Formulation and stability of silkworm pupae oil microemulsion

Because of the instability, perishable odor and peculiar smell, a microemulsion system was designed to safely and effectively supply α-linolenic acid from silkworm pupae oil. Microemulsion-loaded silkworm pupae oil was prepared from isoamyl acetate, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether 35 (EL-35), ethanol and water. The optimal microemulsion formulation was a 4% composite oil phase (silkworm pupae oil: isoamyl acetate, 1:2), 16% composite surfactant (EL-35: ethanol, 2:1) and 80% water, with uniformly dispersed spherical particles with diameters of 16.25 nm. The color of the microemulsion was transparent and had no peculiar smell. The investigation results of environmental stress show that the transmittance is 86%–99%, and there is no significant difference from the control group (p > 0.05). Compared with silkworm pupae oil, the total antioxidant capacity of the microemulsion was increased by 7.70 times. Microemulsion-loaded silkworm pupae oil exhibited good physical and antioxidation stability. This work provides a feasible new scheme for ensuring the nutritional and health functions of silkworm pupae oil and supplying α-linolenic acid safely and effectively.     

Acupoint Exploration A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTING ACUPOINTS FOR EIGHT CATEGORIES OF PATTERNS OF IMBALANCE

With the help of computers,we have made statistics as to the frequency of se-lecting points for the eight categories of patterns of imbalance.We suggest that for the heat syn-drome,the points in the upper part should usually be selected,for the cold syndrome,the points inthe lower part should generally be adopted;for the exterior syndrome,the points on the yang surfaceshould mostly be selected,for the interior syndrome,the points on the yin surface should generally beadopted;for the asthenic syndrome,the points in the trunk should mostly be selected,for the sthenicsyndrome,the points at the extremities generally be adopted.     

胸腰椎骨折单侧固定的有限元探讨

目的:通过有限元运算方法探讨胸腰椎骨折单侧固定的生物力学效果和可行性.方法:采用正常健康志愿者数据构建胸腰椎骨折有限元模型,装配单侧固定系统和双侧固定系统,对其进行有限元运算模拟.结果:通过有限元运算获得的结果分析,采取单侧固定的静态应力、最大应力与最大位移都明显提示较双侧固定不稳定(P<0.05).结论:胸腰椎骨折采取单侧固定后其有限元运算的结果提示其生物力学效应较差,在临床应用中单侧固定选择需要慎重,避免矫形复位手术的失败.     

影响临床路径实施的因素分析及对策建议

临床路径的实施效果受到许多因素的影响,采用鱼骨图法系统分析了影响临床路径实施的关键因素,主要包括政策因素、组织因素和个人因素3个方面.建议通过变革医疗服务付费模式、将临床路径纳入医疗机构监管体系、建立信息化管理平台、加大宣传、加强科室多方协作等措施,稳步推进临床路径管理试点工作.     

鱼骨图法分析精神科住院患者暴力攻击原因

目的：探讨运用鱼骨图分析精神科住院患者暴力攻击的原因。方法通过查阅不良事件讨论登记表、病历等分析327例发生暴力攻击行为的精神科住院患者的相关资料,查找暴力攻击的原因,绘制鱼骨图。结果精神科住院患者暴力攻击的原因可概括为患者因素、家属因素、工作人员因素、环境因素和管理因素,其中患者因素中最高的是既往暴力攻击史,占64．5％;家属因素中最高的是家属对患者的态度生硬、冷漠,占19．6％;工作人员因素中最高的是服务态度不好、说话太生硬,占30．0％;护理管理因素中最高的是封闭式管理,占61．8％;环境因素中最高的是病房拥挤嘈杂,占30．9％。结论鱼骨图用于精神科住院患者暴力攻击原因的分析简单实用,为防范精神科住院患者暴力攻击提供了对策依据,为进一步实现护理安全的持续质量改进提供了有力保证。     

吡喹酮凝胶剂的研制

绘制了吡喹酮在丙二醇－乙醇－水系统中的相图，通过均匀设计确定了１％吡喹酮凝胶剂中各溶媒所占的最佳比例为：４０％（ｗ／ｗ）丙二醇，４５％（ｗ／ｗ）乙醇，５％（ｗ／ｗ）水。以卡波普９４０为基质制备了吡喹酮凝胶剂，考察了其体外经皮渗透性、月桂氮酮的促渗作用以及其体外释放。结果表明吡喹酮凝胶剂的体外经皮渗透为零级过程，皮肤为其经皮渗透的限速屏障，月桂氮酮能有效促进其体外经皮渗透，其体外释放符合Ｈｉｇｕｃｈｉ方程。     

Thermophysical Properties of Trehalose and Its Concentrated Aqueous Solutions

Purpose. To address the lack of fundamental thermophysical data for trehalose and its aqueous systems by measuring equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties of such systems. Methods/Results. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to measure glass transition temperatures of trehalose and its solutions. X-ray diffractometry was used to verify the structure of amorphous trehalose. Controlled-stress rheometry was used to measure viscosity of several aqueous trehalose systems at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures. Over this temperature range, the density of these solutions was also measured with a vibrating tube densimeter. The equilibrium phase diagram of aqueous trehalose was determined by measuring the solubility and freezing point depression. Conclusions. Our solubility measurements, which have allowed long times for attainment of chemical equilibrium, are substantially different from those reported earlier that used different techniques. Our measurements of the glass transition temperature of trehalose are higher than reported values. A simple model for the glass transition is presented to describe our experimental observations.     

Notation System and Overlay Diagrams for the Analysis of Paced Electrocardiograms

With the advent of adaptive dual-chamber pacing, the interaction between the pacemaker and the heart is becoming increasingly complex and the interpretation of paced electrocardiograms more difficult. We have developed a set of notation conventions for use in teaching and rhythm-atrip analysis. Easily-drawn symbols delineate successful, unsuccessful, and inhibited pacing and sensing events as well as refractory and blanking periods. Another application is to generate movable transparent overlays after programming a pacemaker, to be used in interpreting subsequent rhythm strips.     

Fourier analysis of biological signals with a programmable calculator

A Fourier analysis program written for the Texas Instruments TI-59 programmable calculator is presented. The program determines the Fourier coefficients of any time varying periodic signal.