im Blut. Vorversuche an Mäusen mit PAN allein bestätigten, daß die Toxizität der Verbrennungsgase HCN zugeschrieben wird. In Versuchen, bei denen Tiere den Gasen aus verschiedenen Kombinationen von Gaze und PAN ausgesetzt wurden, starben alle Tiere innerhalb von 30 Minuten. Schwere Vergiftungserscheinungen und Tod der Tiere (außer Tod der Ratten) traten früher in Versuchsgruppen mit höheren Anteilen von PAN ein; dies ist höheren HCN-Konzentrationen von diesen Gruppen zuzuschreiben. Es gab lange Zeitspannen zwischen Seitenlage und Tod von Ratten in oben genannten Gruppen.Eine lineare Relation wurde zwischen COHb Konzentration und KT-Wert (das Produkt aus CO-Konzentration und Zeit) aufgezeigt. Zwischen COHb- und Cyanid Konzentrationen im Blut wurde keine lineare Beziehung nachgewiesen. Aus obengenannten Giftanalysen im Blut erscheint es unwahrscheinlich, daß es eine Potenzierung zwischen HCN und CO in bezug auf tödliche Folgen besteht.